MACHINE SHOP 1

(DRILLING MACHINE)
Learning Outcomes (LO):
1. List the different types of drilling machine and its
usage
2. Demonstrate the functions of the different parts of
drilling machine
 Drilling Machine
Introduction
 Drilling is the operation of producing circular
hole in the work-piece by using a rotating
cutter called DRILL.

 The machine used for drilling is called drilling

machine.

 The drilling operation can also be accomplished

in lathe, in which the drill is held in tailstock
and the work is held by the chuck.

 The most common drill used is the twist drill.

 Drilling Machine

Drilling Machine
It is the simplest and accurate machine
used in production shop.
The work piece is held stationary ie.
Clamped in position and the drill rotates
to make a hole.
 Drilling Machine
Basic Parts of a Drilling
Machine
Base
Column
Drill head
Spindle
Table
Radial arm
Base is made of cast iron and so can withstand vibrations. It may
be mounted on a bench or on the floor. It supports all the other
parts of the machine on it.

Column stands vertically on the base at one end. It supports the

work table and the drill head. The drill head has drill spindle and
the driving motor on either side of the column.

Drill head is mounted on the top side of the column. The drill
spindle and the driving motor are connected by means of a V-belt
and cone pulleys. The motion is transmitted to the spindle from
the motor by the belt. The pinion attached to the handle meshes
with the rack on the sleeve of the spindle for providing the drill
the required down feed. There is no power feed arrangement in
this machine. The spindle rotates at a speed ranging from 50 to
2000 rpm.
Spindle is a rotating axis of the drilling machine, which
often has a shaft at its heart. The shaft itself is called a
spindle.

Table is mounted on the vertical column and can be

adjusted up and down on it. The table has ‘T’-slots on it for
holding the workpieces or to hold any other work holding
device. The table can be adjusted vertically to
accommodate workpieces of different heights and can be
clamped at the required position.

Radial arm is a geared drill head that is mounted on an arm

assembly that can be moved around to the extent of its
arm reach.
 Drilling Machine
Types of Drilling Machines

 Portable drilling machine (or) Hand drilling

machine
 Sensitive drilling machine (or) Bench drilling
machine
 Upright drilling machine
 Radial drilling machine
 Gang drilling machine
 Multiple spindle drilling machine
 Deep hole drilling machine
 Drilling Machine
Portable Drilling Machine
- It can be carried and used anywhere in the
workshop. It is used for drilling holes on
workpieces in any position, which is not possible
in a standard drilling machine.
 Drilling Machine

Sensitive Drilling Machine

- It is designed for drilling
small holes at high speeds in
light jobs. High speed and
hand feed are necessary for
drilling small holes.
 Drilling Machine

Upright Drilling Machine

- Is designed for handling
medium sized workpieces.
Though it looks like a sensitive
drilling machine, it is larger and
heavier than a sensitive drilling
machine.
 Drilling Machine

Radial Drilling Machine

- Is intended for drilling on
medium to large and heavy
workpieces. It has a heavy
round column mounted on
a large base.
 Drilling Machine
Gang Drilling Machine
-It has a long common table and a base. Four to
six drill heads are placed side by side. The drill
heads have separate driving motors.
 Drilling Machine
Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine
- It is used for drilling a number of holes in a
workpiece simultaneously and for reproducing
the same pattern of holes in a number of
identical pieces.
 Drilling Machine
Deep Hole Drilling Machine
- It is a special machine and drills are required to
drill deeper holes in barrels of gun, spindles and
connecting rods. The machine designed for this
purpose is known as deep hole drilling machine.
 Drilling Machine
Tools used in a Drilling Machine
Drill
Reamer
Counter bore
Countersink
Tap
 Drilling Machine
Drill
- It is a tool used to originate a
hole in a solid material. A
helical groove known as
‘flute’ is cut along the length
of the drill.
Different types of drills are :
 Flat drill
 Straight fluted drill
 Twist drill
 Center drill
 Drilling Machine
Reamer
The tool used for enlarging and finishing a
previously drilled hole is known as a reamer. It is
a multi tooth cutter and removes smaller
amount of material. It gives a better finish and
accurate dimension.
 Drilling Machine
Counter bore
It is a multi tooth cutting tool used for
enlarging the top of the previously machined
hole. It has three or four cutting teeth. The
flutes on them may be straight or helical.
Straight fluted tools are used for machining
softer materials like brass and aluminum and for
short depth of cut. Helical fluted counter bores
are used for longer holes.
 Drilling Machine
Countersink
It has cutting edges on its conical surfaces.
It has a similar construction of a counter bore
except for the angle of the cutting edges. The
angle of countersinks will generally be 60°, 82°
or 90°. It is used for enlarging the top of the
holes conically.
 Drilling Machine
Tap
It has threads like bolt. It has 3 to 4 flutes
cut across the threads. It can cut threads on the
inside of a hole.
 Drilling Machine
Work Holding Devices

The devices used for holding the

work in a drilling machine are :
 Machine Table Vise
- It is equipped with jaws
which clamps the work piece. The
vice can be bolted to the drilling
table or the tail can be swung
around swung around. The swivel
vice is a machine wise that can be
swivel through 360° on a horizontal
plane.
 Drilling Machine
Step Blocks
- These are built to allow height
adjustment for mounting the drilling jobs and
are used with strap clamps and long T-slot bolts.
 Drilling Machine
Clamps
- these are small, portable vises , which
bears against the work piece and holding
devices. Common types of clamps are C-clamp,
Parallel clamp, machine strap clamp, U-clamp.
 Drilling Machine

V-blocks
- These are designed to
hold round work pieces.
 Drilling Machine
Angles
- Angle plates are made in a 90°angle with slots
and bolt holes for securing work to the table.
 Drilling Machine

Jigs
- It guides the drill
through a bushing
to locate and drill
holes accurately.
 Drilling Machine
T-Slots Bolt
- These are special bolts which has a T shaped
head, which slides into the T slots of drilling
machine work table.
 Drilling Machine
Drilling Machine Operations
The different operations that can be performed in a
drilling machine are:
 Drilling
 Reaming
 Boring
 Counter boring
 Countersinking
 Spot facing
 Tapping
 Trepanning
 Drilling Machine

Drilling
It is an economical
way of removing
large amounts of
metal to create semi-
precision round hole
or cavity.
 Drilling Machine

Reaming
It is a finishing operation
performed with a multi-edge
tool giving high-precision
holes. High surface finish,
superb hole quality and close
dimensional tolerance are
achieved at high penetration
rates and small depths of cut.
 Drilling Machine

Boring
It is an operation to enlarge
and finish holes accurately.
This may be done on a
lathe or a milling machine.
 Drilling Machine

Counter boring
It is the process of
enlarging the entrance of a
hole with a counter bore,
or other similar tool to a
specified diameter and
depth.
 Drilling Machine

Countersinking
It is the tapering or beveling
of the end of a hole with a
conical cutter called a
machine countersink. Often a
hole is slightly countersunk to
guide pins which are to be
driven into the workpiece; but
more commonly,
countersinking is used to form
recesses for flathead screws.
 Drilling Machine
Spot facing
It is basically the same as counter
boring, using the same tool, speed,
feed, and lubricant. The operation of
spot facing is slightly different in that
the spot facing is usually done above
a surface or on a curved surface.
Rough surfaces, castings, and curved
surfaces are not at right angles the
cutting tool causing great strain on
the pilot and counter bore which can
lead to broken tools.
 Drilling Machine

Tapping
It is cutting a thread in a drilled
hole. Tapping is accomplished
on the drilling machine by
selecting and drilling the tap
drill size, then using the drilling
machine chuck to hold and
align the tap while it is turned
by hand.
 Drilling Machine
Trepanning
It is used for larger hole diameters
and where machine power is
limited, because it is not as power
consuming as solid drilling. The
trepanning tool does not machine
the whole diameter, only a ring at
the periphery. Instead of removing
all the material in the form of chips,
a core is left in the center of the
hole – consequently, this method is
for through-hole applications.
Different Types of Drill Bit
Twist Bits
Sizes range: 1/16” to 1/2”

There are twist bits.

These are the most
commonly used drill bits and
made from a spiral piece of
metal. They range from 1/16
of an inch to 1/2 of an inch.
They are located by the drill
press.
Spade Bits
Sizes range: 1/4” to 1”

Another type is a spade bit.

The spade bit gets its name
from the spade shape of the
drill bit’s head. These range
in size from 1/4 of an inch
to 1 inch. The spade bits are
located in the hand tool
cabinet.
Forstner Bits
Sizes range: 1/4” to 2”

The third type of drill bit

found in the lab is forstner
bit. These bits get their
name from its inventor.
This type of drill bit is easy
to spot with its large head.
They range in size from
1/4 of an inch to 2 inches.
Procedure
Insert bit into chuck

Tighten it by hand
Find the chuck key…

…in the key chuck holder

Tighten with chuck key

Remember: Righty Tightly

Set depth stop…

…to desired height

Never leave the…

…key chuck in the chuck

Put the chuck key…

…in the chuck key holder

Use the feed handle…

…lower and raise the bit

Hold your stock…

…tightly as you drill

If not, your stock may…

…spin violently around

Hold the feed handle…

…and turn the machine off

Small pieces should…

…be clamped to the table

Keeps hands at least…

2” 2”

…”Circle of Danger”
Keep hair, loose clothes

…away from the bit

Press the stop button…

…to stop the drill press

 END…
Questions?
Clarifications?