Drilling Machine

Drilling
• It is a process of making hole or enlarging a hole in
a solid metal piece by forcing a rotating tool called
“ Twist Drill”.
 Drilling
• The drilling operation can also be accomplished in
lathe, in which the drill is held in tailstock and the
work is held by the chuck.
 Drilling Machine
• It is the simplest and accurate machine used in
production shop.
• The work piece is held stationary i.e. clamped in
position and the drill rotates to make a hole.

• Types:-
a) Based on construction:
Portable Drilling, Sensitive Drilling, Radial Drilling,
up-right Drilling, Gang Drilling , Multi-spindle Drilling
b)Based on Feed:
Hand and Power driven Drilling
Portable Drilling Machine
• It is very small, compact and self contained
unit carrying a small electric motor inside it.
• It is used to drill holes when the component is
bigger in size so that it can not be shifted to
the shop floor.
• It is used when the space is restricted so that
no other typed of drilling machine can be used.
• They are made to hold drills upto a maximum
diameter ranging from 12 mm to 18 mm.
Sensitive Drilling Machine
• It is a light-duty type of drilling machine that
normally incorporates a belt drive spindle head.
• This machine is generally used for moderate-to-
light duty work. The upright sensitive drill press
gets its name due to the fact that the machine can
only be hand fed.
• Drill holes from 1.5 to 15mm.
• Hand feeding the tool into the workpiece allows
the operator to "feel" the cutting action of the tool.
so it is called sensitive drilling machine.
• Light weight-light duty.
• Used primarily for low production.
Up-Right Drilling Machine
• It is a heavy duty type of drilling machine normally
incorporating a geared drive spindle head.
• It can be equipped with a gearbox and variable speed
head.
• This type of drilling machine is used on large hole-
producing operations that typically involve larger or
heavier parts.
• The upright drill press allows the operator to hand feed
or power feed the tool into the workpiece.
• The power feed mechanism automatically advances
the tool into the workpiece.
• Automatic coolant system.
• Table can move on a rack and pinion system.
• Drill holes up to 50mm.
• Table can move vertically and radially.
Radial Drilling Machine
• The radial arm drill press is the hole producing work horse of the
machine shop.
• The radial arm drill press allows the operator to position the spindle
directly over the work piece rather than moving the work piece to the
tool.
• It is the largest and most versatile used for drilling medium to large
and heavy work pieces.
• Drill head is raised and/or rotated to accommodate work piece.
• The design of the radial drill press gives it a great deal of versatility,
especially on parts too large to position easily.
• Radial drills offer power feed on the spindle, as well
as an automatic mechanism to raise or lower the
radial arm.
• Radial arm drill presses can be equipped with a
trunion table or tilting table. This gives the operator
the ability to drill intersecting or angular holes in one
setup.
Special Purpose Drilling Machines

• Special purpose drilling machines include

machines capable of drilling 20 holes at once or
drilling holes as small as 0.01 of an inch.
Gang Drilling Machine
• A series of single spindle drills are mounted on a long common table.
• Equipped with more than one spindle.
• This type of drill press is used when successive operations are to be
done.
• Each individual head may be fitted with different cutting tools like twist
drill, a counter sink or a reamer.
• For instance, the first head may be used to spot drill. The second head
may be used to tap drill. The third head may be used, along with a
tapping head, to tap the hole. The fourth head may be used to chamfer.
• Designed for mass production set-up.
• No need of changing cutting tools.
Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine
 Deep Hole Drilling machine

• Special machine and drills are required for drilling deep

holes in rifle barrels, long spindles, oil holes in crank
shafts, long shafts etc. The machine is operated at high
speed and low feed. A long job is usually supported at
several points to prevent any deflection. The work is
usually rotated while the drill is fed into the work. This
helps in feeding the drill in a st. path. The machine may
be Horizontal type (or) Vertical type. The drill is
withdrawn automatically each time when it penetrates in
to the work to a depth equal to its dia. This process
permits the chip to clear out from the work.
• This special purpose drill press has many spindles connected to one
main work head.
• All of the spindles are fed into the  work piece at the same time.
• This type of drilling machine is especially useful when you have a large
number of parts with many holes located close together.
Cutting Speed (Surface speed )
• It is defined as the rate (or speed) by which the
material moves past the cutting edge of the tool,
irrespective of the machining operation used. 
• It is expressed in meters per minute.
 Drill Materials
The two most common types are:
1. HSS drill
- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills
- high production and in CNC machines
Other types are:
Solid Carbide drill, Tin coated drills, Carbide coated
masonry drills, Parabolic drills, Split point drill
Drill Nomenclature
• Shank:-
 This is the portion which is “clamped” to provide the
drive.
 Straight shank for drill up to ½”. Shank is equal to body
diameter.
 Above ½”, shank can be tapered or reduced in dia.
• Body:-
Flutes - Helical grooves cut around the body which form
the cutting edges.
– Allow coolant to flow to the cutting edge to reduce
friction.
– Allow chips to be withdrawn.
– Cause the chips to curl and provide passage for their
flow.
– Form the lips and cutting edges on the point.
• Margin- Narrow raised section of the body. It
Provides full body support to hole to keep it
aligned as it drills.
• Body clearance - Reduced section of the drill
between the flutes and margin. It is used to
reduce friction between drill and work piece.
• Web- Thin section in the center of the drill which
forms a “core” for the drill. This feature increases
as it extends to the shank. It forms the chisel
edge of the drill.
• The narrowed end of the tapered shank drill is
called the tang.
• The tang fits the slot in the innermost end of the
drill spindle, drill chuck, or other drill holding
device and aids in driving the tool.
• It also prevents the drill from slipping.
• An imaginary line through the center of the drill
from end to end is the axis.
• The drill must rotate evenly about the axis at all
times.
 Tool Holding devices
• The different methods used for holding drill in a drill
spindle are:
– By directly fitting in the spindle hole.
– By using drill sleeve
– By using drill socket
– By using drill chuck
Work Holding Devices

Key-type Drill Chuck

Key-less Drill Chuck
Drill Sleeves and Sockets
• Drill Sleeves
– Used to adapt drill
shank to machine
spindle if taper on tool is
smaller than taper in
spindle.
• Drill Socket
– Used when hole in
spindle of drill press too
small for taper shank of
drill.
– Used often as
extension sockets.
 Drilling operations
• Operations that can be performed in a drilling
machine are:

 Drilling
 Reaming
 Boring
 Counter boring
 Countersinking
 Tapping
DRILLING
• Operation of producing circular holes in solid metal
by rotating the drill and feeding it through the job.

• Before starting drilling, it is necessary to mark the

position of the hole on the workpiece.

• It does not produce accurate hole. The centre may

not be accurate, the size of the hole is slightly
larger than required.
REAMING
• Operation of sizing and shaping a hole using a
tool called reamer.

• Reamer is multitoothed tool designed for removing

relatively small amount of material from a
previously drilled hole.

• It is done to achieve accurate hole dimension.

Initially a hole is drilled slightly smaller in size.
BORING
• Operation of aligning, sizing and finishing a
cylindrical hole.

• It is often used to enlarge the drilled holes.

• It uses a single point cutting tool which rotates

relative to the stationary workpiece.
COUNTERSINKING
• A Countersink tool enlarges the top portion of an
existing hole to a cone shaped opening.

• It is performed after drilling to provide space for

the head of fastener, such as screw, to fit with the
workpiece surface.

• Common included angles for a countersink include

62, 82, 90, 100, 118 and 120 degrees.
COUNTERBORING

• Operation of enlarging one end of an

existing hole concentric with the original
hole with a square bottom as shown in
fig.
COUNTERBORING

• The counter tool called

Counter Bore has pilot.

• The pilot enters in a previously

drilled hole and align the tool
so that the counter bored hole
is concentric with the existing
hole..
COUNTERBORING

• The tool has end cutting

edges square with the axis to
produce a flat bottom.

• It is used to recess a bolt

head or a nut below the
surface to permit a mating part
to operate without obstruction.
Tapping

• Operation of thread cutting for producing internal

threads in a drilled hole.

• It uses multipoint cutting tool called taps.

• Tapping attachment used with the drill permits

forward rotation of the tap when it is cutting and fast
reverse rotation for withdrawal.
Trepanning
• Operation of making large holes in sheet metals.
• A small diameter hole is drilled in centre for drilling
large diameter holes.
• The pilot of trepanning tool is fitted into this hole
and the length of the adjustable arm is set to the
radius of the hole to be cut.
• Holes upto a diameter of 350 mm can be cut by
this attachment.
Spot facing
Types of cutters
Types of cutters
Reamers :-
• Multi tooth cutting tool.
• Accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-
existing hole.
• Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
Boring Tool:-
• Single point cutting tool.
• Boring tool is held in the boring bar which has the
shank.
• Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved.
Countersinks :-
• Special angled cone shaped enlargement at the end
of the hole.
• Cutting edges at the end of conical surface.
• Cone angles of 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°.

Counter Bore Tool:-

• Special cutters uses a pilot to guide the cutting
action.
• Accommodates the heads of bolts.
Counter bore and spot facing
Tapping:-
• For cutting internal thread.
• Multi cutting edge tool.
• Tapping is performed either by hand or by machine.
• Minor dia. of the thread is drilled and then tapping is
done.