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Planning of Paris city (1853 – 1870)/ Case study

Presentation · March 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13828.78720

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 Master of Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture
UPLA 632 – Integrated Urban Development Project

Planning of Paris city

(1853 – 1870)
-Case study-

Prepared by: SHAYMA’ BAWATNEH

Date: 11th March 2017

Spring 2016-2017
 Motivations to change Paris:

 From 1800-1850 the population doubled to over

one million.

 In 1850 the majority of Paris was still the medieval

style of unplanned narrow winding streets.

 The open gutters used for carrying sewage was a

breeding ground for disease.

 Narrow streets easy to barricade.

 Napoleon III was inspired by trip to London to

modernize the city.

 Napoleon had a greater interest in the

techniques & new materials like glass & iron.
Haussmannization
(Haussmann’s renovation of Paris) :

 Haussmann, chosen by Napoleon III to lead the project (Renovation of

Paris).

 Haussmann’s renovation of Paris was a vast public works program which

started Napoleon III in the period from 1853 – 1870 in Paris.

 The entire city was rebuilt in a matter of two decades.

 The Haussmanization demolished the chaotic, ugly, & unsanitary medieval

neighborhoods of Paris and replaced them with more designed features of
the city such as; the beautiful cream colored buildings, parks & squares
that represent today.

 Design principles increased the function, but destroyed numerous traditions

& evicted the poor from the city in the process.
George-Eugene Haussmann

 Lived 1809-1891
 Studied law.
 Wasn’t an architect or urban planner.
 Became the prefect of Seine in 1853
 Worked in closed collaboration with napoleon III on the
renovation of Paris.
 Haussmann, who was responsible for creating a new space
in Paris (bring Air & Light to the center of the city).
Haussmann Plan:

Haussmann embarked on a radical project of urban design to

rebuild Paris as a modern city. The project included:

 Sewer system.
 Wide boulevards(avenue)
 Gas lighting.
 Public building regulations
 Monuments.
 Updated façade
 Reorganized symmetrical road system
 Parks
 Squares(open public spaces)
 Division of Paris into districts and its expansion
Before After
 Roads:

 Haussmann brought symmetry to the city

 Haussmann wanted all main roads to pass major buildings

and monuments.

 The new streets were laid out in a grid running east to west
north to south with diagonal connections radiating out.

 Perhaps most importantly the wide avenues would be hard

to barricade and allow fast access for troops.

 The construction and widening of streets required the

expropriation and demolition of many buildings.
Pre-Haussmann
 Sewers:

 Pre-Haussmann: underground system intermixed

sanitary & unsanitary water.

 Haussmann engineered a new underground sewer

system: separation of potable water & waste.

 Iron piping & digging techniques from industrial

revolution.

 Became a tourist attraction post sanitation.

 Façade of buildings:

 The city was rebuilt with a neoclassical

façade.

 The widening of the streets allowed for

extra height to be added to the
buildings increasing living space.

 Typically five stories.

 Elaborate balcony on second floor.

 Shops on bottom level.

 Social impact:

 Dislocation of communities as working classes

pushed out to outer to suburbs.

 Haussmann was unwilling to compromise his ideas.

His plans evicted poor citizens from the city when he
destroyed their neighborhoods.

 350,000 individuals displaced their homes.

 Propertied class wanted more comfortable space in

central areas.
 Outcomes:

 Haussmann was able to modernize Paris, improve

the cleanliness, and reveal its beauty.

 He used sleek lines and organized the layout by

working from the heart of the city to the outside.

 Overall the streets were more effective & prettier

since the sewer system was moved underground.

 This led to a city with cleaner drinking water & less

disease outbreaks.
 Lessons:

 Infrastructure is a prime stone for urban

development.

 Insistence to achieve the Goal.

 Public satisfaction is almost impossible in urban

development’s projects.

 Existence Random neighborhoods inside modern

planned cities is impossible.

 Urban planner have to focus on region potentials.

 Urban planning can’t success without developing

in both sides; Function & Visual side. Avenue not
only circulation but actually unifying the image of
the city.

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