RNA Polyadenylation - RNA molecules are polyadenylated as part of a

polyadenylation-dependent RNA degradation mechanism. This process consists

sequentially of endonucleolytic cleavage, addition of degradation-inducing poly(A)-rich
sequences to these cleavage products, and exonucleolytic degradation. In spinach
chloroplasts the latter two steps, polyadenylation and exonucleolytic degradation, are
performed by a single phosphorolytic and processive enzyme, polynucleotide
phosphorylase (PNPase), while there is no equivalent to the E. coli poly(A)-polymerase
enzyme. This was also found to be the case in cyanobacteria, a prokaryote believed to
be related to the evolutionary ancestor of the chloroplast, and also in several other
bacteria. 

RNA Capping - At least three internal virion structural proteins have enzyme

activities involved in RNA synthesis and capping, including a conservative RdRp or Pol
(which may function as a transcriptase, i.e. involved in positive strand synthesis on a
dsRNA template, or a replicase, i.e. involved in negative strand synthesis on a positive
strand ssRNA template), nucleotide phosphohydrolase, guanylyltransferase, two distinct
transmethylases, dsRNA unwinding (i.e. helicase) activity and pyrophosphatase. Some
of the minor proteins may also play a structurally significant role as components of the
virion, together with at least three major capsid proteins. The virion structural proteins
range in size from 15 to 155 kDa and constitute about 80–85% of the dry weight of
virions.

RNA Spilicing - Most commonly, the RNA sequence that is removed begins with the
dinucleotide GU at its 5′ end, and ends with AG at its 3′ end. These consensus
sequences are known to be critical, because changing one of the conserved nucleotides
results in inhibition of splicing. Another important sequence occurs at what is called
the branch point, located anywhere from 18 to 40 nucleotides upstream from the 3′ end
of an intron. The branch point always contains an adenine, but it is otherwise loosely
conserved. A typical sequence is YNYYRAY, where Y indicates a pyrimidine, N denotes
any nucleotide, R denotes any purine, and A denotes adenine. Rarely, alternate splice
site sequences are found that begin with the dinucleotide AU and end with AC; these
are spliced through a similar mechanism.
Splicing occurs in several steps and is catalyzed by small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
(snRNPs, commonly pronounced "snurps"). 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/rna-capping

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/polyadenylation

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/rna-splicing-introns-exons-and-spliceosome-
12375/