Your English Supplement

Volume 4
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22 pages of
EXERCISES

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CROATIA
YOUR The Land of
Game of Thrones
INVOLUNTARY Are you learning
BODY English or Effle?

Essential
restaurant English

What goes wrong

in translation

WILL SMITH
From Prince Charming
to King Midas
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GENERAL
YES Volume 4
4 How to Use Your English Supplement

CONTENTS
This page should help you to navigate the magazine in
6
7
10
Current Affairs Contents
News, Language News and Names News
Science News including archaeology,
health and physiology
general. Notice that on pages 6, 20, 66, 87 and 111 there 14 Internet: digital vs. real-life
are more details for each section of the magazine. connections + smartphones
16 Society: masculine eclipse
17 Economics: marketing to Gen Y

20 Culture Contents
21 Croatia: speaking English in the newest EU State
25 Language: are you learning English
or are you learning Effle?
28 Sports: assess the ref
30 INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS DOSSIER:
everything you need to know about hiccupping,
burping, yawning, sneezing, laughter, smiling,
frowning, farting, itching, scratching and blushing
39 Art: celebrity in painting
40 Religion: religious bodies
41 HAIR FEATURE: baldness, beards,
16 21 wigs and extensions
46 Body language: a body of lies
48 Music: a cappella of the derrière
49 Food banks
50 Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs
52 Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath
54 Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott
58 Cinema: Will Smith
62 What goes wrong in translation

66 Grammar Contents
30 41 67
68
Euphemisms: body functions
Word Building: -body and body- words
70 English in Context: essential restaurant talk
72 Grammar Focus: false comparatives
74 Etymology: an unfinished science
76 Phrasal verbs: body functions and phrasal verbs
78 False friends: nationalities
80 Idioms: the ancients in English expressions
82 Pronunciation: euphonization
84 Phonetics: turned script a

85 Subscription Information
50 54 86 Picture Description

87 Audio Scripts Contents

88 Audio Scripts
To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the
111 Exercises Contents
'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions.
112 Exercises
You will need the code given above to access the files.
134 Staff and contact addresses
www.yes-mag.com // facebook.com/YesZine // @yeszine 135 In next month’s issue

YES 4 | 3
 of the Dead
The Tube can also be macabre...

How to Use Death on the Tracks

Your English Supplement

Metro systems the world over1 attract the suicidal.
Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’
to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself
under a Tube train. 2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations
attract the most suicides.
The Grea
There was
SYMBOLS in North L
Each page-long article in the magazine has been ging4 unde
created to be used more or less independently – hundred
so that you can learn and practise even if Black Deat
you only have five or ten minutes free.
Spectral
At the same time, the symbols below allow you to
Meanwhil
develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. ghosts. Th
Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare at Farringd
a class or classes around a common theme. pieces by h
Sarah Whi
Philip, was
Photo by Tzortzis searching
said to vis
death11 in
a noisy –bu
Exercise (at the end Speaking extension.
of the magazine). Test A question aimed at Follow
and consolidate what provoking a group
you have learned. discussion of the 1
the world
topic in question. the world
2
in New Yo
macabre;
‘track pizz
3
to be mea
posed to b
4
to dig (dig
5
to run into
– encounter
Downloadable audio This arrow directs you 6
plague pi
file (see also audio to other related articles Photo by Sunil060902

scripts). There are in the magazine.

69-70 23 6
recommendations on
how best to use the
audio files on p. 87.

ABBREVIATIONS KEY
These are the only
abbreviations you
have to know to use
Listening extension this magazine:
(Internet). Once you’ve sb. = somebody
learned the basic sth. = something
vocabulary of a topic, swh. = somewhere
why not listen to [U] = uncountable noun
further discussions? [C] = countable noun

4 | YES 4
Metro systems the world over attract the suicidal.
Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’
to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself
under a Tube train. 2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations
attract the most suicides.
FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text
refer to the footnotes at the bottom
or at the side of the same page. The
footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-
lary as determined by our non-native
proofreaders. Like you, these proof-
readers are learners so they are able
to identify the exact words you need
to know to understand the sentence.
Definitions are given in English, so that
you learn to think in English and these
definitions are then checked by the
non-native proofreaders to ensure that
you will understand them. Some words
are defined by pictures: we use these
visual stimuli when that is the best way
to fix an idea in your memory. Read
the definition or look at the illustration
and then re-read the sentence in ques-
tion. By working with English-language
footnotes you will rapidly increase
your vocabulary and learn how English
words relate to each other, all of
which will have a dramatic impact on
1
your fluency and self-confidence .
Some readers find it useful to put
their finger next to the word in the
article that they are looking for in the
footnotes to make it easier to return Photo by Sunil060902
to the text afterwards. Either way, it
69-70 shouldn’t
23 be6 difficult to find your place
because the footnotes are numbered
and the words are highlighted in bold.
Notice that the syllables and words that
should be stressed2 are underlined.
Red footnotes give extra cultural
(rather than linguistic) information,
or they refer you to other articles.
Photo by Fish Gravy
The Great Pestilence
There was meant to be3 a Tube station at Muswell Hill
in North London. Unfortunately, when they started dig-
ging4 underground they ran into5 a massive plague pit6
– hundreds of skeletons of people who had died of the
Black Death.
Spectral Stations
Meanwhile7, four stations are all said to be haunted8 by
ghosts. The ‘Screaming Spectre’ of Anne Naylor appears
at Farringdon Station. She was murdered and cut into
pieces by her mistress9 in 1758. Bank Station is home to
Sarah Whitehead’s ghost. She was a nun10 whose brother,
Philip, was executed in 1811. Her phantom is supposedly
Photo by Tzortzis searching for him. The spirit of actor William Terriss is
said to visit Convent Garden Tube. He was stabbed to
death11 in 1897. Finally, Elephant & Castle is said to have
a noisy –but invisible– ghost.
Follow-on: www.underground-history.co.uk
1
the world over – all around for victims of the Bubonic
the world Plague
2
in New York they are more 7
meanwhile – at the same time
macabre; the term there is 8
to haunt – (of ghosts) frequent
‘track pizza’! 9
mistress – (in this case)
3
to be meant to be – be sup- female boss, lady in whose
posed to be house one works as a servant
4
to dig (dig-dug-dug) – excavate 10
nun – religious woman who
5
to run into (run-ran-run) typically lives in a convent
– encounter 11
to stab sb. to death – kill sb.
6
plague pit – common grave with a dagger/knife
YES 1 | 37
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)
2
to stress sth. – emphasize, underline

Consonants Pure Vowels Dipthongs

PHONEMIC /ʧ/ as in church, watch
SYMBOLS /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action
/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture
/æ/ as in cat /iə/ as in ear, here
/ʌ/ as in cut
/ə/ as in occur, supply,
/eə/ as in air, there

Here are the phonemic /ʒ/ as in measure, vision aroma

symbols that we use /j/ as in yes /ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn
which might cause you /θ/ as in thick, path /ɔ:/ as in court, warn
problems. /ð/ as in this, breathe
/ŋ/ as in sing

YES 4 | 5
CURRENT
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION
7 What should the minimum age for

AFFAIRS
using a lethal weapon be?

8 For more on the lady pirates watch:

http://goo.gl/XE4FU
This section of the magazine offers short news
What’s the most embarrassing
stories organized thematically:
mistake you’ve ever made?

9 How important is a company’s name

7 News to its success in your country?
- a couple of serious news stories
from around the world 12 For more on English cannibalism in Virginia, watch:
8 Language News http://goo.gl/eEr7b
- news from the world of linguistics
and language learning 16 There’s an interesting mini-documentary
9 Names News on The Feminine Mystique at:
- some interesting bits of information that http://goo.gl/FvKOc
have emerged recently regarding names
10 Science News: Health
- the results of the latest medical research
11 Science News: Physiology
- the most recent physiological
discoveries as a lead-in to pp.30-38
12 Archaeology News
- keep up with the past!
EXERCISE 3

14 Internet News
- is e-connection replacing face-to-face
interaction? How smart are Smartphones?

16 Society: A Masculine Eclipse?

- the crisis of Western manhood
EXERCISE 28

17 Economics: the Birth of Consumer Research

- How a Viennese laundry changed
the way we do business
18 Economics: Marketing to Gen Y
- rip up the marketing rule book!
19 Behavioural Economics: it’s
all about experience
- the psychology of the Gen-Y consumer
EXERCISE 27

6 | YES 4
Science news | HEALTH

A FOOLPROOF1 DIET
In Yes2 we presented you with 10 scientifically proven
cannabis users have a lower risk of developing diabetes
than those who do not smoke the drug. In part, this may
be because potheads15 are on average16 slimmer17
ways to lose weight. Now a team from the University than those who don’t smoke dope18, though an active
at Buffalo, New York, and the University of Vermont ingredient in cannabis – tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) –
has found an even better way to diet. The secret to the may prove useful in future anti-diabetes treatments.
‘dull2 diet’ is deceptively3 simple: monotony. Identify a
balance meal and then eat the same thing every day. In
tests people whose diet was monotonously boring ate
100 fewer calories per meal than they otherwise would.
In evolutionary terms the human diet was presumably
rather4 repetitive. We probably evolved to guzzle on5
unusual food because it would offer nutritional benefits.
Unfortunately, the same mechanism can lead to6 obesity
in a society in which endless varieties of food exist.

LESS FIZZ7 & MORE BUZZ8

TO AVOID DIABETES
Research from Imperial College London suggests that
drinking just one fizzy9 drink a day can significantly
increase the risk of suffering from late-onset diabetes10.
The research which analyzed the habits of 28,000 Euro-
peans found that those who drank a can11 of carbonated
soft drink a day or more had a 22% greater probability
of developing type-2
diabetes than those who
drank one can a month
or fewer. Even when the
weight gain caused by
the consumption of fizzy
drinks was taken into Photo by David Osado

account12, those who

drank a can a day or more
were 18% more likely
to suffer13 from diabetes
later in life. It seems that
sugary drinks alter our
resistance to insulin.
Meanwhile14, a US
study has found that
LIVING THE HIGH LIFE
Research from Switzerland has found that those who live on
the ground floor19 of tower blocks are 40% more likely
to die20 of lung21 cancer and 35% more likely to die of
heart disease22 than those who live on the eighth floor or
higher. Since23 most modern blocks have lifts24, the differ-
ence is probably due to25 air quality. The only form of death
Photo by Simon Cousins that was more likely for those living high up was suicide.

1
foolproof – infallible taking narcotics probability of suffering – have a 40% greater probability
2
dull – boring, monotonous 9
fizzy – carbonated 14
meanwhile – at the same time of dying
3
deceptively – misleadingly, (in 10
late-onset diabetes – 15
pothead – sb. who consumes 21
lung (adj.) – pulmonary
this case) surprisingly type-2 diabetes marijuana 22
heart disease – coronary
4
rather – quite, surprisingly 11
can – 16
on average – typically illness
5
to guzzle on – eat a lot of 12
to take into account 17
slimmer – thinner, less fat 23
since – (in this case) given
6
to lead to (lead-led-led) – result (take-took-taken) – take 18
dope – pot, marijuana that, as
in into consideration 19
ground floor – storey at street 24
lift (UK English) – elevator
7
fizz – bubbles in drinks 13
were 18% more likely to level (US English)
8
buzz – feeling of euphoria from suffer – had an 18% higher 20
are 40% more likely to die 25
due to – because of

10 | YES 4
3
 46 Psychology: a body of lies – the

CULTURE
This section of the magazine offers...
21-24 Travel: Croatia – Lois visits the EU’s
newest member and finds out that
the Croatians have an excellent grasp of English
EXERCISE 33
25-27 Language: are you learning English
or are you learning Effle?
What’s wrong with classroom English?
EXERCISE 30
28 Sports: assess the ref
- some of the greatest refereeing
failures in the history of sport
EXERCISE 7
misinterpretation of body language
48 Music: Joseph Pujol at the Moulin Rouge
49 Food Banks: a sign of the times
50 Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs – the Antarctic Fox
EXERCISE 23
52 Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath
54 Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott
EXERCISE 34
58 Cinema: Will Smith
EXERCISE 18
62 What goes wrong in translation?
EXERCISE 26
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION
45 Watch this excellent documentary – Hair
India – on how inequality is reflected
in the world of hair extensions:
http://goo.gl/VnVGD

INVOLUNTARY-BODY DOSSIER
30 Hiccupping: one man’s life sentence
46 Here’s an interesting TED talk on body language:
http://goo.gl/VWKtN
31 Burping: cultural myths
49 There’s loads on food banks on YouTube
32 Yawning: more contagious than Ebola!
but this short documentary from
33 Sneezing: don’t look into the light
the US is a good place to start:
34 Laughter: some serious benefits
http://goo.gl/2tKkw
35 Smiling & Frowning: from the cradle
to the grave
36 Flatulence: farting laws and fish
that use farting to communicate
37 Scratching & itching: pleasure and pain
38 Blushing: mixed messages
EXERCISES 2, 6

Celebrity in painting: why is

39
the Mona Lisa so famous?
EXERCISE 22
Religious bodies: faith, flesh and food
40

FEATURE: HAIR
41 History: a brief history of hairstyling
EXERCISE 20
42 Baldness: what it says about you
43 Beards: the strange case of the
US facial-hair terrorist
EXERCISE 12
44 Wigs: the rise and fall of the hairpiece
45 Hair extensions: stealing from the poor

20 | YES 4
 Hair
The Bald
Truth1
F or many men over the age of 30
(and some quite a bit younger)
baldness2 is the issue3 of their lives.
To be bald means to be middle aged,
over the hill4 . But is all the trauma
justified? Certainly, slapheads 5 face
some discrimination. There is a myth
in Anglo cultures that baldies don’t
get elected to public office – despite
the fact the Churchill and Roosevelt
were bald – and Putin manages
to get ‘re-elected’ again and again
and again!
Photo by Cadet Patrick Caughey
Patrick Stewart
1
the bald truth – the basic/unadorned truth
2
baldness /ˈbɔ:ldnəs/ – having no hair on top
of one’s head
3
issue – (in this case) problem, question
4
to be over the hill – be past one’s prime, be
in decline
5
slaphead – (informal/offensive) bald man
6
hairstyling – hair aesthetics
7
see exercise 21 on p. 124
8
since – (in this case) given that
9
a tad – a little, somewhat, rather
42 | YES 4
Bald men are cleverer and better fathers.
No Time for Baldies
The most hair-obsessed of ancient
peoples were the Assyrians, who are
considered the inventors of hair-
styling6.7 However, they had no time
for slapheads 5 since 8 they associ-
ated baldness with weakness and
impotence; it was associated with
eunuchs. This is ironic because cas-
tration is an effective – if a tad9 radi-
cal – cure for baldness. 10
Sexy Slapheads
However, the idea that the bald-
headed are past it11 is clearly wrong.
Some psychologists believe that
women find bald men attractive
because their lack of12 hair suggests
maturity, they’ll hang around13 and
take care of14 the kids15. Meanwhile,
Frank Skinner in The Times has
suggested that baldness helps keep
10
‘male pattern’ baldness is caused by
testosterone
11
to be past it – be over the hill4, be too old
12
lack of – absence of
13
to hang around (hang-hung-hung) – stay,
not abandon one’s family
14
to take care of (take-took-taken) – care for,
look after
15
kids – (colloquial) children
16
on average – typically
17
to rub – scour, scrape, scratch, abrade
Photo by Marina Carresi
families together by making men
feel less attractive. Bald men are on
average16 cleverer, richer and more
virile than those men who have hair
on their heads. Silverback gorillas
are usually bald and young male
gorillas have been seen to rub17 their
heads against trees, presumably in
an attempt18 to get balder.
The Bad Side of Bald
On the downside 19 , Japanese
research 20 suggests that bald men
are between 30% and 70% more
likely to21 suffer from heart dis-
ease 22 than hirsute 23 men. In any
case, the cold comfort 24 for men
going bald is that they are men. 30%
of women start to experience hair
loss by the age of 40 and baldness is
far more25 traumatic for them.
18
attempt – effort
19
on the downside – on the negative side,
on the other hand
20
research – scientific investigations
21
are more likely to – have a greater proba-
bility of + -ing
22
heart disease – coronary illness
23
hirsute – hairy, who have hair
24
cold comfort – inadequate consolation
25
far more – much more
GRAMMAR
SPEAKING EXTENSION
70 Here is an old Efl classic restaurant sketch:
http://goo.gl/SXGUR
This section of the magazine offers...
AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION
Track 1 Does psychiatry work for people
or for Big Pharma?

Euphemisms: how not to talk about

67 Track 2 In Britain 45% of first marriages end in
involuntary body functions divorce. However, only 31% of second
EXERCISE 5 marriages do. Meanwhile, parents often don’t
get married, while other couples choose not
68 Word Building: compound words to have children. Is the traditional family
formed from -body and body- becoming extinct? If so, does it matter?
EXERCISE 29
Track 3 Tomorrow belongs to her – do women
70 English in Context: Essential Restaurant Talk hold the keys to the future of the West?
EXERCISE 8
Track 5 Describe your perfect home.
Grammar Focus: False as... as... Comparative
72
EXERCISE 4

74 Etymology: an unfinished Ssience

Should we accept all etymologists’ conclusions?

Body Functions & Phrasal Verbs

76
EXERCISE 24

False Friends: nationalities

78
EXERCISE 19

Ancient Peoples in English

79
idioms and expressions
EXERCISE 14

Pronunciation: Euphonization
82
EXERCISE 32

Phonetics: turned script a

84

Subscription Form
85
Picture Description
86

66 | YES 4
 English in
Context

Essential
Restaurant
English
Whether1 you go on holiday abroad2 or you work over
the summer in a hotel, the place you are most likely to
need3 English is in a restaurant. Fortunately, the conversa-
tions between waiters and diners4 are highly predictable.

Magic Words Photo by Marina Carresi

A cursory5 look at the sentences below should con-

vince you that the secret to interacting in a restaurant in Waiter: Good evening.10
English is saying ‘please’, ‘thank you’ and ‘sorry’. There Waiter: Is that a table for four?
is a reason for this. When we interact with strangers6, Waiter: How many will that be, please?
Anglos generally prefer respectful but formal relations Diner: There’s four of us.
between equals. The biggest mistake made by non-Anglo Waiter: Would you follow me please?
diners is to think they are in a position of superiority over Diner: We’d like to sit near the window, please.
their waiter; the biggest mistake made by non-Anglo wait- Waiter: How’s this table for you?11
ers is to be overly7 informal. Of course, you should judge Waiter: I’ll just get you some menus.
each interaction separately and behave8 accordingly, but
respectful formality is the best starting point. Ordering
Clarity when the order is being taken can avoid all sorts
First Contact of problems later on:
First impressions count and you will put the other person Waiter: Are you ready to order?
at their ease9 if you show you understand English during Diner: Could we have a little longer12? We’re not quite
your initial contact: ready yet.
Waiter: Of course, sir.

Waiter: Can I recommend the lemon sole13?

Waiter: How do you like your steak?
Diner: Rare14/medium rare/well done, please.
Diner: Are there any nuts15 in this? I’m allergic.
Waiter: I’m sorry but it seems there’s no lasagna left. Is
there anything else you would like instead16?
Waiter: And what would you like to drink?
Diner: A bottle of mineral water, please.
Waiter: Still17 or sparkling18?
Waiter: So, that’s two beers, a Coke and a sparkling min-
eral water.
Photo by Usien

1
whether – irrespective of customer in a restaurant 10
notice that, however late it 13
lemon sole – (Microstomus
whether (= ‘if’ – but ‘if’ cannot be 5
cursory – quick, superficial is, we only say ‘good night’ kitt) a common flatfish
used before ‘or’) 6
stranger – (false friend) sb. one when we or other people are 14
rare – fried/grilled very little
2
abroad – overseas, in a foreign does not know leaving 15
nuts –
country 7
overly – excessively 11
how’s this table for you? – 16
instead – in sub-
3
are most likely to need – have 8
to behave – act, conduct would this table be satisfactory stitution for that
the greatest probability of oneself for you? 17
still – with no
needing 9
to put sb. at their ease (put- 12
a little longer – a little more bubbles
4
diner /ˈdainər/ – (in this case) put-put) – make sb. feel relaxed time 18
sparkling – fizzy, with bubbles

70 | YES 4
8 15
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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions
of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: YES NO. 4 TRACK LIST
A more limited vocabulary is generally used
and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Mini-debates (33m10s)
Moreover1, spoken English uses many more 1. Is psychiatry inventing spurious
incomplete or badly constructed sentences. disorders? (12m19s)
On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech. 2. What is a family? (10m58s)
3. Is the West experiencing a
‘masculine eclipse’? (9m52s)
HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS
Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts: 4. Pronunciation (4m02s)

Before you listen we recommend that you read through Monologues:

1 the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). My Perfect Home (12m46s)
This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you 5. Monologue 1 [US English] (2m47s)
to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen. 6. Monologue 2 [Irish English] (3m38s)
7. Monologue 3 [Anglo-Welsh] (3m58s)
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to 8. Monologue 4 [British English] (2m21s)
2 understand everything; listening practice should
not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much 9. Phonetics (1m19s)
meaning you can extract from the recording.
Mini-dialogues (19m51s)
Listen more times going back to the footnotes 10. The Anniversary Trip (5m31s)
3 to integrate the information you have. 11. The 2x4s Ain’t 4x4 (9m43s)
12. Home Delivery (4m35s)
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
4 13. Euphonization (0m55s)

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again. 14. Picture Description (4m25s)
5
15. Essential Restaurant Talk (2m23s)
Stop each time you get lost or encounter a
6 structure that interests or confuses you. Total time: 1h15m13s

Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.

7
1
moreover – what’s more, furthermore
Two or three days later, listen to the text again without
8 reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
2
footnotes – notes at the bottom
of the page (in this box)
3
subject (n.) – (in this context) theme
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will
4
painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant
5
to improve – get better
eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the 6
eventually – (false friend) in the end
spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy! 7
to relate – associate, connect, link

YES 4 | 87
AUDIO SCRIPTS
Mini-Debates
1. Debate 1
(12m19s)
Is psychiatry inventing spurious1 disorders2? The psychiatric profession
stands accused of making up3 mental illnesses so that pharmaceutical
companies can sell more drugs4. Are we popping too many pills5?
Englishman (EM): Right, well, the
American Psychiatric Association
have just recently6 published the
latest7 version of the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disor-
der2 which is a sort8 of bible of psy-
chiatric care. This book has a – sort
of9 – interesting history because
it was… in the 1950s it was ring-
bound10 thing with a – y’know11 –
couple of entries and now it’s huge
great big12 tome with thousands and
thousands of illnesses. And, I mean13,
there’s a number of new ones again
this year in the new volume. And
according to the last volume, one in
six Americans was mentally ill, 48
million, presumably that will jump
up14 now with the new illnesses. Are
these illnesses? I mean13, if you get to
a point where 50% of the population
can be defined as mentally ill, does
mental illness have any meaning?
American man (AM): Well, I think
this manual that they have and that
1
spurious – bogus, false
2
disorder – (in this case) psychological
problem
3
to make up (make-made-made) – invent
4
(pharmaceutical) drugs – (in this case)
pharmaceutical products
5
to pop pills – take tablets
6
just recently – (emphatic) recently
7
latest – most recent
8
sort – kind, type
9
sort of – (pause filler) kind of, like, I mean,
y’know
88 | YES 4
 (33m10s)
they publish themselves, they have
people who are psychologists 15 that
invent – I would say – these new ill-
nesses, they invent them so that they
can use them to diagnose patients
and have more patients and in order
to sell more drugs4. Apparently, if an
illness is not defined in this manual
then they cannot diagnose someone
with that illness…
EM: Oh, right.
AM: …and therefore they can’t pre-
scribe drugs4 to them.
Englishwoman (EW): But can they
actually16 invent an illness or do they
just basically17 define a condition?
EM: Well, let’s have a look at some
of the new ones that have gone into
the latest book. There’s hoarding18
disorder2, which means that you find
it difficult to get rid of19 possessions,
you’re addicted to having stuff20.
There’s21 also television programmes
to back that one up22. I’m not quite
sure what the pills are for that, but…
10
ring-bound –
11
y’know – (pause filler) kind
of, sort of, I mean, like
12
huge great big –
(emphatic/colloquial)
enormous
13
I mean – (pause filler) like,
y’know, kind of, sort of
14
to jump up – increase significantly
15
he means ‘psychiatrists’
16
actually – (false friend) really
17
just basically – (emphatic) basically
EW: But different… I mean13, every-
body has… there’s a line, isn’t there?
EM: It’s a continuum.
EW: That you can have a little bit…
EM: Sure.
EW: But do they actually16 define
what is… when it’s a serious…
EM: I don’t know the details. I’ll just23
give you a couple more. There’s inter-
net disorder2…
Irishman (IM): I’ve got that.
EM: …which is being addicted to
computers. Yeah, fine, OK. There’s
binge-eating24 disorder2.
EW: I’ve got that.
EM: There’s hyper-sexual disorder2,
which means you’re addicted to sex.
I don’t know what pills they have for
that.
AM: But these are new?
EM: These are new ones apparently
for this latest edition. Y’know11, you’d
think they probably already had those
in there. But I mean13, you get 48 mil-
lion Americans as mentally ill even
without those new ones.
AM: Well, those numbers are good
for them and good for the pharma-
ceutical business. I mean13, the more
patients you have the more money
you make.
IM: It’s basically a racket25.
EM: But, so what is mental illness?
AM: Very good question.
18
hoarding – the excessive accumulation of
things
19
to get rid of (get-got-got) – discard, throw
away, eliminate
20
stuff – (informal) possessions, belongings
21
there’s – (informal) there are
22
to back sth. up – support sth., make sth.
more convincing
23
just – (in this case) quickly
24
binge-eating – eating an excessive quan-
tity of food in one meal, compulsive eating
25
racket – fraudulent scheme, swindle
11 66
EXERCISES
PAGE EXERCISE
112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify
most of the objects and actions illustrated in the
footnotes of this issue.
2. Following on from the article on p. 33, here is
a Victorian rhyme for predicting the future from
your sneezing! See if you can fill the gaps.
113 3. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles
to the news, language and science articles on
pp. 7-13?
4. Grammar Focus: fill the gaps in this false-
comparatives exercise (pp. 72-73).
5. Euphemisms: match the euphemisms to their
meanings (p. 67).
114 6. Word Search: find words relating to involuntary
body functions (pp. 30-38).
115 7. Homophones: replace the homophones so that
this excerpt about the history of football referees
makes sense (pp. 28-29).
8. See how well you absorbed the English in
Context material about essential restaurant
English (pp. 70-71).
116 9. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
117 10. Sentence transformation for general syntax
revision of structures from this issue.
118 11. Debates: listening comprehension for audio
tracks 1-3
119 12. Too many words: find the unnecessary words
in this extract about beards from p. 43.
13. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This
relates to the whole magazine.
120 14. Idioms: complete the sentences with names of
ancient peoples from pp. 79-81.
15. Pronunciation round-up: review the difficult
words from the footnotes.
121 16. Word game: test your vocabulary and
understanding of English morphology
PAGE EXERCISE
122 17. Phrasal Verbs Round-up: how many new
phrasal verbs have you learned this month?
18. Cinema: a quiz relating to Will Smith
(pp. 58-61).
123 19. False Friends: test how well you have
understood p. 78.
20. False Friends Round-Up: review the false
friends identified in the footnotes.
124 21. Prepositions: fill the gaps in this text
about Assyrian hairstyles with the correct
prepositions (p. 41).
22. Internet Listening: test your listening
comprehension of this fascinating talk about
art (p. 39).
125 23. Reading comprehension: an exercise relating
to pp. 50-51.
24. Phrasal verbs: revise the multi-word verbs
from pp. 76-77.
126 25. Dialogues: a listening comprehension on
tracks 10-12 (pp. 102-109)
26. Translation: correct this real example of
broken English from Lisbon.
127 27. Economics: a varied exercise relating to
pp. 17-19?
28. Wordplay: another word game relating to the
Society article on p. 16.
128 29. Word Building: complete these sentences with
compound ‘body’ words from pp. 68-69.
30. A multiple-choice reading-comprehension
exercise relating to pp. 25-27.
129 31. Listening comprehension for the monologues
(audio tracks 5-8, pp. 98-102).
32. Pronunciation: practise your euphonization.
(pp. 82-83).
130 33. map exercise: a bit of topography relating to
the travel article (pp. 21-24).
34. Poetry: use the rhyme scheme to complete
these stanzas from the poem analyzed on
pp. 54-57.
131-133 ANSWERS
YES 4 | 111
12. Facial Hair. Read the article on p. 43 and answer the following questions:

1. What, according to the article, does the popularity of beards represent?

2. Why would we therefore expect the Ancient Greeks to favour beards?
3. Why did Alexander the Great’s soldiers and Roman soldiers shave their beards?
4. Why were beards banned in the British army in World War I?

ii. Below we reproduce the last section on p. 43: ‘The US Hair Terrorist’. However, there is an unnecessary word in each
line. Indentify it and write it on the right. Don’t look back at the article until after you have finished the exercise:

When Lincoln was being elected in 1860 he was the first bearded US 1..............................................................................................
President. A Democrat named with Valentine Tapley had sworn 2.............................................................................................
that he would never shave himself again if Lincoln became president 3.............................................................................................
and, by the time of Tapley’s death in 1910, his own beard was 4............................................................................................
around four metres long. The USA hasn’t had a new bearded 5.............................................................................................
President for 120 years despite of a series of them in the second 6............................................................................................
half of the 19th Century.

In February of 2013 an Amish leader in Ohio, Samuel Mullet, was 7.............................................................................................

jailed for 15 years prison for organizing the kidnapping of 8............................................................................................
dissident members of his community and too cutting their hair 9............................................................................................
and beards off. 15 of Mullet’s followers were jailed up for lesser 10..........................................................................................
terms for carrying out his orders. The married Amish men are 11............................................................................................
expected to grow beards, so that the attacks were a symbolic castration. 12...........................................................................................

13. US vs. UK. Throughout the magazine we highlight variety-specific vocabulary in the footnotes. See if you can
complete this chart with the missing terms:

UK English US English page/footnote reference

1 crayfish (p. 8, n. 4)
2 elevator (p. 10, n. 24)
3 fetus (p. 30, n. 4)
4 laughter lines (p. 35, n. 10)
5 blusher (p. 38, n. 32)
6 wait in line (p. 39, n. 12)
7 name sth. for sb. (p. 48, n. 4)
8 full stop (p. 65, n. 6)
9 bodysuit (p. 69, n. 4)
10 behaviour (p. 77, n. 10)
11 Holstein cow (p. 79, n. 7)
12 cooker (p. 98, n. 182)
13 smack-bang (p. 99, n. 197)
14 zucchini (p. 101, n. 238)
15 cutlery (p. 103, n. 286)
16 a tin (p. 104, n. 295)
17 gaol (p. 104, n. 296)

YES 4 | 119
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134 | YES 4
In the Next Issue of
Your English Supplement

Let’s get cerebral:

YOUR
BRILLIANT
BRAIN
How to be Intelligent:
- Emotional intelligence,
- Artificial intelligence and
- The benefits of stupidity

The process of thrombosis:

- Jill Bolt Taylor’s Stroke of Insight

Aware of being conscious:

- What is consciousness and
do we really have it?
- My brain made me do it –
criminality and consciousness
- Are animals conscious?

The first sign of madness:

- Talking to ourselves: the
conversation in our heads

Left hemisphere, Cinema Poetry

right hemisphere: Charlize Theron – Blake’s The Tyger: children’s poem
- Does your brain determine the South African chameleon or revolutionary philosophy?
your politics?

This is the end:

- Thoughts after death

Plus loads more stuff on economics, internet, science,

news, language etc. which we haven’t decided yet!
SUDÁN DEL SUR, 2012 © SHANNON JENSEN