17-Extended Fem Final

The eXtended Finite Element Method
Code_Aster, Salome-Meca course material

GNU FDL licence (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
Outline
Motivation
Theoretical aspects
Level Sets Method
X-FEM enrichments
Application to code_aster
Crack definition (Level Sets)
Enriched Finite Elements (X-FEM)
Post-processing in fracture mechanics
Visualisation
Advanced tools
Mesh refinement
Crack propagation
2 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Outline
Motivation
Theoretical aspects
Level Sets Method
X-FEM enrichments
Visualisation
Advanced tools
Mesh refinement
Crack propagation

Motivation
Goals
Study of cracked structures without explicitly meshing crack
Automatic crack propagation on a single mesh
Finite Element Method (FEM)

Crack is explicitly meshed
A long time (human intervention) is needed to mesh complex
structures
Re-meshing is required if changing the crack geometry
(parametric study) or position (propagation)
eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM)

Simple mesh (does not respect the crack geometry)
Unique mesh for entire propagation process
Simple extension of FEM (relatively suitable for
implementation in a EF software)
Outline
Motivation
Theoretical aspects
Level Sets Method
X-FEM enrichments
Visualisation
Advanced tools
Mesh refinement
Crack propagation

Representation of interface by level set
Main idea: interface = iso-zero of a “distance function”

In mechanics: used for modelling interfaces between materials,
edges, voids, cracks
LS > 0
LS = 0
LS < 0
Iso-values of LS for a spherical

interface

Representation of crack by level sets
2 level sets
are needed

x
LSN(x)
Crack
plane
LST(x) (LSN = 0)
Crack
(LSN = 0  LST < 0)
Iso-values of LST
Iso-zero of LSN

X-FEM enrichment
X-FEM = Two enrichments
Enrichment with a Heaviside function to represent a discontinuous field (displacement
jump) across the interface
NB : The actual formulation is more complex but not detailed here for the sake of simplicity
Enrichment with asymptotic functions near the crack tip
Heaviside Asymptotic
Classical part enrichment enrichment
(continuous) (discontinuous) (singular)
u(x)   ai Ni (x)   bi Ni (x) H  x    c1,4

i Ni  x B  r ,  
1,4
i i i
Finite elements enriched with      

Heaviside function B   r sin , r cos , r sin sin  , r cos sin  
 2 2 2 2 
Finite elements enriched with
1  lsn 
asymptotic functions (~r) where r  lsn  lst ,   tan  
2 2
(signed distance functions)
 lst 

Outline
Motivation
Theoretical aspects
Level Sets Method
X-FEM enrichments
Visualisation
Advanced tools
Mesh refinement
Crack propagation

Crack Definition (Level sets)
« sane » mesh Mesh
Definition of a crack (or an interface) with the

command DEFI_FISS_XFEM Crack definition
(level sets)
Choice of the mesh
Choice of a crack or a interface
Definition of the crack or the interface with level sets Finite Element
Enrichment
Definition of the enrichment zone (optional)
Definition of the type of enrichment (optional)
Computation
Resolution
Post-processing
SIF,
propagation
Visualisation

Choice of a mesh
Crack definition
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA, (level sets)
…
) Finite Element
Enrichment
The sane mesh is provided via the keyword MAILLAGE (mandatory)

Computation
Level sets will be computed at all the nodes of this mesh Resolution
Post-processing
SIF,
propagation
Visualisation

Choice of a crack (fissure in French) or an interface

Crack definition
(level sets)
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA,
TYPE_DISCONTINUITE = / 'FISSURE', [DEFAULT]
/ 'INTERFACE' Finite Element
Enrichment
)
Computation
A crack An interface Resolution
Post-processing
SIF,
propagation
Visualisation

Choice of a crack (fissure in French) or an interface

Crack definition
(level sets)
TYPE_DISCONTINUITE = / 'FISSURE',
Finite Element
/ 'INTERFACE'
Enrichment
DEFI_FISS=_F()
)
Computation
Level sets defined under the keyword DEFI_FISS Resolution
4 available methods:
Analytical functions Post-processing
Pre-defined geometries (only this method is SIF,
Projection onto group of elements propagation
employed in this workshop)
Lecture of pre-computed LSN and LST fields
Visualisation

Method 1: analytical functions

Crack definition
LSN=FORMULE(NOM_PARA=('X','Y','Z'),VALE='Z-H') (level sets)
LST=FORMULE(NOM_PARA=('X','Y','Z'),VALE=‘Y-a')
Finite Element
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA, Enrichment
DEFI_FISS=_F( FONC_LN=LSN, z y
FONC_LT=LST,), H x
…
) Computation
a Resolution
 Rapidity
Post-processing
 Formula of LSN and LST not available for SIF,
propagation
complex crack geometries
Formula of LSN and LST are available only for very simple crack Visualisation
geometries

Method 2: pre-defined geometries

Crack definition
FORM_FISS = SIMP ( (level sets)
# type of cracks :
3d : "ELLIPSE","CYLINDRE","DEMI_PLAN" (half-plane),“RECTANGLE“
Finite Element
Enrichment
Computation
Resolution
Post-processing
SIF,
propagation
2d : "DEMI_DROITE","SEGMENT","ENTAILLE"
Visualisation

Method 2: pre-defined geometries

Crack definition
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA, (level sets)
DEFI_FISS=_F( FORM_FISS='ELLIPSE',
DEMI-GRAND_AXE = 0.4,
Half major axis Finite Element
DEMI-PETIT_AXE = 0.2, Enrichment
Half minor axis
CENTRE = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
Direction of major axis
VECT_X = (0. , 1. , 0.2 ),
Direction of minor axis
VECT_Y = (-1., 0. , 0.4 ), Computation
 Low risk of user error ))
Resolution
 Rapidity
Post-processing
 Automatic crack front SIF,
orientation propagation
This method is highly recommended

If a crack geometry is not available in the catalogue, propose a new Visualisation
development to the code_aster team

Method 3: projection onto groups of elements

Crack definition
(level sets)
DEFI_FISS=_F( GROUP_MA_FISS=‘MA_FISS’, Finite Element
GROUP_MA_FOND=‘MA_FOND’), Enrichment
…)
Computation
Resolution
Groups of 2D elements : MA_FISS z y Post-processing

H x SIF,
propagation
 Capability of building complex cracks
a
Time consuming
Visualisation
Groups of 1D elements : MA_FOND

Method 4: lecture of a pre-computed LSN and LST

fields Crack definition
(level sets)
TBLSN=LIRE_TABLE(UNITE=38,
Finite Element
FORMAT='ASTER', Enrichment
NUME_TABLE=1,
SEPARATEUR=' ',
TITRE='level set normale',) Computation
Resolution
CHLSN=CREA_CHAMP(OPERATION='EXTR',TABLE=TBLSN,
TYPE_CHAM='NOEU_NEUT_R',MAILLAGE=MAILLAG1) Post-processing
SIF,
… propagation
DEFI_FISS=_F( CHAM_NO_LSN=CHLSN,
Visualisation
CHAM_NO_LST=CHLST),
…)

Crack Definition (Level sets) advanced
Definition of enrichment zone

Restriction of the crack definition zone with GROUP_MA_ENRI Crack definition
(level sets)
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA, Finite Element

DEFI_FISS=_F(GROUP_MA_FISS=‘MA_FISS’, Enrichment
GROUP_MA_FOND=‘MA_FOND’),
GROUP_MA_ENRI = ‘M_LEFT’,
…) Computation
Crack extension Resolution
crack
(un-intentional)
optional keyword Post-processing

SIF,
propagation
‘M_LEFT’, ‘M_RIGHT’, Visualisation
Extension of the crack

front

Crack Definition (Level sets) advanced
Definition of the type of enrichment

Crack definition
(level sets)
DEFI_FISS=_F(GROUP_MA_FISS=‘MA_FISS’,
GROUP_MA_FOND=‘MA_FOND’), Finite Element
Enrichment
GROUP_MA_ENRI = ‘M_VOL’,
TYPE_ENRI_FOND = / 'TOPOLOGIQUE' [DEFAULT]
/ 'GEOMETRIQUE'
Computation
Resolution
TOPOLOGIQUE GEOMETRIQUE
optional keyword Post-processing
SIF,
propagation
Visualisation
RAYON_ENRI / NB_COUCHES
# Crack definition Maillage
Mesh
FISS = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE = MAILLA,

...
DEFI_FISS=_F(...),) Crack
Définition
definition
de la
fissure
(level
(level
sets)
sets)
# Sane model definition Enrichissement

Finite Element
MOD_SAIN = AFFE_MODELE(MAILLAGE = MAILLA, des
Enrichment
éléments
... finis
AFFE = _F(...),)
Available modelisations: 3D, C_PLAN, D_PLAN, AXIS Computation

Calcul -
Résolution
Resolution
Linear or Quadratic elements
The crack and the sane model must be defined on the same mesh Post-processing
Post-traitement
FICs,SIF,
critère
propagation
Visualisation

# Crack definition Maillage
Mesh
FISS = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE = MAILLA,

...
DEFI_FISS=_F(...),) Crack
Définition
definition
de la
fissure
(level
(level
sets)
sets)
# Sane model definition Enrichissement

Finite Element
MOD_SAIN = AFFE_MODELE(MAILLAGE = MAILLA, des
Enrichment
éléments
... finis
AFFE = _F(...),)
Computation
Calcul -
# Creation of a model with enriched elements (X-FEM) Résolution
Resolution
MOD_FISS=MODI_MODELE_XFEM(MODELE_IN = MOD_SAIN,
FISSURE = FISS)
Post-processing
Post-traitement
FICs,SIF,
critère
FISSURE accepts also a list MOD_SAIN is the sane model propagation
of cracks / interfaces FISS is the crack
Visualisation
MOD_FISS must be used from now on (loadings, material…)

Resolution
Maillage
Mesh
Computation for non-linear studies in quasi-

static : STAT_NON_LINE, MECA_STATIQUE, Crack
Définition
definition
de la
fissure
(level
(level
sets)
sets)
THER_LINEAIRE
Enrichissement
Finite Element
RESU=STAT_NON_LINE(CHAM_MATER=CHAMPMAT, des
Enrichment
éléments
No new keyword: finis
EXCIT=(_F(CHARGE=CH1,),),
MODELE=MOD_FISS, The crack is known
via the model
… Computation
Calcul -
(enrich elements)
SOLVEUR=_F(METHODE='MUMPS')) Résolution
Resolution
if contact on crack faces: MUMPS Post-processing

Post-traitement
FICs,SIF,
critère
solver
propagation
Visualisation

Resolution
Focus on the sub-element cutting process

Context: numerical integration of rigidity terms and right-hand side force terms for
elements cut by the crack
On an element cut through by the crack, the integrand might be discontinuous
Numerical integration with Gauss method on the whole element is not possible
Solution: sub-element cutting (only for integration purpose)
K e    Bt DBde with B  i   j  H k  F   k F   ,   1,4

e  
K e     Bt DBd se
sub elements se

Maillage
Mesh
Idem for meshed cracks (FEM)

POST_K1_K2_K3 Crack
Définition
definition
de la
CALC_G fissure
(level
(level
sets)
sets)
PK=POST_K1_K2_K3( MODELISATION='3D', Enrichissement

Finite Element
MATER=ACIER, des
Enrichment
éléments
FISSURE = FISS, finis
RESULTAT = UTOT1,
NB_POINT_FOND = 15, Limit the post-
ABSC_CURV_MAXI = 0.3) processing on few Computation
Calcul -
Résolution
Resolution
points along the crack
TABFIC=CALC_G(RESULTAT=RESU, front
OPTION='CALC_K_G',  reduction of the
THETA=_F(FISSURE=FISS, Post-processing
Post-traitement
oscillations
FICs,SIF,
critère
R_INF=0.1,
propagation
R_SUP=0.3,
NB_POINT_FOND = 15))
Visualisation

Post- processing for visualisation
Impossible to visualise the crack opening on the computational

mesh (sane mesh)
Need for a visualisation tool

Post- processing for visualisation
Maillage
Mesh
Creation of a mesh for visualisation purpose

Creation of result fields on this mesh Crack
Définition
fissure
definition
(level
de la
(level
sets)
sets)
MA_VISU = POST_MAIL_XFEM( MODELE = MOD_FISS) Finite

Enrichissement
Elements
des
Enrichment
éléments
MO_VISU = AFFE_MODELE(MAILLAGE = MA_VISU, AFFE=_F(…)) finis
RES_VISU = POST_CHAM_XFEM( MODELE_VISU = MO_VISU, Computation

Calcul -
RESULTAT = RESU) Résolution
Resolution
IMPR_RESU(RESU=_F(RESULTAT = RES_VISU))
Post-processing
Post-traitement
FICs,SIF,
critère
propagation
Visualisation

Outline
Motivation
Theoretical aspects
Level Sets Method
X-FEM enrichments
Visualisation
Advanced tools
Mesh refinement
Crack propagation

Mesh refinement
Stress is proportional to 1/r, with r the distance to the

crack front
For both crack representations using FEM or X-FEM, mesh
needs to be fine enough for accurate SIF computation
Importance of the mesh refinement near the crack front
r y

x
von Mises stresses near crack tip

Mesh refinement
A “sane” mesh needs to be refined before launching the FE
analysis (adaptation a priori)
Refinement near the crack tip (2D) or near the crack front ( 3D)
Automatic operation using the distance to the crack front (computed by level sets)
Only elements nearest to the crack from are refined

Automatic mesh refinement loop
Refined “sane” mesh X-FE analysis SIFs
Initial
“sane” Level sets
mesh
Refinement
Distance to
software
the crack-front
(HOMARD)

Mesh refinement in Code_Aster
Refinement parameters (python)

mesh = LIRE_MAILLAGE()
Level sets computation on the initial mesh Parameters (python)

(DEFI_FISS_XFEM)
crack = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(…)
Computation of the refinement criteria

(RAFF_XFEM) error = RAFF_XFEM(…)
refmesh =
Mesh refinement (MACR_ADAP_MAIL) MACR_ADAP_MAIL(…)

Refinement parameters
h0: mesh size in the area of interest mesh = LIRE_MAILLAGE()
hC: mesh size after refinement → hC ≈ a/20 (a: crack’s

depth) Parameters (python)
Calculation of the refinement number

ln ℎ0 − ln(ℎ𝐶 ) crack = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(…)
𝑛𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑓 = 𝐸 𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑛 =
ln(2)
Real number of iterations for adaption loop

error = RAFF_XFEM(…)
𝑛𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑛𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑓 + 1
refmesh =
Calculation of real mesh size after refinement(s)
MACR_ADAP_MAIL(…)
ℎ0
ℎ = 𝑛𝑏
2 𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑓

Level sets computation on the initial mesh
(DEFI_FISS_XFEM) Parameters (python)
FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MODELE=MO,
DEFI_FISS=_F(FORM_FISS = 'ELLIPSE',
DEMI_GRAND_AXE = 2.,
DEMI_PETIT_AXE = 2., crack = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(…)
CENTRE = (0.,0.,0.),
VECT_X = (1.,0.,0.),
VECT_Y = (0.,1.,0.),),
GROUP_MA_ENRI='CUBE') error = RAFF_XFEM(…)
refmesh =
MACR_ADAP_MAIL(…)

Computation of the refinement criteria

(RAFF_XFEM) mesh = LIRE_MAILLAGE()
CH_ERR=RAFF_XFEM(TYPE = / ‘DISTANCE’ [DEFAULT]
/ ‘ZONE’, [RECOMMENDED]
FISSURE = FISS, Parameters (python)
RAYON = R, [IF TYPE=‘ZONE’]);
Goal: to localize the area near the crack front

Type = ‘DISTANCE’ crack = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(…)
 Nodes field
r  lsn 2  lst 2
 r = distance to the crack front error = RAFF_XFEM(…)
error  r
 Near crack front, error  0
 Far crack front, error  -
Type = ‘ZONE’ refmesh =
 Elements field MACR_ADAP_MAIL(…)
 1 in the refinement area (radius 𝑅 = 5ℎ (s.32))
0 elsewhere
2D: disk around the crack type
3D: tore around the crack type

Refinement : Homard (MACR_ADAP_MAIL)

RAFF_XFEM → Type = ‘DISTANCE’
MACR_ADAP_MAIL(ADAPTATION='RAFFINEMENT',
CHAM_GD = CH_ERR, Parameters (python)
CRIT_RAFF_PE = 0.1, Refinement of the
USAGE_CMP = ‘RELATIF’, element with the
Percentage of MAILLAGE_N = MA, largest error
elements to be MAILLAGE_NP1 = CO(‘MA2’),) crack = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(…)
refined
error = RAFF_XFEM(…)
RAFF_XFEM → Type = ‘ZONE’
CHAM_GD = CH_ERR, refmesh =
CRIT_RAFF_ABS = 0.5, MACR_ADAP_MAIL(…)
DIAM_MIN = hC,
All elements MAILLAGE_N = MA, To avoid refining
with a value
MAILLAGE_NP1 = CO(‘MA2’),) an element that
greater than 0.5 already reaches
will be refined the target size

MA=LIRE_MAILLAGE()
MO=AFFE_MODELE(MAILLAGE=MA,
AFFE=_F(TOUT=‘OUI’,PHENOMENE='MECANIQUE',
MODELISATION='3D'))
# crack definition
FISS = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MODELE=MO,
DEFI_FISS=_F(FORM_FISS = 'ELLIPSE',
DEMI_GRAND_AXE = 2.,
DEMI_PETIT_AXE = 2.,
CENTRE = (0.,0.,0.),
VECT_X = (1.,0.,0.),
VECT_Y = (0.,1.,0.),),
GROUP_MA_ENRI='CUBE') Possibility to
use python for
# error field
CH_ERR=RAFF_XFEM(FISSURE=FISS)
a loop
# Mesh refinement (call of HOMARD software)

CHAM_GD = CH_ERR,
CRIT_RAFF_PE = 0.1,
TYPE_VALEUR_INDICA='V_RELATIVE',
NOM_CMP_INDICA = 'X1', Refined mesh
MAILLAGE_N = MA,
MAILLAGE_NP1 = CO(‘MA2’),)

Examples of mesh refinement

Fatigue Propagation (constant amplitude)
Computation of fatigue propagation: 3 ingredients
A propagation law (gives the increment of crack advance) common to meshed

and non-meshed
A bifurcation criterion (gives the bifurcation angle)
cracks
An algorithm for the crack update Specific to X-FEM +

level sets framework
Propagation of a 2d crack in a
plate under tension with a hole

Ingredient n°1: propagation law
 C.K eq 
da
Paris’ law
m
dN
C and m : material parameters

1  2 2
Equivalent stress intensity factor K eq  K  K  2 2
K III
1 
I 2 II
Propagation driven by a maximal advance increment : amax
Ingredient n°2: bifurcation criterion
“Maximum Hoop Stress” (Erdogan, Sih)

  2 
1 K  KI 
  2 arctan   I  sign K II     8 
 4  K II  K II  
  

Ingredient n°3: crack update
Crack update = level sets update (X-FEM + level set framework)
3 methods available in Code_Aster for the level sets update

(operator PROPA_FISS)
« naïve » approach: MAILLAGE method
SIMPLEX method Numerical methods for
UPWIND method level set update
GEOMETRIQUE method

Ingredient n°3: crack update

« naïve » approach: MAILLAGE method
level sets update = adding a segment/an elementary
Advance increment: da surface (due to crack advancement) to the crack
bifurcation angle: 
discretization, then computation of level sets by
orthogonal projection of the nodes on this new crack
Initial crack location
Already in DEFI_FISS_XFEM (projection onto groups of
elements)
UPWIND method
Auxiliary regular grid is required for complex geometry
SIMPLEX method More information

No auxiliary regular grid R7.02.12
Robust method
GEOMETIQUE method
Faster than the other techniques and capable of modeling 3D non-planar crack growth.

Propagation of a quarter-disk crack with

automatic mesh adaptation

Conclusion on X-FEM in code_aster (V12)
Behaviour law
linear elasticity, non-linear, elasto-plasticity
Modelisations
plane strain, plane stress, axi-symmetrical, 3D
Loadings
pressure on crack faces; displacement boundary conditions near the
crack (symmetry conditions); rotation, gravity
Contact on crack faces
Finite elements
linear or quadratic
Conclusion on X-FEM in code_aster (V12)
One or multiple crack, crack net, crack branching
Post-processing in fracture mechanics:

CALC_G and POST_K1_K2_K3
Visualisation
displacements and stresses on a “cracked” mesh
Crack propagation (2d, 3d in-plane and out-of-plane)
Modal analysis
References
General user documentation
[U2.05.02] how to use X-FEM
Operator documentation
[U4.82.08] Operator DEFI_FISS_XFEM
[U4.41.11] Operator MODI_MODELE_XFEM
[U4.82.11] Operator PROPA_FISS
[U4.82.21] Operator POST_MAIL_XFEM
[U4.82.22] Operator POST_CHAM_XFEM
General user documentation

[R7.02.12] eXtended Finite Element Method
Propagation and crack

branching

End of presentation
Is something missing or unclear in this document?

Or feeling happy to have read such a clear tutorial?
Please, we welcome any feedbacks about Code_Aster training materials.

Do not hesitate to share with us your comments on the Code_Aster forum
dedicated thread.

Appendix for TP forma05c
X-FEM
DEFI_FISS_XFEM Crack definition

One by crack (level sets)
Finite Element
MODI_MODELE_XFEM Enrichment
Computation
IDEM FEM Resolution
Post-processing
CALC_G, POST_K1_K2_K3 SIF,
propagation
POST_MAIL_XFEM, POST_CHAM_XFEM Visualisation

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The eXtended Finite Element Method

Code_Aster, Salome-Meca course material

2 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

3 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Finite Element Method (FEM)

eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM)

5 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Main idea: interface = iso-zero of a “distance function”

Iso-values of LS for a spherical

6 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

7 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Enrichment with asymptotic functions near the crack tip

u(x)   ai Ni (x)   bi Ni (x) H  x    c1,4

Finite elements enriched with      

8 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

9 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Definition of a crack (or an interface) with the

10 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

The sane mesh is provided via the keyword MAILLAGE (mandatory)

11 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Choice of a crack (fissure in French) or an interface

12 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Choice of a crack (fissure in French) or an interface

13 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Method 1: analytical functions

14 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Method 2: pre-defined geometries

15 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Method 2: pre-defined geometries

This method is highly recommended

16 - Code_Aster and Salome-Meca course material GNU FDL Licence

Method 3: projection onto groups of elements

Groups of 2D elements : MA_FISS z y Post-processing

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Method 4: lecture of a pre-computed LSN and LST

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« sane » mesh Mesh

Definition of enrichment zone

FISS=DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE=MAILLA, Finite Element

optional keyword Post-processing

‘M_LEFT’, ‘M_RIGHT’, Visualisation

Extension of the crack

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« sane » mesh Mesh

Definition of the type of enrichment

FISS = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE = MAILLA,

# Sane model definition Enrichissement

Available modelisations: 3D, C_PLAN, D_PLAN, AXIS Computation

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FISS = DEFI_FISS_XFEM(MAILLAGE = MAILLA,

# Sane model definition Enrichissement

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Computation for non-linear studies in quasi-

if contact on crack faces: MUMPS Post-processing

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Focus on the sub-element cutting process

K e    Bt DBde with B  i   j  H k  F   k F   ,   1,4

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Idem for meshed cracks (FEM)

PK=POST_K1_K2_K3( MODELISATION='3D', Enrichissement

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Impossible to visualise the crack opening on the computational

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