NASALS, LATERAL

&
APPROXIMANTS
 The Nasals

 The flow of the air is obstructed

completely in some parts of the
mouth which causes it unable to
escape through the oral cavity.
However, the velum is lowered which
lets the air to escape through the
nasal cavity.
 There are three kinds of the nasals
depending on which articulator is
blocking the flow of the air.
 Bilabial Nasal
The flow of the air is blocked by upper lip and
lower lip, which then causes the air to escape
through the nasal cavity.
Bilabial Nasal: /m/
 Alveolar Nasal
The flow of the air is blocked by the tongue which
is against the alveolar, which then causes the air
to escape through the nasal cavity.
Alveolar Nasal: /n/
 Velar Nasal
The flow of the air is blocked by the back of the
tongue which is against the velum, which then
causes the air to escape through the nasal cavity.
Velar Nasal: /ŋ/
 The Lateral

 This consonant is different from all other

oral consonants in which the flow of the
air does not escape above the tongue.
Instead, it escapes through the sides of
the tongue since there is a complete
closure above the tongue because the
tip of the tongue is against the alveolar.
 There is only one lateral consonant, which
is the alveolar lateral /l/.
 Alveolar Lateral
The tip of the tongue is against the alveolar, which
then blocks the flow of the air, therefore it can only
escapes through the sides of the tongue.
Alveolar Lateral: /l/
 The Approximants

 These consonants are called The

Approximants since they are
approximately similar to the vowels,
where there is almost no obstruction
to the flow of the air. Some other
books called them as the Semi-
Vowels.
 There are three kinds of the
approximants depending on which
articulator is involved in producing
them.
 Bilabial Approximant
The production of this sound is quite similar to the
production of the vowel /u/. The lips are rounded
and the air escapes continuously through the o-
shaped lips.
Bilabial Approximant: /w/
Post-alveolar Approximant
This sound is mostly not pronounced when it is
placed at the end of a syllable, but it makes the
vowel longer. To produce this sound, the tongue is
rounded and the air escapes above the u-
shaped tongue.
Post-alveolar Approximant: /r/
 Palatal Approximant
The production of this sound is quite similar to the
production of the vowel /i/. The front part of the
tongue is almost against the hard palate.
Palatal Approximant: /j/
What are the names of
the following consonants?
 /m/ = voiced bilabial nasal
 /ð/
 /v/
 /θ/
 /ŋ/
 /j/
 /ʧ/
 /d/
 /Ʒ/
 /r/
 /l/
 /z/
Now please practice
drawing the diagram
showing the production of
the nasals, lateral, and
approximants!
Transcribe the following
words!
 Open = /ƏupƏn/  Veteran  Unlimited
 Decent  Miracle  Ridiculous
 Under  Demolish  Delimitation
 Income  Understand  Miscellaneous
 Missing  Element  Librarian
 Melted  Lovable  Carelessness
 Manner  Government  Inappropriate
 Sorrow  Molecule  Curriculum
 Reckless  Outstanding  Auditorium
 Running  Reported  Miraculous
 Silent  Unity  Inability
 Obey  Happily  Curiosity