Chapter 3

Trigonometric
Identities

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3.1

Basic Identities

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 Reciprocal Identities
The following equations are identities:

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Tangent and Cotangent in Terms of Sine

and Cosine
The following equations are identities:

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 Pythagorean Identities
The following equations are identities:

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Example 2: Factoring with trigonometric

functions
Factor each expression.
a.
Difference of two squares: a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)

b.
If then has the form x2 + x – 2,
which factors as (x + 2)(x – 1).

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 Example 3a: Using identities to simplify
Write each expression in terms of sines and/or cosines,
and then simplify.
a.

Replace

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Example 3b: Using identities to simplify

b.

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 Odd and Even Identities

Odd:

Even:

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Example 6a: Using odd and even identities

Simplify the expression.

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 Example 6b: Using odd and even identities
(1 of 2)
Simplify the expression.

First note that cos(–x) = cos x. Then find a common

denominator and add the expressions.

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Example 6b: Using odd and even identities

(2 of 2)
continued from previous slide; using the Pythagorean
identity we have

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