Applied Physics

Ahmed Waqas Zubairi

MS Astronomy & Astrophysics (IST)
BS Physics (PU)
ahmed.physics@gmail.com
ahmed.zubairi@ist.edu.pk
The Course
• This is a calculus-based study of the fundamentals of the Electricity,
Magnetism and their interconnection, electronic components and
circuits, and radiation matter interaction.
PREREQUISITE: NIL
CO-REQUISITE: NIL
Textbook
• Physics, Volume II, 5th - 6th edition by Halliday, Resnick and Krane
• Web generated material
Program Learning Outcome (PLO)
Engineering knowledge
• An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering to the
solution of complex engineering problems
Course Learning Outcome (CLO)
• Show an understanding of the concepts and laws of electricity and magnetism
and their applications with application of knowledge of mathematics.
• Show an understanding of electric and magnetic properties of materials and their
uses in industry.
• Show an understanding of physics behind capacitors, inductors and their use in
circuits.
• Show an understanding of physical concepts and applications of radiation matter
interaction.
A Little more
• Pleasant and unpleasant surprises
• Strict on any kind of exam (Quizzes, OHTs, Final)
• Once caught in cheating, I will make sure you will get “F” grade in the
course
• Without calculator, you are not allowed to sit in exam
• Make a googlegroup of your class (e.g. mat09ist@googlegroup.com)
for better and quick interaction
 Electric Charges,
Forces, and
Fields

Ahmed Waqas Zubairi

Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad

APPLIED PHYSICS FALL-2016

• What happen when you will turn on the light switch in your room?

• What happen when you enter a command on your computer

keyboard?

• What happen when you change the channel of your television

through remote?
 Two basic types of materials
• Conductors
• Materials, such as metals, that allow the
free movement of charges

• Insulators
• Materials, such as rubber and glass, that
don’t allow the free movement of
charges
 Coulomb’s Law
• Coulomb found that the electric force between two charged
objects is
proportional to the product of the charges on the objects, and

Inversely proportional to the separation of the objects squared

q1q2
F k 2
r
 Note on constants

• k is in reality defined in terms of a more fundamental constant, known

as the permittivity of free space.

1
k
4 0
C2
with  0  8.854 x10 12
Nm 2
 Electric Charges
• Electric charge is a basic property of matter
• Two basic charges
• Positive and Negative
• Each having an absolute value of
1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs
• Therefore, 1 C of charge is approximately equal to the charge
of ~1018 electrons or protons.
• Experiments have shown that
• Like signed charges repel each other
• Unlike signed charges attract each other
• Charge is quantized (q=ne)
• For an isolated system, the net charge of the system remains constant
Charge Conservation
Vector Form
So we rewrite Coulomb’s Law as
As with all forces, the electric force is a Vector
 q1q2
F12  k 2 r̂12
r
This gives the force on charged object 2 due to charged
object 1 q q
1 2

r̂12 is a unit vector pointing from object 1 to object 2

The direction of the force is either parallel or antiparallel to

this unit vector depending upon the relative signs of the
charges
The force acting on each charged object has the same
magnitude -
 
F12  F21 (Newton’s Third Law)
More Than Two Charges
Given charges q, q1, and q2  q1
Fq q
If q1 were the only other charge, we 1
would know the force on q due to q1 -
 q
Fq q
1 
If q2 were the only other charge, we Fq q q2
2
would know the force on q due to q2 -

Fq q
2

What is the net force if both charges are present?

The net force is given by the Superposition Principle

  
Fnet  F1  F 2
• If there are more than two charged objects interacting with each
other
• The net force on any one of the charged objects is
• The vector sum of the individual Coulomb forces on that charged
object

 qi
F j  q j  k 2 rˆij
i  j rij