Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Covid-19
Aswan Murwana
April 2020
Personal Profile
Born October, 19XX.
Work Experience
• 2003- Hisaka Works, Ltd Division Head Achievements
• 2004- Yamaha (Mass), Service Engineer
• 2006- PT 3M Indonesia, Abrasive System • 2020 Q1 Top Performer
Division Tech. Service Engineer • 2018 SEA 110 League winner
• 2014- PT 3M Indonesia Mining, Oil & Gas • Best Author APACTek (3x)
Solution Tech. Service Engineer (PSD, ASD, • APACTek Editor
IATD, EMD, TSSD & Coatings) • Tech Forum Leader
• 2016- PT 3M Indonesia, Personal Safety
Division Tech. Service Engineer
Skills
Education
• Working at Height for Offshore Industries
Supervisor/Rescuer/Inspector/Installer (OSHA • Electrical Engineer, Gadjah Mada University
126.503 and ANSI Z359.2) • Welding Inspector, University of Indonesia
• Occupational Health & Safety Officer (AK3 Umum) • English Letter, Sanata Dharma University
• Fall Protection Technician
(850/TKBT/TK2/VI/2016)
• Basic Sea Survival
• Welding Inspector
• Surface Conditioning & Super abrasives Contact Info : amurwana@mmm.com
• Surface Mount Technology
+62 8111 000 846 / +62 811 900 3413
Hobbies : Aswan Murwana
• Weekend Mechanic
: 3msafety_id
• Dog walker
• Puppet master
• Shooting
Agenda
• FAQ
• Sekilas Covid-19
• Faktor Pertimbangan Pemilihan APD
• Opsi Perlindungan Pernafasan / Respiratory
• Type, Standard & Strategy penggunaan APD
• Pemakaian, Perawatan & Penyimpanan (Cleaning &
Disinfecting)
• Tanya-Jawab
© 3M 2018.
Wide range of integrated, innovative products
Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 9
Sekilas Covid-19
Apa itu virus corona baru dan COVID-19?
Virus corona baru atau novel coronavirus (nCoV) adalah jenis virus corona baru (SARS-Cov-2) yang
menimbulkan penyakit yang bernama COVID-19. Sebelum dikenal sebagai COVID-19, penyakitnya
dikenal sebagai virus corona baru 2019 atau 2019-nCoV.
Virus corona baru adalah virus baru, tapi mirip dengan keluarga virus yang menyebabkan SARS (Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome) dan sejumlah influensa biasa.
https://www.covid19.go.id/
2016 2019
• Zika • Covid-19
(SAR-Cov-2)
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/veterinary/biological.html
Source: gao.gov
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 12
3M Confidential. 12
Drifting dan Shifting Influenza A
Influenza Types: A, B, C. Hanya A yang menyebabkan Pandemik
dan memiliki 135 subtype
Source
Pathogen
Entry
Susceptible
Host
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 16
3M Confidential. 16
The 4 steps to protection
1. Mode transmisi *
2. Kemungkinan penularan *
3. Dosis infeksi *
4. Tingkat keparahan infeksi *
* Pengetahuan biasanya berkembang seiring perkembangan pandemi
Respiratory
Respiratory
Respiratory
Barrier
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 22
3M Confidential.
Source: CDC, MDH, Cal/OSHA. Image source: 3M
APD Berdasarkan Kemungkinan Penularan
Gloves X X X X
Gown X X
Mask X X
Eyewear X X X
Face shield X
Respirator X X
Coveralls X
Shoe covers X
x101 :
Units in pfu/ml
Infectious dose based on TCID 50%
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. Source: Public Health Agency of Canada #3MScienceofSafety | 24
3M Confidential. Source: Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare, U.S. Defense Department 24
Kerangka kerja untuk memilih APD berdasarkan tingkat
perlindungan yang lebih besar
Respiratory Protection
© 3M 2018.
Barrier Protection
Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 26
Kemungkinan Penularan
%100
?
? 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 27
© 3M. All Rights Reserved. 3M CONFIDENTIAL - INTERNAL USE ONLY
Image source: CDC Public Health Image library ID 11162
Timbulnya Aerosol Meningkatkan Kemungkinan Paparan
Aerosols can be
generated by
medical
procedures, for
example:
• Intubation
• Bronchoscopy
• Drug delivery
• Respiratory
support
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. Courtesy of Lisa Brosseau, ScD (UIL,#3MScienceofSafety
CIDRAP) | 29
AEROSOL SETTLING AND DIFFUSION
Inhalation is possible near and further from the point of generation
Inhalation continues to
be possible near the
source as settling and
diffusion take place.
Aerosol transmission
(inhalation) is possible
further from the source
over time.
Infection depends on
organism viability and
dose (concentration of
organisms in aerosol).
Infection depends on
organism viability and
dose (concentration of
organisms in aerosol).
Aerosol
APF=10 Transmissible APF=1000
Disease
Aerosol
General
Generating
Patient Care
Procedure
International
International/National
National/Local
NGOs
© 3M 2018 40
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
The Conversation.com American Allergy Supply
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 41
Bahaya Pernafasan Umum di Fasilitas Kesehatan
Bioaerosols
Particles
Organisms
Oxygen Deficiency
Dusts
Gases Fibers
Mists
Vapors Nebulizer
Treatments Fumes
Anesthetic gases
©
153M
July 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 42
©
153M
July 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 43
Bahaya bagi pernafasan di sekitar kita
(identifikasi)
Kabut/
Debu Kabut uap
(dust) (Mists) (vapours)
Fumes Gas
Technical Data Bulletin Release 3, February 2020 #174
©153M
JulyAll
© 3M 2011. 2020 . AllReserved.
Rights Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 44
Filosofi Dasar Peralatan Perlindungan Pernafasan
Membantu mengurangi paparan inhalasi
terhadap kontaminan udara dari tingkat yang
dianggap berbahaya ke tingkat yang dianggap
dapat diterima (aman)
Respiratory
Hazards Protection
Atmosphere
[∆]
Acceptable
Atmosphere
© 3M 2018 46
Perbedaan Respirator dengan Masker
Masker
Tidak akan memberikan perlindungan max
Masker Respirator
© 3M 2018 Respirator 47
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 48
© 3M 2018 49
Types & Styles of Respirator
Respirators
Atmosphere
Air Purifying
Supplying
Disposable Reusable
Negative Pressure :
Aliran udara tergantung dari nafas pemakai
Positive Pressure :
Aliran udara berkelanjutan/tak terputus
Faktor Proteksi Max 10xNAB Max 10xNAB Max 50xNAB Max 1.000xNAB Max 10.000xNAB
Durasi Pakai Max Tergantung type Tergantung type Tergantung type 30-75 menit
1 per shift catridge dan konsentrasi catridge dan konsentrasi hood dan filter
paparan paparan yang digunakan
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_respiratory-protection-for-airborne-exposure-activity-
6629416357341552640-KsLl
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 62
Ukuran partikel yang umum di udara
Mists &
Fog drizzle Rain
0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10000
Particle diameter, microns (1mm = 1,000 microns)
Total Inhalable
!
Respirable
© 3M 2018
2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 63
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
Sistem Pertahanan Pernafasan
Cilia &
Mucus Blanket
(>5 microns)
Bulu Hidung
(>10 microns)
Cilia
Bulu
hidung
Mucous
Blanket
Refleks
Batuk
Refleks Batuk
(>5 microns)
© 3M 2018
2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 64
© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.
Dapatkah Virus difilter oleh Respirator?
Seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar 1, partikel yang lebih kecil atau lebih besar dari MPPS ditangkap dengan efisiensi filtrasi yang lebih tinggi. Filtrasi melalui difusi (paling terlihat
untuk partikel yang lebih kecil dari 0,1 μm) sebenarnya meningkat seiring dengan menurunnya ukuran partikel. Penelitian lain telah mengkonfirmasi bahwa efisiensi filter meningkat
dengan menurunnya ukuran partikel, bahkan untuk partikel sekecil 0,003 μm (jauh lebih kecil daripada virus) .
© 3M 2018
2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 65
Cara Kerja Respirator
Tidak bekerja seperti halnya Non woven ber muatan elektrostatis Partikel akan terperangkap
ayakan (mengandalkan mesh) akan menangkap Partikel, Bakteri & Virus dan tidak terlepas lagi
Ganti respirator saat sudah kotor, rusak atau susah untuk bernafas
Tidak bisa dicuci ataupun dibersihkan
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_corona-mask-respiratory-activity-6632656438365908992-i8as
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 66
How Respirators Works
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 67
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_who-recommendation-for-corona-ncov-activity-6629681354336505856-Ys3-
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 68
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 69
Kemenkes RI
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 70
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 71
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 72
Standard Respirator
Standar berbeda akan memberikan performa filtrasi berbeda
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 73
Standard Pengetesan Respirator
(US, Eropa, China, Kore dan Jepang)
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 74
Fluid Resistance Testing
(Surgical Respirator)
© 3M 2018 75
Surgical N95 vs. Standard N95 – Which to Consider?
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 78
3M Surgical Respirator
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 79
3M Medical Mask & Respirator
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 80
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_rational-use-of-ppe-for-covid-19-activity-6641735420105330688-HfOS
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 81
Strategi yang harus dilakukan
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 82
Possible Alternatives to Surgical Filtering Facepiece Respirators:
Healthcare
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_alternative-to-n95-respirator-
© 3M 2017 activity-6632291353965490176-E84J #3MScienceofSafety | 83
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 84
3M Particulate Respirator N95 yang Direkomendasikan
Type : 9010/9010V
Adjustable Nose Clip
• Mudah dibentuk
Breathing with Ease • Membantu menyesuaikan dengan bentuk wajah
3M Advance Filter Technology dan hidung agar respirator terpasang sempurna
• Performa filter electrostatis yang efektif
untuk kenyamanan dan kemudahan
dalam bernafas.
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 85
3M Particulate Respirator N95 yang Direkomendasikan
Type : 9105
Adjustable Nose Clip
• Mudah dibentuk
Breathing with Ease • Membantu menyesuaikan dengan bentuk wajah
3M Advance Filter Technology dan hidung agar respirator terpasang sempurna
• Performa filter electrostatis yang efektif
untuk kenyamanan dan kemudahan
dalam bernafas.
Elastic Strap
• Natural Rubber, aman dan nyaman
• Cocok untuk berbagai kebutuhan
pemakaian.
Individual Package
• Mudah dibawa
• Bersih dan mudah disimpan dan didistribusikan
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 86
3M Particulate N95 Respirator
Type : 8210/8210V
Breathing with Ease Adjustable Nose Clip
3M Advance Filter Technology • Mudah dibentuk
• Performa filter electrostatis yang efektif untuk kenyamanan dan • Membantu menyesuaikan dengan bentuk wajah dan
kemudahan dalam bernafas. hidung agar respirator terpasang sempurna
Elastic Strap
• Natural Rubber, aman dan nyaman
• Cocok untuk berbagai kebutuhan
pemakaian.
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 87
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 88
© 3M 2017 #3MScienceofSafety | 89
3M Technical Data Bulletin
https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/worker-health-safety-us/covid19/
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 90
3M Confidential. 90
Donning dan Doffing Medical Respirator 1860
https://youtu.be/fO-0tu41ZEg
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 91
3M Confidential. 91
Petunjuk Pemakaian
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_disinfection-of-disposable-
respiratorsffr-activity-6647029618882764800-zUAx
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 94
3M Confidential. 94
Cleaning & Disinfecting
Respirator
Setidaknya ada empat aspek kunci dari keberhasilan pemrosesan ulang respirator, dan banyak penelitian
yang dipublikasikan tidak mempertimbangkan keempatnya. Metode tersebut harus:
1. Menonaktifkan organisme target, seperti virus yang menyebabkan COVID-19;
2. Tidak merusak filtrasi respirator;
3. Tidak memengaruhi kecocokan respirator;
4. Aman bagi orang yang memakai respirator
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_disinfection-of-disposable-
respiratorsffr-activity-6647029618882764800-zUAx
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 95
3M Confidential. 95
Sanitizing, Disinfection & Sterilization pada dasarnya tidak
disarankan untuk Disposable respirator
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hcwcontrols/recommendedguidanceextuse.html
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 96
3M Confidential. 96
Sanitizing, Disinfection & Sterilization pada dasarnya tidak
disarankan untuk Disposable respirator
Current information supports the following conclusions for all 3M filtering facepiece particulate respirators :
1. 3M does not recommend the use of Ethylene Oxide due to significant concerns associated with the potential
for repeat inhalation exposure to ethylene oxide residuals, a known human carcinogen
2. 3M does not recommend the use of Ionizing Radiation due to degradation in filter performance.
3. 3M does not recommend the use of Microwave due to melting of the respirator near metal components
resulting in compromise of fit.
4. 3M does not, at this time, recommend the use of High Temperature, Autoclave, or Steam due to significant
filter degradation.
• Mirip dengan respirator sekali pakai, tetapi facepiece terbuat dari bahan seperti
karet/silikon yang dapat berulang kali dibersihkan, didesinfeksi dan digunakan kembali.
• Nilai proteksi sama atau lebih besar (tergantung model) dibandingkan dengan respirator
disposable/sekali pakai
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/elastomeric-respirators-strategy/index.html
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 100
3M Confidential. 100
101
• Lakukan kebersihan tangan dan gunakan APD lain yang berlaku sebagaimana ditentukan
oleh fasilitas Anda dan / atau kebijakan pengendalian infeksi
• Hubungi pencegahan infeksi di fasilitas Anda dengan pertanyaan mengenai kapan APD,
seperti sarung tangan, harus dikenakan
Pembersihan dan desinfeksi facepiece yang lebih lengkap harus sering dilakukan - pada
akhir setiap shift atau sebagaimana ditentukan oleh protokol pencegahan infeksi rumah
sakit.
OSHA mewajibkan ini di antara setiap pemakaian.
Kenakan APD yang diperlukan atau lakukan kebersihan tangan sebagaimana ditentukan
oleh kebijakan pengendalian infeksi Anda.
Hubungi pencegahan infeksi di fasilitas Anda dengan pertanyaan mengenai kapan APD,
seperti sarung tangan, harus dikenakan.
Submersion
© 3M 2020AlwaysDisinfection
read and follow3M™ 6000 Series Half Facepiece Respirator
User Instructions. #3MScienceOfSafety | 108
Cleaning & Disinfecting
(Reusable Respirator)
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/aswan-murwana-5381721b_cleaning-and-disinfecting-reusable-elastomeric-activity-6656438168117710848-fN_i
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 109
3M Confidential. 109
Cleaning & Disinfecting
(Reusable Respirator)
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 110
3M Confidential. 110
CDC Webinar (Penggantian/Masa Pakai Filter)
(April 9, 2020)
https://youtu.be/8wd5Bx2fVDI
© 3M 2020 Always read and follow User Instructions. #3MScienceOfSafety | 111
111
CDC Webinar
(April 9, 2020)
https://youtu.be/8wd5Bx2fVDI
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 113
3M Confidential. 113
CDC Webinar
(April 9, 2020)
https://youtu.be/8wd5Bx2fVDI
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 114
3M Confidential. 114
Cara Penyimpanan
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 115
Storage
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 117
3M Confidential. 117
118
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 118
Tantangan dalam Penggunaan Respirator
Facial Hair
Kenyamanan Fit (Jambang, Kumis
Multiple APD Cedera Mata Debu & Bau
Testing dsb)
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 119
Power Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) *When used as part of an effective OSHA respiratory protection program.
5 alasan
Untuk mempertimbangkan sistem PAPR di layanan Kesehatan
1. Kenyamanan
Respirator yang dirancang untuk membantu mempermudah
pernapasan
CDC Guidance for selection and use of PPE in healthcare settings www.3M.com/Versaflo
© 3M 2018. Always read and follow all User Instructions. #3MScienceofSafety | 120
+CDC Guidance for Infectious Eye Protection
© 3M 2019 #3MScienceofSafety | 247
©
153M
July 2020 . All Rights Reserved. 3M Confidential. 247