Hazrat Ali

Rightly Guided Caliphs

 Election as Caliph
• Madinah Remained in chaos, terror and in state of anarchy for 3 days because of
rebels
• On their return at 4th day, rebels felt it necessary to have a new caliph before
their departure
• There were difference among rebels some of them wanted Hazrat Ali, some
wanted Hazrat Talha, while the third wanted Zubair
• All three of them refused at first
• The rebels then asked Ansars to have caliph form them but they refused too
• Upon this deadlock, Rebels gave an ultimatum of taking more steps of aggression
and lawlessness if the caliph is not elected in next 24hours.
• People gathered at Masjid e Nabwi, at there senior companions performed bait on
the Hand of Hazrat Ali followed by a general bait
• After becoming the caliph he adopted the title of Ameer ul Momnin
 Challenges for Hazrat Ali
Restoration of Peace
The lawlessness and chaos that
has speard all over the Mulism
land needed to end.
Restructring the Avenging the
Adminstartaion Usman’s Murder
Assassination of an elected
The misadministration that
Caliph is a grave some crime
caused the rebellious against
that must be dealt iron
Usman needed restructuring
handedly
 Changes of Governor
• Ali felt it necessary to reform administration by changing administrative heads (
governors ) thus he appointed
• Sohail bin Hanif in Place of Muawiya in Syria
• Saad bin Ubaida as governor of Egypt
• Ummara gin Shahab as governor of Kufa
• Usman bin hanif as governor of Basra
• Abdullah bin Abbas as governor of Yemen
• Previous Governors of Syria and Kufa denied his Caliphate and refused to resign
form their posts
Thus at the early stages of His caliphate he met with challenges
 Battle of Jammal (Camel) 656AD
• First Civil war of Islam
• Ummayds raised the cry of the revenge of Hazrat Usman
• Problem for Hazrat Ali was that Usman was assassinated by rebellious mob and it
was near to impossible to trace out the real culprits
• This delay made Talha, Zubair and Ayehsa to March against Hazrat Ali
• The two armies met at Basra and a round of negotiations started
• The ill-intentioned mischief makers started the war in night to make a fight and
destroy the chances of peace and unity among Mulims
• Talha and Zubair were killed by Mischief makers upon leaving the bloodshed
• Forces of Ali won the battle by Cutting the legs of the camel of Ayesha and
demoralizing the forces against them
• 10000 Mulisms were killed
• Hazrat Ali’s caliphate was acknowledged through out the stste except Syria.
 Battle of Siffin 657AD
• The province of Syria did not sworn allegiance to the caliphate of Ali.
• Muawiya started a campaign against Hazrat Ali on the account of delay of the
justice in the case of Hazrat Usman
• Hazrat Ali wrote to Muwaiya and tried to bring situation to normalcy
• The failure of negotiation lead to the war of Siffin
• The main battle took place on 8th of Safar 37 AH, Muawiya on seeing his defeat
ordered his soldiers to fasten the Quran to their lances
• After the war was ceased, Arbitration was agreed upon
 Arbitration ( Battle of Sifin)
• Abu Musa Ashari was appointed from Hazrat Ali’s side
• Amar bin Al Aas Was appointrd from Muwaiya’s side
• They met at Dumat-ul-Janndal
• Abu Musa Ashri announced that they have agreed on the disposal of Ali and
Muwaiya both and Muslims will elected their new leader by consensus.
• Amr Announced that he agreed on the disposal of Ali bit not of Muawiya
• Thus the rift produced by Muslims was not removed
 Battle of Nehrwan (658 AD)
• The failure of Arbitration and Chaos prevailed in society brought a new fraction in
Muslims society namely Kharijites ( Separatists or outgoers)
• They were also involved in the rebellion against Hazrat Usman and his Murder
• They had allied themselves with Hazrat Ali at first ( battle of Jammal and Siffin)
• At the cease fire of Siffin they alienated themselves form the main stream Muslim
politics and adopted a separate and false political agenda
• They propagated that They want to establish the Kingdom of Allah and all those who
are by any means delaying this must be killed.
• After sepration from Hazrat Ali they went to Harwara where they have started
conspiring against Hazrat Ali
• While Hazrat Ali was planning to attack on Muwaiya again, kharjities gathered at
Nehrwan and started to cause troubles for Hazrat Ali
 Battle of Nehrwan (658 AD)
• Hazrat Ali inflicted a crushing defeat on them
• The victory proved hallow as it diverted the attention of Hazrat Ali form his main
struggle against Muawiya.
• Two years later Hazrat Ali was assassinated by Kharjities
 Fall of Egypt
While Hazrat Ali was busy in Battle against Kharjities, Muwaiya captured Egypt
This concreted the rift further and in an agreement Hazrat Ali and Muwaiya agreed
that Muwaiya should rule over Syria and Egypt while rest of the Islamic Empire would
be under the rightful rule of Ali.

Martyrdom of Ali
The truce between Ali and Muwaiya was not acceptable to Kharijites, thus they
planned to kill three important political personalities of Islam ( Ali,Muwaiya and Amr)
On 18th Ramdan,40 AH the Ibn Muljim assassinated Hazrat Ali while he was leading the
prayer
 Administration of Ali
• Most of His time was spent in dealing with the civil wars, he had little to no time for
Administration
• He had followed the lines of his previous Caliphs
• Solidarity of the Center ( Establish a strong rule of canter in Provinces)
• Watch over Governors
• Extension of military Establishments in Iran.