Hazrat Ali’s Caliphate

By: Rameen, Mahnoor, Aisha,

Emaan, Kainat.Saniya
Hazrat Ali's policy of changing the governors
appointed by Uthman led to a lot of problem
for him, outline:
1)his problems for making those changes.
2)The effect of this policy
• On becoming the caliph, Hazrat Ali felt necessary to change the governors who
were appointed by the previous caliph, in the interest of Islam and so that the
governor should be his supporters.
• He appointed Suhail bin hanif as the governor of Syria,Sa'ad bin Ubaidah as
the governor of Egypt,Ummara bin Shahab as the governor of Kufa ,Usman
bin hanif as the governor of Basra and Abdullah bin Abbas as the governor of
Yemen.
• First allegation against hazrat Ali appointed his inefficient relatives as
governors.
• The people who had elected hazrat Ali were hazrat Usman's adversaries and
they demanded quick change of governors.
• He wanted to change the governors who were selected by hazrat Uthman as they
would have started taking revenge on their own and this would lead to chaos.
• As a result of the policy he had to face great resistance by some governors.
• One of those governors was Muawiya (RA)
• He refused to except hazrat Ali as caliph and did not step down

from his governship

• He also alleged hazrat Ali to be an accomplice in Hazrat
Usman’s murder.
• This demand of Muawiya led to a unrest and formation
of groups even within the close companions of hazrat
Ali.
• Like hazrat Talha and Zubair who had initially sided with him and hazrat
Ayesha [Prophet Muhammad (SWS)'S widow)also denounced hazrat Ali was
also joined by the 2 companions.
• With a few hundred men they left for Iraq in the hope
to find more supports and hazrat Ali was forced to
pursue them.
• The 2 sides met near Basra and tried to settle their
differences peacefully.
• While the extremist supporters among them
.
provoked a fight by throwing an arrow at hazrat Ayesha's army.
• This fight grew into a battle around Hazrat Ayesha's camel.
• This battle is also known as battle of camels.
• It took place in 656AD.
• Hazrat Talha and Zubair were killed by the
hypocrite sand when this news reached to
hazrat Ali,he said“I have seen him fight for

the prophet of Allah several times. I give murderer the news of hell fire”
• Hazrat Aisha was conducted back to Madina with her brother Muhammad
bin Abu Bakr.
• Hazrat Ali then moved to his headquarters in Kufa where his support was the
strongest.
• Hazrat Ali's differences with Muawiya (RA)led to a battle when Muawiya
(RA) insisted that hazrat Uthman was killed unjustly so the murders should
be punished.
• He moved against the caliph and the 2 armies met at Siffin in
37AH/657AD.
• The fight resulted indecisive fir many days.
• Then when Muawiyah (RA)'s army seemed to be
losing ,he suggested to tie the verses of Quran to the
arrows and swords.
• This indicated that the outcome should be
decided not by warfare but by consulting Allah's word.
• Hazrat Ali was not ready to stop the fight but later was persuaded to
except it.
• Arrangements were made for a arbitrator from each side to decide the
rights and wrongs of the case.
• Hazrat Mus al-Ashari represented hazrat Ali and hazrat Amr bin AL-Aas
represented Muawiya(RA)
• The 2 judges gave a thought to the matter of 6
months and later announced that both hazrat Ali and
Muawiya(RA) were not suitable for the caliphate and
they both should be deposed.
• Amr bin Al-Aas asked Abu Musa to announce the
decision first.After the decision was announced public
was given the right to elect the caliph .
• Amr bin Al-Aas suggested Muawiya(RA)'s name on
which hazrat Ali's army reacted and the arbitration
failed.