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 1  Definition 

 2  Aims of counseling 

 3  Needs of counseling 

 4  Stages of counseling 

 5  Gather approach 

 6  Types of counseling 

 7  Difference between counseling and health educations 

 8  Conclusion 

 9  Bibliography 


 COUNSELLING

INTRODUCTION : Counselling is: a process, organized in a series of steps, which aims to

help people cope (deal with or adapt to) better with situations they are facing. This involves
helping the individual to understand their emotions and feelings and to help them make positive
choices and decisions. Counselling is an approach for assisting people to reduce initial distress
resulting from a difficult situation, and to encourage short and long-term adaptive functioning
(positive coping).

DEFINITION :

Counselling is face to face communication by which you help the persons and the person make
decision or solve a problem and act on them.

Counseling is a helping process aimed at problem solving

Counseling – done with individual , group or with couple.

Aims of counselling:
• To assist clients in exploring their problems and guide them to solutions.
• To have clients become aware of the consequences of the experiences and situations they have
been/are going through.
• To reduce worry, anxiety or any other negative emotions.
• To guide clients in their recovery from, and adaptation to, difficult circumstances.

Characteristics of counseling

 Counseling involves two individuals –one seeking help and other a professionally trained
person who can help the first.
 There should be a relationship of mutual respects between the two individuals.
 Counseling is aimed at bringing about desired changes in the individuals for self realization
and providing assistances to solve problems through an intimate personal relationships.
 The counselor discover the problems of the counselee and him to set up realistic goals.
 if counselee is a student, counseling helps in him to take a decision , make a choice or find
a direction in matters related to an educational programmee or career.
 It helps to the counselee acquire independence and develop a sense of responsibility.
 Counseling is democratic.
 Counseling concerns itself with attitudes as well as actions .
 Counseling is centered around the needs and aspiration of students.

Need of counseling

 Counseling is needed to solve psychosocial problems of the counselee

 For creating self sufficiency to the clients .
 For better social functioning .
 For the client to make functional decision
 For the attitudinal and behavioural changed of the counselee.
 For managing anger , stress , anxiety, depression , frustration etc.

BASIC PRINCIPLES

 Empathic relationship
 Flexibility
 Individualization
 Confidentiality
 Non judgemental attitude
 Privacy
 Emotional and physical safety
 Simplicity
 Development
 Trustworthiness

GOALS :
The main aim of counseling is to enable the clients to solve their problems and the
achievements of positive of mental health .
There are
 Long term goals
 Short term goals

LONG TERM GOALS

 Enable the counselee for better social functioning
 Create self sufficiency
 Induced qualities of self determination and self reliance.
 Improve client’s productivity.
 Preserve positive mental health.

SHORT TERMS GOALS :

 Establishment of rapport
 Help the client focus on goal setting and problem resolution .
 Enable the development of coping and problem solving skills.
 Educate clients and their families in self managements techniques.
 Enable the clients adjust with the environment.
 Change the clients behavioral features
 Change the clients attitude
 Derive clients maximum cooperation .

TYPES OF COUNSELLING
 Directive counseling ( prescriptive counseling )
- E.G. Williamsons is the chief exponent in this view point
- It is counselor centered .
- The counselor directs the clients to take the steps in order to resolve his conflicts
- It is based on the assumption that the client cannot solve his own problem for lack of
information.

 Non directive counseling :

- Carl R Roger is the chief exponent in this viewpoint
- This school of thoughts is just reverse to that of directive counseling
- It is a client centered process.
- In this , the counselees is the pivot of the whole counseling process
- The main function of the counselor is to create an atmosphere in which the client can
work out his problem.

 Eclectic counseling
- The chief advocate of this type of counseling is ”thorne ‘ .
- Eclectic counseling is a type of counseling which is neither counselor – centred nor
client centred, but a combination of both.
- Here the counselor is neither too active as in directive counseling nor too passive as in
non directive counseling , but follows a middle course

TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING:
 Conclusion :
Counseling is a process where the client and counselor work together tocome up with
different ways to experienced various situations . it’s a therapeutic relationship .it is both
professional and intentional.

Bibliography :

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formation, coordination, development, and adaptation. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage.
 Ashmore, R. and Banks, D. (2004) ‘Student nurses’ use of their interpersonal skills within
clinical role-plays’, Nurse Education Today, 24(1), pp. 20–29. doi: 10.1016/S0260-
6917(03)00118-7.
 Balmforth, J. (2009a) ‘“The weight of class”: clients’ experiences of how perceived
differences in social class between counsellor and client affect the therapeutic
relationship’, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37(3), pp. 375–386. doi:
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differences in social class between counsellor and client affect the therapeutic
relationship’, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37(3), pp. 375–386. doi:
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 Barnes, B., Ernst, S. and Hyde, K. (1999b) An introduction to groupwork: a group-analytic
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 Bond, T. (2015) Standards and ethics for counselling in action. 4th ed. London: SAGE.
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