Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control for Voltage

Source Voltage Converters Under Reconfiguration

Toqeer Ahmed* Asad Waqar Tanveer Hussain
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Bahria University Bahria University Hamdard University
Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan Islamabad, Pakistan
01-244172-040@student.bahria.edu.pk asadwaqar.buic@bahria.edu.pk engrtanveerhussainee@gmail.com

Essam A. Al-Ammar Muhammad Zahid Habib ur Rahman Habib

Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering
King Saud University Riphah International University University of Engg. & Tech.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Lahore, Pakistan Taxila, Pakistan
essam@ksu.edu.sa muhammad.zahid@riphah.edu.pk hr.habib@uettaxila.edu.pk

Abstract— The voltage source converter (VSC) can be
operated in bidirectional operational modes i.e. rectification and
inversion, which signifies its reconfigurable characteristics. In
inverter mode, it operates in both grid-tied and isolated
operation modes. In this paper, a fractional-order sliding mode
control (FOSMC) is proposed to drive the voltage source
converter under reconfiguration. To realize the power system,
in grid-tied mode the effect of voltage sag/swell at the point of
common coupling (PCC), battery storage (BS) charging, and
high voltage (HV) dc-link voltage are considered. Likewise, in
isolated mode the voltage at the PCC, BS discharging, and HV
dc-link voltage are considered as well. The Riemann-Liouville
(RL) is used to design the proposed sliding surface and
exponential reaching law is used to minimize the chattering
phenomenon. The stability of the proposed controller is proved
using the Lyapunov stability criteria. To validate the
performance of the proposed strategy, the real-time simulation
is accomplished by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment
and results are compared with conventional proportional-
integral (PI) control. The simulation results demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed control in terms of robustness, fast-
tracking, and rapid convergence as compared to PI control.
Keywords— Voltage source converter, fractional-order sliding
mode control, battery storage, point of common coupling,
Riemann-Liouville, operational modes.
I. INTRODUCTION
The reconfigurable characteristics of VSC can integrate ac
grid, ac/dc loads, distribution generation systems (DGs) along
with high efficiency and reliable power operations [1]. In
recent years, due to environmental pollution and fossil fuel
reduction, renewable energy resources (RESs) such as wind
and solar have quickly been encouraged in established and
emerging countries [2]. To integrate RESs with the main grid
the VSC can realize the high efficiency of ac/dc power
conversion under reconfiguration. Although these RESs have
a negative impact on the power system due to its irregular and
unstable characteristics [3]. Therefore, the BS is utilized due
to its quick response and controllable load characteristics [4].
Besides, the applications of reconfigurable VSC include
electric vehicles (EVs) that can store power during the night
and generate power to the main grid during the daytime [5].
For the high performance and stable operation, the reliability
of VSC under reconfiguration and different disturbances are
the key factors [6].The technical problems for the VSC under
reconfiguration and disturbances include 1) Maintain
constant
power flow 2) Maintain constant voltage across the load 3)
Minimum deviation of the system voltage and frequency [7].
Therefore, to cope with these issues, the efficient control unit
is needed concerning urgent, significant, and reliable for VSC.
Fig. 1. Simplified Model of Reconfigurable VSC
Sliding mode control (SMC) is a nonlinear variable
structure control is applied to various power systems because
of its inherent feature of simple implementation, fast reference
tracking, robustness, less disturbance to parametric invariance
and strongly applicable for VSC, power converters and
microgrid [8]. The author in [9], have proposed a virtual
damping resistor-based voltage source inverter (VSI) using
SMC. The state-space variable approximation is done by the
Kalman filter to drive the current control loop. The author in
[10], have investigated the performance of grid-tied
photovoltaic inverter using robust linearizing control with
SMC. The author in [11], have analyzed the performance of
grid-tied VSC for a dc system along constant power load.
They have proposed an SMC to improve the dynamic
characteristics of VSC and voltage stability. The author in
[12], have proposed a grid-tied VSI along LCL output filter
using a multiloop control strategy. They proposed a discrete-
time SMC to ensure current tracking. The author in [13], have
investigated the performance of three-phase two-level VSC
under unknown load conditions. They proposed an observer
based second-order SMC to modulate the dc voltage. The
author in [14], have proposed a multiloop current control
approach for a grid-tied VSI and proposed a fast SMC to
regulate a capacitor voltage. The author in [15], has introduced
a PWM based three-phase grid-tied VSC using enhanced
adaptive backstepping SMC to ensure the output voltage
stability. The author in [16], have proposed a robust SMC to
enhance the efficiency of grid-tied three-phase power
converter under non-linearities.
In robustness perspective, FOSMC is a robust control with
a sliding surface corresponding to both additional parameters

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