3/29/2017

Lecture No. 10

Impact of jets
for Moving Plates

Engr. Shafiq-ur-Rahman Sameja

B) Force exerted by the jet on moving plate

1. Flat plate normal to the jet
• Consider a fluid jet striking a flat plate held normal to the
direction of motion of the jet and moving with uniform
velocity u away from the jet

• Velocity of the plate is usually less than the velocity of the jet
otherwise the jet will not strike the plate

• The effective velocity of the jet will be the one with which the
jet is approaching the plate and will be the relative of the two

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• Relative velocity with which the jet strikes the plate is given by

(V–u)

The mass flow rate for the case of moving plates is given by

m  aV  u 
The force on the jet is given by

F  m.Vr  aV  u 
2

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• For the case of moving plates, work is done on

the plate by the jet so if W is the work done
per unit time then

W=force x distance moved by the plate per

unit time
W  F u
 aV  u  .u
2

2. Flat plate inclined to the jet

• Let the smooth flat plate inclined at an angle to the direction

of motion of the jet and moves in the same direction

• The jet leaves the plate tangentially so the velocity of the

leaving jet normal to the plate is zero

• Relative velocity with which the jet strikes the plate is given by
(V-u).

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• Force exerted by the jet on the plate in the normal direction is

given by

Fn  m.Vrn
 a(V  u )[(V  u ) sin   0]
 aV  u  sin 
2

• Component of the force in the direction of the jet

Fx  Fn sin   aV  u  sin 2 

2

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• Component of the force perpendicular to the jet

Fy  Fn cos   aV  u  sin  cos 
2

• Work done in the direction of the jet per unit

time
W  Fx  u  auV  u  sin 2 
2

What will happen when

  90 o

3. Force exerted by a jet on a curved plate with jet

striking at the centre

• Consider a fluid of jet striking a curved plate or vane at the

centre.

• The fluid guides over the vane and leaves from the other
end tangentially

• Let Ѳ be the angle of the vane at the tips on both sides

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• The component of outlet velocity in the x-

direction is given by

 (V  u) cos 

• Mass of the fluid striking the plate is given by

aV  u 

• Force exerted by the jet on the vane n the direction of the jet
is given by

Fx  m.Vrx

Fx  aV  u [(V  u )  {(V  u ) cos  }]

 aV  u  1  cos  
2

• The work done in the direction of the application of the jet

per unit time is given by

Fx  u  aV  u  1  cos    u
2

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• Kinetic energy of issuing jet

mV 2  aV V 2  aV 3
1 1 1
2 2 2
• And efficiency is given by

 work done / kinetic energy supplied by the jet

aV  u 2 1  cos   u 2V  u  1  cos  u


2

1
aV 3 V3
2

• For a given jet velocity, the efficiency will be

maximum when

d
0
du

• For the case of jet striking a series of vanes