THINKING SKILLS ASSESSMENT (TSA)

TEST SPECIFICATION
1 If people go to a foreign country, they should try to learn at least some of the language of that
country because, whilst it is difficult to pick up a good command of a foreign language in a short
time, learning just a little of a foreign language helps you to find out more about the country itself,
its people's customs and mannerisms. As well as this, it means that you can function more easily
by being able to ask for directions or just by being able to order what you want at a restaurant,
which is much less embarrassing than pointing and arm-waving.

Which one of the following is an expression of the main conclusion of the above argument?

A It is easier to function in a country if you have learnt the language of that country.

B You will find out more about a country if you learn the language of that country.

C It is difficult to learn a foreign language in a short time.

D When people visit a foreign country they should try to learn some of the language.

E Speaking a foreign language is easier than having to use sign language.


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 Heroin and cocaine are not the only illegal drugs with a terrible impact on global health.
16 Counterfeit medicines can also do damage. Some of these fakes contain potentially toxic
chemicals, and when taken to treat a disease they can kill. Others are like homeopathic
remedies – while harmless in themselves, as they contain no active ingredients, they do not
work as advertised. Efforts to tackle drug crime have prioritised illegal drugs and so have not
dealt with crimes that are just as serious. This should now be remedied.

Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above passage?

A Heroin and cocaine have a terrible impact on global health.

B Counterfeit medicines can be just as dangerous as heroin and cocaine.

C Homeopathic remedies are not effective.

D Counterfeit medicines may contain toxic chemicals.

E More time and effort should be put into tackling counterfeit medicines.

17 Conspicuous consumption does not make us happy. Buying a flashy car sends the message:
'I've got so many resources, I can afford to squander them.' Paying more for organic foods
signals another desirable trait: conscientiousness. We put too much effort into sending signals
that don't actually impress others and cause us stress. We evolved into emotionally well-
balanced individuals thousands of years ago. To be truly happy now, we should devote more
time to the activities that dominated life back then: being at one with nature, being with children,
or holding face-to-face conversations. We need to evaluate our lives and make sure they
include many of those things we were doing 250,000 years ago.

Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above argument?

A Sending out signals to impress others is a waste of time.

B We need to decide what is really important in our lives.

C Our ancestors were emotionally better balanced than we are today.

D To be really happy, we should behave more like our ancestors did.

E Today's complex and competitive lifestyle makes us discontented and unhappy.

 Increasing quantities of personal data are recorded and stored on computers: for example,
18 where and when you use your mobile phone or what purchases you make in the supermarket.
This poses a potential threat to our privacy. The Data Protection Act forbids the use of this
information for a purpose other than that for which it was collected, apart from instances in
which serious crime could be prevented or detected. We must not allow this principle to be
abandoned because our liberty depends on it. Although at present there is no malign political
purpose to which this information is put, we cannot be certain that this will never be the case.

Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above argument?

A Our liberty depends upon personal data remaining confidential.

B We must not allow the data protection principle to be abandoned.

C We cannot be certain that governments will not misuse personal data.

D The Data Protection Act does not interfere with the detection of crime.

E The recording and storing of personal data poses a threat to our privacy.

Paying bonuses of at least £1 million to high-flying stockbrokers and employees of banks cannot
19 be justified. Such massive bonuses encourage these high-flyers to take unacceptable risks with
shareholders' assets in the pursuit of profits. Furthermore, the system discourages our
brightest young talent from taking jobs in industry, where the rewards are much more modest
but where there is a great need for such talent. One of the reasons why City firms (i.e. London-
based financial organisations) can pay such bonuses is that they charge enormous fees for
assisting with takeover bids between companies. City firms often encourage companies to
engage in such takeover battles but the costs for these frequently unsuccessful battles fall on to
the companies and thus on to the consumer.

Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above argument?

A The consumer ultimately has to pay for the City employees' very high bonuses.

B The payment of very large bonuses to City employees is unacceptable.

C Very large bonuses encourage City firms to take unjustifiable risks.

D City firms should not encourage companies to engage in takeover battles.

E If City employees were not paid very high bonuses, they would work in industry.
 Suppose a book begins with the sentence 'Dark clouds gathered'. Does this mean that it is
20 going to rain, or there is going to be a war, or something else no-one had thought of? The
traditional answer was: ask the author, or try to work out what the author intended it to
mean. But this would not give you the answer, surprising though that may seem. Why
not? Because what the words mean is what they mean to you, the reader, and to anyone else
who speaks the language to which they belong. Authors can't change what words mean by
intending something different, any more than you can. What they say they mean is no more
correct than anyone else's interpretation.

Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above argument?

A No-one can give an answer to the question: what does this sentence mean?

B The traditional way to discover meaning was to find out what the author intended.

C Knowing what the author intended doesn't tell you what a sentence means.

D Everyone understands something different when they read a sentence in a book.

E The sentence 'Dark clouds gathered' can have more than one meaning.