ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & POLICIES

LECTURE 1& 2
Trends in energy consumption and gpd growth.
Slide 3) Energy crisis is raising serious concerns throughout the
world. There has been constant rise in energy consumption
corresponding to the increase in global population. This sector affects
the other pillars of national economy including industries and
transportation. Because of these reasons, the traditional fossil-based
energy sources are depleting rapidly, resulting in high and unstable
energy prices.
Pakistan is considered among the lower middle income countries of
South Asia . Energy requirements are rapidly increasing in Pakistan. It is
evident from the fact that energy requirements in Pakistan have
increased by more than 80 percent in the last one and a half decade.
Conventional sources of nonrenewable energy satisfy more than 80% of
the energy requirements in Pakistan
The energy sources used in Pakistan for electricity production mainly
include hydroelectric, natural gas and nuclear power. Among which, the
share of natural gas has increased in 1990s while that of hydroelectric
has decreased. This situation is reversed from the perspective of
sustainability as nonrenewable energy source have been more utilized.
This has resulted in rapid depletion of natural gas reservoirs
During the last ten years (1996-97 to 2005-06), the consumption of
petroleum products has decreased by an average rate of 0.4 percent
per annum. The consumption of gas, electricity and coal on the other
hand, has increased at an average rate of 7.8 percent, 5.1 percent and
8.8 percent per annum, respectively. It is important to note that a
structural change is taking place in energy consumption pattern in
Pakistan since 2000-01.
Slide 5) Pakistan population trend 1990-2050

Pakistan’s population is expected to climb to 403 million by 2050, a

United Nations (UN) report released Monday said.

The earth's population is expected to rise to 9.7 billion in 2050 from 7.7
billion today, according to the United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs' "World Population Prospects"

By 2050, more than half of the world's population growth will be

concentrated in just nine countries: India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Indonesia, Egypt
and the United States

“The populations of Pakistan is more than doubled in size between 1990

and 2019, with Pakistan moving up in rank from the 8th to the 5th
position .

Slide 6) economic trend 1990-2009.

The economy of Pakistan is the 23rd largest in the world in terms
of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms of
nominal gross domestic product. Pakistan has a population of over 220
million [37] (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per
capita of $1,357 in 2019,[38] which ranks 154th in the world and giving it
a PPP GDP per capita of 5,839 in 2019, which ranks 132nd in the
world for 2019.