The specific gravity of any substance is defined as the unit weight of material or soil divided by the unit weight

of distilled wat
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊𝑠/𝑉)/(𝑊𝑤/𝑉)∗𝛼

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼

Empty Pycnometer Weight W1 13.23 Temperature T (℃)

Pycnometer + Soil W2 49.5 4
Pycnometer + Soil + Water W3 87.2 15
Pycnometer + Water W4 64.5 20
Gs 2.661315 25
30
35

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2
soil divided by the unit weight of distilled water at 4 ℃.

Correction factor (𝛼)

1 w1 w2
0.9999
0.9982
0.9971
0.9957
0.9941

W2 - W1 =

𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼 -

W4 - W1 =

𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼

-
 W3 - W2 =

𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼

(W4-W1) - (W3-W2) =
𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼

-
𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦= (𝑊2 −𝑊1)/((𝑊4−𝑊1)−(𝑊3−𝑊2))∗𝛼
 w3 w4

= Weight of soil

= Weight of water in entire pycnometer

=

= Weight of water filling pycnometer excluding space occupied by soil

= Weight of Water occupying the same space as the soil