Confrontative Surface Values

Filipino Psychology
Bahala Na
Bahala na (By Faith)
• Alternatively discussed as “by
faith” as its original translation
was thought of as Bathala Na
during pre-Spanish era.
• A philosophical expression
Filipinos used when confronted
with problems
 The philosophical concept of
“fatalism”

Bahala na Whatever will be, will be

(By Fate)

Negative connotation: non-

responsibility
Internal Locus of Control

Bahala Na is theorized as the

lack of sense of internal To others, it shows a sense of
control or believing they have laziness.
the power to effect change
 Determination
and Risk-taking
• Pe-pua (1991) reinterpreted
Bahala Na as “determination and
risk-taking,” “a way of pumping
courage into one’s system so that
[one does] not buckle down in the
face of formidable obstacles”
• It shows readiness to confront
tough situations
• A declaration of confidence
Sama or Lakas ng Loob
 Varying Levels of Sama ng Loob (resentment)

Loob Bodily Meaning

Expression
Bigat ng Loob Bigat ng dugo Ill or uncomfortable
feeling
Pait ng Loob Sakit sa Bitterness
damdamin
Sama ng Loob Hinanakit Troubled Heart
How do Filipinos express sama ng loob?
Pakikibaka
Filipino Psychology
Pakikibaka (emancipatory struggle)

• Emancipate (verb) 1 : to free from restraint, control, or the

power of another especially : to free from bondage. 2 : to
release from parental care and responsibility 3 : to free from
any controlling influence (such as traditional mores or
beliefs)

• a continuation of the decolonization struggle for independence

Unang Pag-aalsa

• Dating Paniniwala vs.

Bagong Paniniwala
• Babaylan
• Anito
Emancipatory Struggle Against the Spain
Mga bayang nag-alsa:
1. Cavite
2. Laguna
3. Batangas
4. Bulacan
5. Morong (Rizal)