It is fun to fly a kite on a windy day. Trees sway when there is wind. How does wind form? When air is heated, the warm air will rise. When air is cooled, the cold air will sink. Let us do this activity to understand better. How does warm air move? How does cool air move? > ade Posen spines Light a candle and place it inside a gas jar. Place the T-shaped cardboard in the gas jar. You may need your teacher to help you. Light a wooden splinter and place it near the mouth of the gas jar on the opposite side of the candle. (——— Lighted wooden splinter }——T-shaped cardboard Lighted candle > —~6as jar4. Observe the direction of the moving smoke. Draw the movement of the smoke in the diagram below. rr 5. In your opinion, why does the smoke move in such direction? 6. What is your conclusion for this activity? In the activity above, the air above the candle is heated. Warm air rises. The cooler air from the other side flows in to fill up the empty space left by the rising warm air. The smoke of the wooden splinter shows how the air moves. . Nya Direction of Wart air [77 ein movement ;— Cool air | |Wind is the moving air. The Sun heats our Earth unevenly. Some places are heated up more than the others. At those warmer places, the warm air rises, reducing its atmospheric pressure. bi | ii Cool air sinks ~_Witd + Warm gir rises Cool Warm How is wind produced? At the cooler places, the cool air sinks toward the ground, increasing the atmospheric pressure. As the warm air rises, cool air moves in to take its place. The movement of air produces wind. Wind blows from cool places to warm places. In other words, we can also say wind is caused by air flowing from an area with a higher atmospheric pressure to an area with a lower atmospheric pressure. Cool air over land Warm air over land Wind ‘ High pressure Low pressure Always remember that a cooler area has a higher atmospheric pressure and a warmer area has a lower atmospheric pressure.Sea and land breezes Anice and gentle wind is called a breeze. If you are staying near a large body of water such as the sea, you should be familiar with land breeze and sea breeze. Let’s do the following activity first. > Glass jars > Soil > Thermometers > Retort stands 1. Fill soil and water into two separate glass jars. 2. Place a thermometer into each of them as shown below. Record their initial Thermometer — temperatures. 3. Place both jars in the Sun. 4. Record the readings of the thermometers every 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Soil Water Time | 0 minute | 5 minutes | 10 minutes | 15 minutes | 20 minutes Soil Water Bring the jars into the classroom. Record the readings of the thermometers every 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Time | 0 minute | 5 minutes | 10 minutes | 15 minutes | 20 minutes Soil Water6. Based on your first table, which gets heated up faster? Based on your second table, which cools down faster? Do soil and water absorb and release heat at different rates? What is your conclusion for this activity? Soil gets heated up and cools down faster than water. This contributes to the occurrence of sea breeze and land breeze. Sea breeze During the day, the fand and the sea are heated up by the Sun. However, the land gets heated up faster than the sea. Therefore, the air above the land becomes warmer than the air above the sea. The warm air above the land rises. The cool air from the sea moves in to take its place. This produces a breeze blowing during daytime from the sea to the land, called sea breeze. Ne * ——$———— Warm air Cool air Sea breezePeople living near the sea will experience the cool wind from the sea breeze during the day. The sea breeze carries water vapor from the sea to the land. The water vapor rises and condenses into clouds above the land. The clouds may also cause rain in the afternoon. Land breeze During night-time, the land cools down faster than the sea. The air above the sea is warmer than the air above the land. The warmer air above the sea rises. The cool air from the land moves in to take its place. This produces a breeze blowing at night from the land to the sea, called land breeze. Land breeze People living near the sea experience warm wind from the land breeze at night.In Thailand, we experience three different seasons in a year. What causes the three different seasons? What is the season that we are having now? Winter season Rainy season Summer season Thailand is affected by two monsoons ina year which are known as the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon. A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of a wind in a region. Monsoons occur in tropical areas of the world like Thailand. Northern Hemisphere Tropical areas Southern Hemisphere1. When does the Northern Hemisphere experience winter in a year? You may search the answer from the Internet or books. Let's say the Northern Hemisphere is having winter now. Which area is cooler, the land or the ocean? Color it blue. Which area has a higher atmospheric pressure, the land or the ocean? How would the wind blow? Draw arrows to show the direction of the wind in the map above during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. From what direction does this wind blow to your country during this period? Predict the weather in your country when this wind blows. Explain your reason. What is your conclusion for this activity?The Northeast Monsoon in our country starts around mid-October and ends around February. During this period, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The air above the land is cooler and dry, creating a high atmospheric pressure region. As a result, a huge amount of wind blows from this region to the ocean during this period. The wind biows to Thailand from the Northeast direction due to the Earth’s rotation. The wind brings cold and dry air to Thailand and initiates the winter season in Thailand. It is cool most of the time with a little rain during this period. Northeast Monsoon The winter season rarely affects our daily activities. The wind is cool and dry. Most activities can be carried out. Wild Himalayan Cherry Blossoms and sunflowers blossom during this season. Wild Himalayan Cherry Blossoms Sunflowers Do you like the winter season in Thailand? What are the activities that you do during the winter season?1. How does the Southwest Monsoon occur? Look for your country in this map. Color it green. When does the Northern Hemisphere experience summer in a year? You may search the answer from the Internet or books. Let's say the land in the Northern Hemisphere is having summer now. Which area, the land or the ocean, has warm air? Color it red. Which area has a lower atmospheric pressure now, the land or the ocean? How would the wind blow? Draw arrows to show the direction of the wind in the map above during summer in the Northern Hemisphere. From what direction does this wind blow to your country during this period? Predict the weather in your country when the wind blows. Give your reason. What is your conclusion for this activity?The Southwest Monsoon occurs in our country around mid-May to mid-October. During this period, it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and therefore the land is warmer than the surrounding oceans. This creates a low atmospheric pressure on the land. As a result, a wind that carries a lot of moisture blows constantly from the oceans to the land. The moist air causes the formation of clouds over the land. The clouds bring rain to the land. Therefore, it is the rainy season in our country during this period. Southwest Monsoon The rain from the Southwest Monsoon is important for the growth of crops such as rice and corn. Farmers usually plant their crops in this season. Rice planting Corn plantsWe might have to restrict our outdoor activities during the rainy season. For example, we may have to postpone a football game if it is raining heavily during the day. Instead of outdoor activities, we can have indoor activities like playing board games or solving puzzles. Playing a board game Solving a jigsaw puzzle Heavy rainfall during the rainy season usually brings floods. Floods can cause damages to properties, loss of human life, destruction of crops and loss of livestock. “MA: = House and cars flooded The flooded roads in cities can lead to traffic jams that last for hours.The transitional period from the Northeast Monsoon to the Southwest Monsoon Occurs from mid-February to mid-May, Thailand is near to the equator and thus we receive more direct sunlight. During this period, the Sun is above our heads at noon. Therefore, we receive a lot of heat from the Sun and we experience a hot summer season during this period, er Earth axis el in = me Equator AES Earth Ouring this hot season, the temperature is high. We need to drink more water and avoid being in the Sun for tao long Crops need to be watered frequently too. We need to be prudent in using water to avoid water wastage during this season as the rainfall is limited. Let's Find Out ! Which seasons do you like most? Why? What are the activities that you can do during the three seasons in Thailand? Get into groups and do a survey among your classmates. Present your findings in suitable charts.What have | learned about wind and monsoons? monsoon winter summer Northeast sea breeze wind land breeze Southwest higher floods tropical soil 10. 11. 12; is the air moving from a cool area to a warm area. Acool place hasa________ atmospheric pressure than a warm place. People living near the sea experience the ______________ during daytime. The ______________ brings wind from the land to the sea at night. gets warmed up and cools down faster than water. A___________is a seasonal change in the direction of a wind in a region. Monsoons occur in____ areas of the world. The ________ Monsoon brings cold and dry air from the land in Northern Hemisphere to Thailand The ___________ season in our country starts in mid-October and ends in February. The ____________ Monsoon causes rainy season in our country. happen frequently during rainy seasons. We experience a hot __________ season during the period when the monsoons change.EXERCISES . 1. The diagram below shows the formation of wind as the Sun heats the places unevenly. Ces © bf pus Cool air sinks Warm air rises Cool Warm a. Which place has a higher atmospheric pressure, the cool place or the warm place? b. Which place has a lower atmospheric pressure, the cool place or the warm place? c. How does the air move between the two places of different atmospheric pressures? d. Draw the movement of the air in the diagram above. 2. a. What is a breeze? b. When does a sea breeze occur?3. Underline the correct answers. During night-time, (sea breeze, land breeze) occurs at a beach. The land cools (slower, faster) than the sea. The warm air above the sea (sinks, rises). The (cool, warm) air from above the land moves in to take its place. This makes a breeze blowing from the (sea, land) to the (sea, land) at night. 4. The sentences below are incorrect. Correct them by replacing the underlined words. a. Abreeze is the seasonal change in the direction of a wind in a region. ( ) b. Our country experiences four different seasons in a year. ( ) c. Monsoons occur in polar regions of the world. ( ) d. Our country is affected by two monsoons which are known as the Northwest Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon. ( ) e. The wind of the summer season is cool and dry. ( ) f. The Southwest Monsoon causes the winter season in our country. ) g. The Northeast Monsoon usually starts around October and ends around May. ( ) h. During the transitional period from Northeast Monsoon to the Southwest Monsoon, we experience the autumn season. ( )5. The diagram below shows a tropical region on Earth. a. When does the Southwest Monsoon occur in our country? b. During the Southwest Monsoon, itis summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Which has a low atmospheric pressure, the land or the ocean? c. How does the wind blow during the Southwest Monsoon? Draw the direction of the wind in the diagram above. d. What is the season in our country during the Southwest Monsoon? e. Why is the season mentioned in your answer in (d) important? f. How does the season mentioned in your answer in (d) affect our daily activities?Oa ee Objective Questions, 1. When cool air sinks toward the ground, the atmospheric pressure of the place becomes A low B high Cc warm D cool 2. Which of the following statements is true? A Cool air rises whereas warm air sinks. B Air flows from a warm place to acool place. C Air flows from place with a higher atmospheric pressure to a place with a lower atmospheric pressure. D Air flows from a place with a lower atmosphere pressure to a place with a higher atmospheric pressure. 3. During a sea breeze, the wind moves from A the North to the South B the East to the West C the sea to the land D the land to the sea 4. Why does the air above the sea rise faster than the air above the land during a land breeze? A The land cools faster than the sea. B The sea cools faster than the land. C The amount of air above the sea is larger. D The air above the land is lighter than the air above the sea. 5. A _________ is a_ seasonal change in the direction of wind in a region. A monsoon B sea breeze C land breeze D season 6. What is the season that occurs from mid-February to mid-May in Thailand? A Rainy season B Winter season C Warm spring season D Hot summer season7. Which of the following statements is true about the Northeast Monsoon in our country? A The wind blows to Thailand from the North direction. B The monsoon brings warm and moist air to Thailand. C The wind blows from the ocean to the land. D The wind blows from the land in Northern Hemisphere to the ocean. . Which of the following statements. is true about the Southwest Monsoon in our country? A The monsoon occurs around mid-October and ends around February. B The monsoon causes a rainy season in our country. C The wind blows from the land to the ocean. D The monsoon causes a hot summer season in our country. 9. Which of the following statements 10. is true about the effect of the rainy season in our country? A The season rarely affects our daily activities. B Plants like sunflowers blossom during the season. C The season is suitable for planting crops. D Drought might occur during the season. What is the season described below? + Restricted outdoor activities + Floods might occur A Summer season B Rainy season C Winter season D Spring seasonSubjective Questions, 1. a. What is moving air known as? b. i. What happens to the air in hot areas? ii. How does this affect the atmospheric pressure? c. i. What happens to the air in cold areas? ii. How does this affect the atmospheric pressure? d. How does wind move? e. Draw to show your answers in (b), (c) and (d).2. The diagram below shows a seaside during the day. a. Which is heated up first during the day, the sea or the land? b. What happens to the air over the land during the day? c, What happens to the air above the sea? d. Label on the diagram to show the movement of the warm air and cool air. e. What do we call the wind that blows at the seaside during the day? f. What is the direction of the wind mentioned in (d) blowing?3. The diagram below shows sunflower plants blossoming in a place in Thailand. a. What is the season when the sunflower plants in our country usually blossom? b. Name the monsoon that brings the season mentioned in your answer in (a). c. When does the monsoon mentioned in your answer in (b) occur? d. Briefly explain how the monsoon occur.