TCVN 2622-1995 Fire Prevention Protection For Buildings

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Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995
Fire prevention and protection for buildings

and structures - Design requirements
1. Scope of application
Application of this code is obligatory. It is possible to apply other codes if be ensured about
technical qualifications and more safety than this code.
This code specifies basic requirements of fire prevention and protection in design, new
construction or restoration for the buildings and structures as well as design evaluation and
review of decision on putting the building into use.
When designing the building, besides complying with this code’s regulations, it is in accordance
with relevant regulations in other current codes.
Particular projects with special requirements of fire prevention and protection shall have
requirements of fire prevention and protection, such as: storage of combustible, explosive
substances and harmful chemicals. The above projects shall only apply some suitable regulations
of this code.
Temporary projects with using duration of not more than 5 years shall be applied escape route
emergency exit and refer to other sections of this code.
2. General regulation
2.1 Design of the building, big projects including the ones designed and invested by foreigner shall
apply with requirements of fire protection and prevention and have an agreement with relevant
authorities.
2.2 Building and project shall be divided into 5 fire resistance grade I, II, III, IV, V. Fire resistance
grade of the building shall be determined in accordance with fire resistance level of major
components. See Table 2.
2.3 Industrial production projects shall be divided into 6 production grades based on dangerous level
of fire and explosion and characteristics of substances and materials herein as in Table 1.
Table 1
Manufacture grade Characteristics of substances, materials included in manufacturing process
A Inflammable gases with lower limitation of inflammable and explosive
Fire and explosion concentration less or equal to 10% atmospheric volume and liquids with burning
danger temperature of less than 280C, if those gases and liquids can constitute explosive
mixture with over 5% of volume of air in the room; these substances are
inflammable and explosive when interacted together, with water or oxygen in the
atmosphere.
B Inflammable gases with lower limitation of inflammable and explosive
Fire and explosion concentration more than 10% of atmospheric volume, liquids with burning
danger temperature of 280C – 610C, burned liquids in the manufacturing condition of
equal or more than burning temperature, dusts or burned fibre with lower
explosive limitation equal or less than 65g/m3 if these liquids, gases and dust or
fibre can form an explosive composition with over 5% of atmospheric volume in
the room.
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Manufacture grade Characteristics of substances, materials included in manufacturing process
C Liquids with burned temperature of over 610C, dust or burned fibre with lower
Fire danger explosive limitation of more than 65g/m3; inflammable substances and solid
materials. The substances are inflammable when interacted with water, air or
interacted together.
D Non - flammable substances and materials in hot situation exist heat radiation,
Not show dangerous spark and fire; solids, liquids and gases burned or used for materials.
characteristics of
manufacture
E Non-flammable substances and materials in cool situation.
Not show dangerous
characteristics of
manufacture
F Inflammable gases without dilution, explosive dust with a quantity forming
Explosion danger explosive mixture of more than 5% of atmospheric volume in the room where
can make explosion (not included inflammable) under the condition of
technological process. Substances are explosive (not included inflammable)
when interacted together or with water, oxygen of atmosphere.
Note:
1) See production projects in respective production grade in Appendix B
2) Depending on dangerous characteristics of inflammable and explosive goods and materials in the
storages, we can determine a suitable production grade with regulation of Table 1.
3) Production technologies using burning fuel is liquids, gases and air or fire are not in production
grade of A, B, C.
2.4 Construction materials and elements are divided into 3 groups based on burning level:
incombustible, uninflammable and combustible. See Appendix A.
3. Terminology – definition
(In accordance with Vietnamese standard 5303-90. Fire safety. Terminology – definition)
Terminology Definition
1 2
1. Combustible substance Materials in the effect of fire or burning high
temperature, smolder or carbonization and continue to
smolder or carbonize after isolated from burning
sources.
2. Uninflammable substance Materials in the effect of fire or burning high
temperature shall burn, smolder or carbonize when
contacting with burning source. After isolating from
burning source, they will stop burning or smoldering.
3. Incombustible substance Materials in the effect of fire or burning high
temperature shall not burn, smolder and carbonize.
4. Fire resistance Characteristics of elements and structure with fire
resistance as well as resistance of forming holes and
burning to limited temperature and spreading fire.
5. Fire resistance level Time (calculated in hour or minute) from the beginning
of trying fire resistance in accordance with standard of
samples until existing one of limitation situations of
structure and elements.
6. Type of fire resisting construction of a Characteristic of fire resistance in accordance with
building standard of building and construction is specified by
fire resistance limitation of main elements.
7. Inflammation temperature Lowest temperature of inflammable.
8. Limited concentration of inflammation Upper or lower limitation of combustible substance
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Terminology Definition
1 2
(gas, air, burned dust) in its mixture with oxidizing
substance can burn when interacted by burning source.
9. Limited temperature of inflammation Upper or lower limitation of combustible substance
shall be correlative with upper or lower limitation of
burning concentration.
10. Fire spreading speed Spreading distance of fire in the horizontal or vertical
direction in an unit of time.
11. Firing source burning Energy source leads to combustibility of material.
12. Burning Oxidizing, firing and lighting reaction
13. Flame Appearance shows firing in air or dust form.
14. Spark Hot element of material is splashed or discharge
electric in the atmosphere.
15. Incandescence Burning solids with its feature of spreading heat and
lighting.
16. Smolder Burning but not making a fire of organic solid. This
will be appeared if not having enough oxygen and
making smoke.
17. Carbonization Make carbon and ash resulted from thremolysis or
firing completely organic substances.
18. Combustion Burning intendedly and controllably.
19. Fire Burning without controlling, damaging of human and
material.
20. Fire cause Direct condition and (or) situation leading to fire.
21. Threat of fire Featured situation by directly firing ability.
22. Fire hazard Ability of arising and developing available fire in the
atmosphere or any process.
23. Fire safety Situation or nature of products, methods, means of
manufacturing and areas are ensured to eliminate
ability of arising fire and limit results of fire due to
ways of organization, technical solution and
technology.
24. Evacuation Evacuating person from area of fire hazard following
exit to safety area.
25. Evacuation plan Document of guiding the way, emergency exit and
regulations of behavior, duty of related people when
helping exit from fire.
26. Fire prevention system Collect all requirements, methods, means and ways to
eliminate ability of arising fire.
27. Fire protection system Collect all requirements, methods, means and ways to
prevent fire, limit spread, ensure to fight fire, limit to
the lowest level of material and human damage.
28. Fire fighting operations Human operation and mean of fire fighting with
applied methods to prevent fire’s spread and stamp out
fire.
29.Fire extinguishing agent Substances with chemical and physical characteristics
to make conditions of stopping fire.
30. Fire fighting water supply Collect methods and means, equipments to store and
transport used water for stopping fire.
31. Method of fire fighting Method of using fire stopping substances with
necessary equipments and other means to prevent
spread and stop fire.
32. Fire liquidation Operation of human and means of fire fighting, with
applied methods to stopping fire completely and
eliminate to come back of fire.
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4. Quoted documents
1. TCVN 2622: 1978. Fire protection and fighting for the building. Design requirements
YCTK
2. TCVN 5303: 1990. Fire safety. Terminology and definition
3. TCVN 4513: 1988. Internal supply.
4. TCVN 5760: 1993. Fire fighting system, general requirements of design, installation and
usage
5. TCVN 5738: 1993. Fire alarm system. Design requirements YCTK.
5. Fire resistance of construction materials and elements of a building
5.1 The minimum fire resisting limitation and fire level of substantial elements are correlative with fire -
resisting level of the building as specified in Table 2.
Table 2
Fire resisting limitation (minute)

Load Landing, Non load – Non load – Floor plate Roof plate
Building’s
bearing wall steps and bearing bearing and other and other
fire resisting
pillar, stair other external wall internal wall load-bearing load-bearing
step
case elements of (partition) elements elements
chamber stair case
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
I 150 60 30 30 60 30
II 120 60 15 15 45 15
III 120 60 15 15 45 Not specified
IV 30 15 15 15 15 Not specified
V Not specified
Note:
1) In the building of fire resisting level III, the floor of first and upper level shall be made from
uninflammable materials, and the floor of basement with fire resisting limitation of less than 60
minutes;
2) In the building of fire resisting level IV, the floor of basement or wall foot floor shall be made
from uninflammable materials, with fire resisting limitation of less than 45 minutes;
3) In the rooms for manufacturing, using or storing inflammable and combustible liquids shall be
made from uninflammable materials;
4) Building with roofed basement which load bearing structure of the roof is made from
uninflammable material shall be roofed by inflammable materials without depending on fire resisting
level of the building;
5) Building far from railway of steamed train less than 30m shall not be roofed by inflammable
material.
5.2 Increasing fire resistance level of some elements shall not be considered to increase fire resistance
level of the building.
5.3 For fire resistance level I & II, it is possible to not comply with specified fire resistance level in Table
2 when:
a) Using steel structure having no protection in one-level production building without

depending on calculation danger in fire of production grade located there;
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b) Using steel structure having no protection in multi level production building where arrange
production level D&E;
c) Using steel structure in multi level production building where is placed production
technology grade A, B&C with the condition of protecting steel structure by uninflammable
material with fire resistance level of more than 45 minutes in all levels excluded the top
floor.
d) Using covering steel structure for roof, basement and floor in the building and public
facilities of fire resistance level I & II which are protected by uninflammable materials or
fire protection paint with fire resistance level of over 45 minutes. For building and public
facilities of more than 10 levels, structure shall be protected by uninflammable material with
fire resistance level of over 60 minutes.
5.4 Fire resistance level (minute) of substantial wooden elements in one level buildings of agriculture,
public, storage, production building of fire resistance level II as specified in Table 3.
Table 3
Substantial wooden elements

Fire resistance
Pillar External wall of Roof Internal load
level of the
column hanged panel bearing wall
building
(partition)
II 120 30 30 45 15
Note:
1) For production building, public facilities, storage and production grade B, elements shown in Table
3 shall be treated by uninflammable material;
2) Not use above wooden structures for production building, storage with production grade A&B.
5.5 Minimum fire resistance level (minute) of fire prevention parts or the buildings of all 5 fire resistance
levels shall be specified as follows:
Name of fire prevention parts Minimum fire resistance level (minute)

1. Fire prevention wall 150
2. Door, windows, gate of fire prevention 70
wall
3. Fire prevention partition 45
4. Door, windows and fire prevention 40
partition in buffering room in production
building of grade A, B&C,
5. Fire fighting floor (floor in the middle of 60
floors,
6. Fire prevention floor (floor in the middle 45
of roof basement) in the building with fire
resistance level II, III, IV.
Fire prevention parts shall be made from uninflammable materials.
5.6 Door, window, floor surface, partition wall, roof and wall decorated material in the building of all fire
resistance level can be made from inflammable materials excluded elements and structures
specified in Item 5.5.
5.7 Load bearing parts of staircase in the building of fire resistance level I, II & III (beam, landing, stairs)
must be made from uninflammable material of fire resistance level at least 60 minutes.
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2 level apartments can be installed wooden landing and stairs.
5.8 Wall, retaining wall and floor of lift sharf ,pit elevator and lifting machine room in the building of any
fire resistance level shall be made from uninflammable material with fire resistance level of at
least 60 minutes. Elevator outside the building, fire resistance level is not more than 30 minutes.
5.9 Roof of the buildings of fire resistance level I&II can be made from heat insulated and uninflammable
material in the surface of concrete plates, beam and fibro cement plate. Heat insulated cover in
corrugated iron or metal roof shall be made from uninflammable or incombustible materials.
One or two level production buildings of fire resistance level I & II, one level storage of fire
resistance level II with non-protected cover steel elements shall be made from inflammable
material in the surface of steel plate, fibro cement as well as hollow panel. For production building
and storage of production grade A, B, C can use automatically watering system. Not use
inflammable synthetic materials to insulate heat from this building.
5.10 For external wall of one or two level houses with fire resistance level II, III made from steel plate or
fibro cement, heat insulated cover shall be made from uninflammable materials.
5.11 In apartments of more than 3 levels, retaining wall among blocks shall be made from uninflammable
material with fire resistance level of at least 60 minutes. Retaining wall among apartments shall be
made from uninflammable material with fire resistance level of at least 40 minutes. For buildings
of less than 6 levels with fire resistance grade II, III, partition among rooms of an apartment are
made from uninflammable material with fire resistance grade at least 15 minutes.
5.12 Partition covering corridor among buildings of fire resistance grade I shall be made from
uninflammable material with fire resistance level at least 30 minutes and fire resistance grade II,
III, IV shall be made from incombustible and uninflammable materials with fire resistance level at
least 15 minutes. For building with fire resistance grade II of production grade D, E, it is possible
to cover glass corridor.
5.13 In building of fire resistance grade I, II & III, floor and ceiling of basement, wall foot closest floor
shall be made from uninflammable material with fire resistance level at least 90 minutes.
5.14 In building of more than 3 levels with fire resistance grade I, II & III, floor of lift room, lobby with its
way from staircase to external door shall have fire resistance at least 60 minutes.
Note:
1) 3 level building of fire resistance grade III, floor, lift room’s entrance and lobby can have
fire resistance level of 45 minutes if there is a direct exit;
2) In the theatre, club, house of culture, meeting hall with fire resistance grade II, floor of
audience room and waiting room shall be made from incombustible material with fire
resistance level of at least 60 minutes;
3) Floor and ceiling of stage equipments storages shall be made from incombustible materials
with fire resistance level at least 60 minutes;
4) In hospital, clinic, maternity hospital, theatre, club, house of culture, shop with combustible
fuel, floor and ceiling of these shall be made from incombustible material with fire
resistance level at least 90 minutes for building of fire resistance grade II&III and at least
60 minutes for building of fire resistance grade IV&V;
5) In buildings of fire resistance grade IV&V with basement and wall foot closest level, floor of
these levels shall be made from incombustible material with fire resistance at least 60
minutes;
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6) In meeting hall, audience room, meeting room with roof basement, floor of this basement
shall be made from uninflammable material with fire resistance level at least 60 minutes.
5.15 Frame of hanged ceiling shall be made from incombustible material. Lining, hanged ceiling can be
made from combustible material excluded ceiling sheets in corridor, staircase, lift room, lobby,
foyer, waiting room of the building of fire resistance grade I - IV.
Space between hanged ceiling and roof shall not be installed gutter, gas pipeline, mixture of dust,
liquids and combustible material.
5.16 Structures forming floor slope in the rooms shall be appropriate with fire resistance level of bars and
fire resistance elements of floor specified in Table 2.
5.17 In production rooms using or maintaining combustible liquids, floor shall be made from incombustible
materials.
In building of all fire resistance grade excluded grade V, it is impossible to execute completion of
tiling wall and main corridor’s gate, lift room, lobby, waiting room, sitting room by combustible
materials. Not install floor with combustible material in front of lift room, buffering room of lift
room. Building with fire resistance grade I – III shall not be used combustible and uninflammable
material to finish external surface of the wall.
Door of fire wall cabinet to install fire fighting hydrant mouth shall be made from combustible
material.
5.18 In industrial zone, building from any production grade when starting to produce shall not use
temporary houses of combustible material.
6. Fire resistance sections
6.1 Fire resistance sections of the building include: fire resistance wall, partition, floor, area, cabinet
and door.
6.2 Fire resistance parts shall be made from incombustible material. Door, window and structures in
fire resistance parts shall be made from incombustible or uninflammable material with specified
fire resistance level.
6.3 Fire prevention wall shall be constructed from foundation or foundation beam to total height of the
building, through all structures and levels. It is possible to install prevention wall directly to frame
structure made from incombustible material with the condition of fire resistance level of frame
connected with fire resistance wall shall not be less than one of fire prevention wall.
6.4 Fire prevention wall shall be higher than roof surface 60cm if the roof and its one part is made
from combustible material, not less than 30cm if made from uninflammable material.
It is possible to construct fire prevention wall not higher than the roof if all parts of the roof are
made from uninflammable.
Note: Fire prevention wall or partition, in rooms with ceiling hanged or imitation ceiling, shall be
divided above space of the ceiling.
6.5 In building with its external wall of inflammable or uninflammable material, fire prevention wall
shall be passed through those walls and exposed from wall surface not less than 30cm. Fire
prevention wall can be unexposed from external surface if external wall is made from
incombustible material.
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6.6 Hole of the door in wall surface contiguous to fire prevention wall must be far from crossing place
between 2 walls in the direction of horizontal at least 4m and door shall have fire resistance level
at least 45 minutes.
6.7 In fire prevention wall, it is possible to install smoke conduits, ventilation duct; crossing point
between wall and duct ,pipeline shall be concealed by mortar, fire resistance level of wall where
install duct ,pipelines is not less than 150 minutes.
6.8 Design of fire prevention wall must be calculated to ensure durability when be damaged from fire
of floor, roof or other structures.
6.9 Fire prevention floor must be installed closely with external wall of incombustible material. When
external wall of the building can transmit fire or is installed glass, fire prevention floor must be
passed through wall and that installed glass.
6.10 In any case, it is possible to replace fire prevention wall for fire prevention area of less than 12m
width. Fire prevention area is a buffering space separating the building in the direction of width
(length) and height.
Rooms in fire prevention area shall not use or maintain gases, liquids and combustible materials as
well as process of making combustible dust. Fire resistance level of elements and structures of the
building in fire prevention area must ensure:
- 45 minutes for retaining wall between fire prevention wall and other areas
- 15 minutes for partition
- 150 minutes for pillar
- 45 minutes for floor, roof and external wall
Note: In one floor house of fire resistance level II, IV, V without using, maintaining combustible
gases, liquids as well as process of making combustible dust it is possible to replace fire
prevention wall for fire prevention area of not less than 6m width.
6.11 In the border of fire prevention area with other areas, there should be fire prevention wall with fire
resistance level not less than 45 minutes and vertical partition of incombustible materials within
height limitation of roof’s load bearing structures not less than 1.5m.
6.12 Structural resolutions of fire prevention area in the building as designed must be ensured about
functions of fire prevention area when structures connecting with it are destroyed at one side by
fire.
6.13 In fire prevention parts, it is possible to install doors, windows, gates, door holes and valves if they
are doors and valves with fire prevention or fire prevention buffering space. Total area of types of
door and hole in fire prevention parts is not more than 25% of area of those parts. Fire prevention
door and gate shall be automatically closed ones. Fire prevention window must be non-
automatically opened one.
6.14 Wall, floor, door of buffering area shall be possible to prevent fire. Buffering area must be
installed close door of combustible material of not less than 4cm wall thickness depth if this door
is opened towards rooms where does not use or maintain combustible substances and material as
well as not have process related to making combustible dust.
6.15 Not install pipelines, technical risers well ditches to transport inflammable gas, liquid, solid as
well as dust and combustible materials through fire prevention wall, floor and area.
6.16 Pipelines, channel, technical risers well (excluded water and steam conduit) used for transporting
substances and materials different from types mentioned in Item 15, when passing through fire
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prevention wall, floor and area, must be installed equipments of preventing automatically fire
spread when having fire.
6.17 Structures surrounding lift shaft ladder well and lift machine room of lift, channels, technical
risers ,well, wall corner hallow for installing conduit pipelines shall be ensured requirements of
fire prevention wall, partition and floor with fire resistance level not less than 60 minutes.
Note: If not install in lift shaft at fire prevention doors, then should buffering pit with fire
prevention partition with fire resistance level 45 minutes.
7. Escape route Emergency exit
7.1 Escape route or Emergency exit must be ensured that everyone can escape from the building
safely without dust and smoke coverage in the necessary time to evacuate at the time of fire.
7.2 Exits are deemed to be emergency exit if they meet one of the following conditions:
a) Leading from rooms in 1st floor directly outside or through corridor, lobby, lift room;
b) Leading from rooms of any floor, excluded 1st floor, to corridor leading to lift room, including
through buffering area. Then, lift room must have direct exit or through lobby separated with
corridors by partition with door.
c) Leading to nearby rooms at the same floor with exit as shown in Item a & b
When installing emergency exit from 2 lift rooms through common lobby, one of two lift rooms
must have direct exit excluding lobby entrance.
Exit can be constructed through buffering partition
Exit from basement, pillar foot floor shall be leading directly outside.
7.3 Exit may be door, corridor or path to internal or external staircase to street or roof, or safe area.
Exit is included vertical path leading to nearby building at the same height.
7.4 Lift Escalator and other means of man transportation are not considered to be emergency exit.
7.5 Exits must be visible and path leading to exit must be marked clearly by guiding sign.
7.6 Not install glass nearby exit.
7.7 Quantity of emergency exit is not more than 2 and are scattered everywhere.
The furthest distance from concentrating place to the nearest emergency exit is specified in Table
4 & 5.
Table 4 – The furthest distance from working place to the nearest exit in production house
Possible furthest distance in the building (m)

Production Fire resistance
Multi-floor house
grade grade 1 floor
2 floor Over 2 floor
A I & II 50 40 40
B I & II 100 75 75
C III 80 60 60
IV 50 30 -
V 50 - -
D I & II Not specified Not specified
III 100 60 60
IV 50 40 -
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V 50 - -
E I & II Not specified Not specified
III 100 75 75
IV 60 50 75
V 50 40 75
F Major 100 80 75
construction
structure of the
building (wall,
pillar, floor must
be incombustible
material)
Note:
1) Specified distance in this table can be applied for the 1st floor of multi-floor house like as one
level house;
2) Specified distance in this table can be increased by 5% if annual area of each working place
of the largest shift is over 75m2;
3) For rooms with the path to short corridor, the nearest distance from the door to direct exit,
lobby or lift room is not more than 25m;
4) Specified distance in this table is calculated for both length of the middle corridor if it is
considered to be emergency exit;
5) In one floor production house, fire resistance level I & II with production grade C, when not
applied as in Table 5, emergency exit shall be placed in accordance with house’s perimeter
and distance of not more than 75m.
Table 5 – The furthest distance from concentrating place to the nearest exit in civil works
Possible furthest distance (m)

From rooms between 2 emergency exits From rooms with
entrance of middle or
short side corridor
Fire Secondary Kindergarten Hospital Public Tenement Public Tenement
resistance house in works house works apartment
level industrial shown
buildings in
column
2,3,4,5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
I 50 20 30 40 40 25 25
II 50 20 30 40 40 25 25
III 30 15 25 30 30 15 20
IV 25 12 20 25 25 12 15
V 20 10 15 20 20 20 10
Note:
1) In buildings for audience, specified distance in Table 5 shall be calculated from the furthest sit to
the nearest exit;
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2) Distance from door of secondary rooms in production house to the nearest exit or lift room dose
not exceed specified distance from the furthest working place to emergency exit in one floor production
house with respective fire resistance level in Table 4.
7.8 Room with area of 300m2 in basement or pillar foot floor can be placed one exit if permanent
number of person in the room is not more than 5. In case of 6 – 15 persons, it is possible to
constructed the second exit through the door of not less than 0.6 x 0.8m, straight staircase or
through the door with its size of not less than 0.75 x 1.5m
7.9 Install handrail or retaining wall in the roof of the houses with the following conditions:
Slope of roof (%) Height from the earth to the top of external wall or
eaves (m)
12 10
12 7
Install handrail along retaining wall for plat roof (in case of using roof), balcony, outside staircase,
landing of the staircase.
7.10 For houses with the height from earth to roof or top of external wall (roof’s retaining wall) from
10m or more, path to the roof should be installed from internal staircase well lit room (directly or
pass through roof basement or outside fire fighting staircase or ladder)
For houses, public houses and administrative – service house with roof basement, path to the roof
should be installed at each 100m length of the building. For places without roof basement, it
should be installed an exit for each area of the roof around 1,000m2.
For production house, storage, it should be installed a fire fighting ladder. It is possible to uninstall
fire fighting ladder at the main side of the building if its width is not more than 150m and there is
fire fighting water supply in front of the building. When determining necessary exit in the roof, it
is possible to calculate other external ladders with a path to the roof.
In roof basement, it should be installed path to the roof with fixed ladder through door, door hole
or window of not less than 0.6 x 0.8m. Ii is possible to uninstall path to the roof in one floor
houses with roof of less than 100m2.
7.11 In front of exit from lift room to the roof or roof basement, lading should be installed in the
staircase.
In 5-floor houses, public houses, administrative-service houses, it is possible to install exit in the
roof basement or roof from lift room through fire protection hole with fire resistance level 36
minutes, its size of 0.6 x 0.8m and fixed steel steps.
7.12 In the roof, it should be installed opened fire fighting ladder at some places with height difference
over 1m (including place leading to the roof for light), not depending on height of the building.
7.13 Fire fighting ladder should be installed in visible place, the lowest step is away from the earth 2m,
calculating from surface of floor.
If at 20m height, vertical steel ladder of 0.7m width from the height 10m must have safety guard
insurance circular of 0.35m radius which its centre heart is far from the ladder 0.45m and
separated from each other 0.7m; lading in place to the roof and surrounding landing should have
handrail of at least 0.6m height.
If at 20m of height, using steel ladder stair sloping not more than 800, 0.7m width, landing is
installed away from each other not more than 8m and has handrail.
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7.14 In case of using external fire fighting ladder for a secondary emergency exit, the ladder must be
0.7m width, slope of not more than 600 and with handrail.
7.15 In production house and houses of public facilities (including auxiliary house of industrial
building), total width of emergency exit of ladder or path must be calculated according to number
of person in the most floor (excluded the first floor) in accordance with the lowest width as
follows:
a) For 1 – 2 floor houses: 0.8m for 100 persons

b) For houses of 3 level or more: 1 m for 100 persons
c) For audience room (theatre, circus, hall, etc.): 0.55m for 100 persons
Note: In audience room with fire resistance level III, IV, V, total width of door, ladder’s step or
path to exit must calculate 0.8m for 100 persons.
7.16 When doors opened into common corridor, calculated width of emergency exit shall be as
follows:
- When opening into 1 side of the corridor: width of the corridor minus half of door’s width;
- When opening into 2 sides of the corridor: width of the corridor minus door’s width.
7.17 The minimum clearance width of emergency exit shall be as follows:
Emergency exit Possible minimum width (m)

Path 1
Corridor 1.4
Door 0.8
Ladder’s step 1.05
Note:
1) Path’s width to isolated working place can be decreased by 0.7m. Width of step of landing
into basement, roof basement and emergency staircase for not more than 60 persons can be
decreased by 0.90m;
2) Width of inside corridor can be decreased by 1.2m when length of straight section of corridor
is not more than 40m;
In hotel, school, width of middle corridor is at least 1.6m
3) Width of landing is not smaller than width of step. Width of landing in front of entrance of lift
with horizontal opened door is not less than 1.6m. Width of landing in the building of disease
protection and fighting, maternity hospital is not less than 1.9m.
There should be minimum slit of 50mm among steps.
7.18 Clearance height of door at emergency exit is not less than 2m. Height of door and path to the
rooms of few people as well as to basement, wall foot floor and technical floor can be decreased
by 1.9m. Height of door leading to nearby roof floor or roof (when not having nearby roof floor)
can be decreased by 1.5m.
7.19 Not place wall cabinet in common corridor except technical cabinet and fire box of fire fighting
hydrant mouth.
Not install spiral staircase, sector step; folded door, pushed door, lifted door, revolving door at
emergency exit.
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7.20 In staircase well lift room for emergency exit, not place rooms of any function. Not place any
part exposed from wall surface at 2.2m height away from surface of steps and landing.
7.21 In houses with fire resistance level I & II, it is possible to install inside opened staircase (without
separating wall) from lobby to 2nd floor if the lobby is separated from corridor near adjacent rooms
by fire fighting partition with fire resistance level of 45 minutes.
7.22 External opened staircases used for standby emergency exit shall be made from incombustible
material and crossed rooms through landing or balcony at the same height of emergency exit. The
above staircase must have slope of not more than 450 and width of not less than 0.7m. These doors
and exit from staircases shall not have lock or bolt from outside.
7.23 Not install holes (except door hole) in inside wall of lift room, hole for light of lift room installed
glass, shall be install opened frame of not less than 1.2m2 in each floor.
7.24 Door in emergency path must be opened outside.
Door into balcony, ground, landing of outside staircase for emergency exit, exit of less than 15
person rooms, storages of not more than 200m2, medical station, toilet can be designed opened
into inside room.
7.25 In house of 10 floors or more, it should design staircase well lift room with the method of not
gathering smoke when firing. At 1st floor, staircase well lift room should be placed direct exit.
7.26 In the building of more than 10 floors, corridor must be divided into sections of not more than
60m length by fire protection partition with fire resistance level at least 15 minutes. Corridors,
buffering room, lobby shall be installed ventilation and automatically opened valve when firing to
exit smokes.
8. Requirements of traffic and distance of fire protection and fighting
8.1 Requirements of distance of fire protection and fighting among the buildings as well as traffic
works serviced for fire fighting shall be solved in association with requirements of area planning
of the building.
8.2 Distance of fire protection and fighting between house and building is navigation one among
external wall or structure of the building.
In case that the building with exposed structure from external surface of wall more than 1m and
combustible material, distance of fire protection and fighting is the one between 2 external sides of
that structure.
8.3 For houses and civil buildings, distance of fire protection and fighting is specified in Table 6.
Table 6
Fire resistance level of Distance to 2nd building with fire resistance level (m)
1st building I & II III IV V
I & II 6 8 10 10
III 8 8 10 10
IV 10 10 12 15
V 10 10 15 15
Note:
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1) Fire protection distance among the gables is not specified if the gable of the highest building
is fire prevention wall;
2) 2 level houses, framed and fitted structure of fire resistance grade V, specified distance in
Table shall be increased by 20%;
3) For mountainous region, areas with hot and dry wind (South west wind in weather region of
construction IIB in design standard TCXD 49-72), distance from house and building of any
fire resistance grade to the one of fire resistance grade IV & V must be increased by 25%;
4) Opposite external wall of 2 houses without window’s hole, fire prevention distance specified
in Table 6 can be decreased by 20%
8.4 Main and local streets shall be far from house and public house’s wall not more than 5m in the
way to house.
8.5 Distance between local streets passing through or inserted between houses shall be ensure not to
exceed 180m.
8.6 Length of short road of 1 lane is not more than 150m, road end shall be constructed a U-turn park
with the area:
- Equilateral triangle shape with side size of not less than 7m

- Square shape with side size of not less than 12 x 12m
- Circular shape with diameter of not less than 10m
8.7 Local street passing through the house, gate or corridor shall be ensured:
- Navigation free width: not less than 3.5m
- Navigation free height: not less than 4.25m
8.8 For industrial buildings, distance of fire protection and fighting among houses is specified in Table
7.
Table 7
Fire resistance Distance from houses and buildings (m)

level of houses or Fire resistance level of nearby houses and buildings
buildings I ÷ II III IV ÷ V
(1) (2) (3) (4)
I + II - Not specified for houses 9 12
and buildings of
production grade D & E 9
– (for houses and
buildings of production
grade A, B & C)
III 9 12 15
IV + V 12 15 18
Note: For houses and buildings of fire resistance level I & II with production grade A, B&C
specified in Table 7, distance between houses and buildings shall be decreased from 9m by 6m if
having one of the following conditions:
a) Set fixed automatic fire alarm system;

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b) Quantity of permanent combustible substances in the house is 10kg/m2 of
floor or less.
8.9 For industrial buildings, arrangement of street to each house shall be in associated with
requirements of technology and street for outside fire engine.
8.10 Street for outside fire engine shall be ensured:
Run along one side of the house when its width is less than 18m
Run along two sides of the house when its width is equal or more than 18m
8.11 Street for operated fire engine shall be ensured:
- its width is not less than 3.5m
- Consolidated surface of street is ensured to drain in the surface
8.12 Distance between wall and street’s edge for operated fire engine is not more than 25m
Note:
1) Can place short road for operated fire engine when having U-turn park at the end of the road
as requested in Item 8.6;
2) Place the road leading to water supply location to fight fire (lake, pond, river, tank, etc.). At
this water supply location, there should be U-turn park as requested in Item 8.6
8.13 Minimum distance between exposed storage with combustible material and houses and buildings
is specified in Table 8.
Table 8
Distance between storage and houses & buildings (m)

Storage Fire resistance level
I ÷ II III IV ÷ V
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Quantity fossil coal:
- Under 1000 ton Not specified 6 12
- From 1000 ton to under 1000 ton 6 6 12
-
Coal dust and peat:
- From 1000 ton to under 100,000 ton 24 30 36
- Under 1000 ton
18 24 30
Pieced peat:
- From 1000 ton under 100,000 ton 18 18 24
- Under 1000 ton
12 15 18
Firewood (circular wood, cut wood):
- From 1000m3 to under 10,000m3
15 24 30
Shaving, sawdust:
- From 1000m3 to 5000m3 18 30 36
- Under 1000m3
13 13 24
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Distance between storage and houses & buildings (m)
Storage Fire resistance level
I ÷ II III IV ÷ V
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Combustible liquid:
- From 1000m3 to under 2000m3 30 30 36
- From 600m3 to under 1000m3
- Under 600m3 24 24 30
18 18 24
Burned liquid:
- From 5000m3 to under 3000m3 30 30 36
- From 3000m3 to under 5000m3
- Under 3000m3 24 24 30
- Under 1000m3
18 18 24
12 15 18
Flammable liquids:
- from 5,000m3 to under 10,000 m3. 30 30 36
- from 3,000m3 to under 5,000 m3. 24 24 30
- under 3,000 m3. 18 18 24
- under 1,000 m3. 12 15 18
Note:
1) It is not stipulated the distance from houses or buildings to the following stockpiles
- Coal stockpile containing under 10 tons
- Flammable liquid stockpiles with capacity under 100m3 or fossil coal or coal dust
or peat with a capacity under 1,000 tons of which the building walls towards
these stockpiles are fire-proof ones.
2) For woods or coal stockpiles, when piling up higher than 2.5m, the minimum distance
as shown on Table 8 for houses and buildings having fire grades of IV and V shall
increase 28%;.
3) The distance shown on Table 8, from coal dust, peat, woods, flammable liquids
stockpiles to houses and buildings classified as A and B Production Categories as
well as to resident houses and public buildings shall increase 25%.
4) The distance from gas distribution station to the adjacent houses and buildings shall
conform to Point 6 of the table.
9. Solutions for structure, engineering and equipment
9.1 Number of floors, limited length, maximum construction area based on fire-rate of
civil works are stipulated in Table 9.
Table 9
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Max. limited length of the Max. construction area
house/building, (m) allowed, (m)
Fire-rate No. of floors
With fire- Without fire- With fire- Without fire-
proof walls proof walls proof walls proof walls
I ÷II Not stipulated Not stipulated 110 Not stipulated 2,200
III 1÷5 Not stipulated 90 Not stipulated 1,800
IV 1 140 70 2,800 1,400
IV 2 100 50 2,000 1,000
V 1 100 50 2,000 1,000
V 2 80 40 1,600 800
Note: For unit-styled resident houses with fire-rates of I and II having supporting
structure for non-flammable roof, it is allowed not to build fire-proof walls.
9.2 The required fire-rate and limited number of floors of kindergartens, hospitals,
maternity clinics, schools, shops, meeting halls, cultural houses, clubs, cinemas shall
be subject to construction size and as stipulated in Table 10.
Table 10
Building names and sizes Building fire grades Limited number of floors
Kindergartens and pre-school

a) Under 50 children V ÷ IV 1 floor
b) Over 50 children III ÷ II 2 floors
Hospital, maternity clinic
a) Under 50 beds V ÷ IV 1 floor
b) Over 50 beds III 2 floors
c) Not subject to number of beds II Not stipulated
School
a) Under 360 seats V ÷ IV 1 floor
b) From 360 to 720 seats III 2 floors
c) From 720 seats or more II 4 floors
Cultural works (cinemas, theaters, etc)
a) Under 800 seats III 2 floors
b) Over 800 seats II Not stipulated
Meeting hall, club, cultural house
a) Under 300 seats V ÷ IV 1 floor
b) From 300 to 800 seats III 3 floors
c) Over 800 seats II Not stipulated
V 1 floor
Trading buildings (misc. goods, food, IV 2 floors
foodstuffs) not subject to size. III 3 floors
II Not stipulated
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9.3 In resident houses, when public-using rooms (such as shops, public rooms,
kindergartens, pre-schools) are arranged, these rooms shall be separated from other
residential rooms by non-flammable walls and floors with fire-rate not under 45
minutes.
9.4 Maximum number of floors allowed, required fire-rate of the house/building and
maximum floor area allowed between fire-proof walls according to production
category shall be as stipulated in Table 11.
Table 11
Max. floor area between fire-

Max.
Building proof walls
number
Production category fire 1-floor 2-floor more than
of floor
grade building building 2-floor
allowed
building
1. A and B 6 I Not stipulated
2. A and B (not in cases of 6 II
chemical production and petroleum
processing)
3. A (chemical production and 6 II not 5,200 3,500
petroleum processing) stipulated
4. B (chemical production and 6 II 10,400 7,800
petroleum processing)
not
I ÷ II Not stipulated
stipulated
5. C 3 III 5,200 3,500 2,600
1 IV 2,600
1 V 1,200
not
stipulated
6. D 3 III 6,500 2,500 3,500
1 IV 3,500
1 V 1,500
not
stipulated
7. E 3 III 7,800 6,500 3,500
1 IV 3,500
1 V 2,600
not see Table
8. F Not stipulated
stipulated 4
Note:
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1) For production compartments having automatic fire-fighting equipment (drencher
or sprinkler styles), the floor area between fire-proof walls is allowed to increase
100% against the standards stipulated in Table 11.
2) When production rooms or compartments are equipped with automatic fire

alarming equipment, the floor area between fire-proof walls is allowed to increase 25%
against the standards stipulated in Table 11.
3) The first floor area between the fire-proof walls of multi-story buildings shall
conform to the standard applied for one-story building when the ceiling of the first
floor has a fire-rate of 150 minutes.
4) For houses/buildings having fire-rate II, which are relevant to wood processing,
then the floor area between fire-proof walls are not stipulated for one-story
houses/buildings. As for two-story houses/buildings, the floor area between two
fire-proof walls shall be 7,800 m2 at maximum; while for more than two-story
houses/buildings, the maximum floor area between two fire-proof walls shall be
5,200m2.
5) In one-story production houses/buildings having fire-rates of I and II, it is allowed

not to design fire-proof walls. This rule shall not be applied for fire-rate II
houses/buildings producing chemicals or processing petroleum products,
warehouses storing flammable materials or products; and houses/buildings
processing woods.
6) In one-story houses/buildings having fire-rate of II, IV and V, due to technical

requirements it is possible to design fire-proof sections instead of walls, at that
time the floor area between two fire-proof sections shall conform to the same
standard applied for that between two fire-proof walls as stipulated in Table 11.
9.5 In the case several production categories are in the same building/house or a part of
the house/building limited between two fire-proof walls, fire grades as well as
allowed number of floors, it is required to define based on the production category
having the most dangerous level in terms of fire/explosion therein.
Note: When the area and volume of rooms having the most dangerous fire/explosion
level not exceed 5% against the area or volume of the whole house/building or part
of it located between two fire-proof walls, this rule shall not be applied. At that time,
separate measures of fire-protection shall be taken (local ventilation to prevent from
the possibilities of fire occurred in these rooms and fire spreading from these rooms
to the whole house/building.
9.6 It is not permitted to locate any production category or warehouses storing cellulose
and flammable porous materials in the basement. In special cases, due to production
line requirement, it is allowed to locate the production categories C,D and E in the
basement and the wall-foot floor and the rules stated in item 9.13 of this Standard
shall be observed then.
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9.7 Rooms having production categories A and B, if allowed by technical requirements,
should be located adjacent to the external wall of a one-story house/building or in the
top floor of a multi-story building.
9.8 In the rooms belonging to production categories A and B, it is required to design

separating components which are easy to burst outwards. The area of easily-burst
components shall be defined through calculation. When no calculation figure is
available, the area of easily-burst components shall not be less than 0.05m2 for each
cubic meter of Category A rooms and not less than 0.03m2 for Category-B rooms.
Note:
1) Glass window of an opening is considered as an easily-burst component when

the glass thickness is 3, 4 and 5 cm within an area not less than 0.8, 1 and 1.5m2
respectively. Glass windows made with re-bars shall not be considered as easily-
burst components.
2) The easily-burst component of a roof shall be divided into squares with area not
exceeding 180m2/each.
3) Calculated load of each easily burst component shall not exceed 700N/m2.
9.9 The floors of places where locating machines, equipment consuming flammable
liquids and poisons shall have partitions made of non-flammable materials or trays.
Height of partitions or area between them or area of the tray shall be specified in
technical designs.
9.10 When locating in the same room the production categories with various levels of
fire/explosion risks, it is required to design solutions preventing fire/explosion from
spreading locally (such as tightly covering the equipment, locally fire extinguishing,
guarding equipment, etc.)
When arranging categories A, B and C in the individual rooms of a house/building

having fire grades of I and II, it is required to separate these rooms from the others
with fire-proof walls having fire-resistant limit at least 45 minutes, while the doors
of these fire-proof walls shall have a fire-resistant limit of at least 40 minutes.
9.11 When designing doors of fire-proof walls and partitions which cannot be installed
with fire-proof doors between the rooms having production categories of C, D and E,
these passages shall be designed with a buffer room with length not under 4m,
equipped with automatic fire-fighting equipment with required water flow of 1 11l/s
for each square meter of the buffer room area. The walls of such buffer room shall
have fire-resistant limit not lower than 45 minutes.
9.12 In one-story building with fire-rate IV, it is allowed to locate rooms of production
categories A and B with common area not over 300m2. In this case, the above-said
shall be separated by fire-proof walls. The enclosing wall of these rooms shall be
made of non or hardly flammable materials.
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9.13 The basements where locating rooms of production categories C, D and E,

warehouses storing flammable materials and non-flammable materials contained in
flammable packages shall be equipped with automatic fire fighting equipment and be
separated by fire-proof walls into sections with an area not less than 3,000 m2/each
and a width not exceeding 30m for each section (including enclosing wall). In such
rooms, it is required to design windows with width not less than 0.7m and height not
less than 1.2m. The total area of the windows shall not be less than 2% of floor area.
For rooms with area more than 1,000m2, it is required to design at least 2 windows.
The ceiling of basement shall have fire-resistant limit not less than 45 minutes.
The corridor shall be 2m wide or more, with direct exit or through staircase lift
chamber. The walls separating the corridor from the rooms shall be fire-proof ones.
9.14 Houses, buildings and other exposed equipment which during production emit gases,
dusts and smokes having fire/explosion risks, as well as warehouses storing
petroleum products, flammable materials, poisonous materials shall not be located at
places where wind may blow towards other houses/buildings.
9.15 It is not allowed to design rooms in which flammable materials in gas or liquid state
are stored or used as well as the processes producing flammable dust under the
rooms where often accommodate up to 50 people.
9.16 It is not allowed to locate boiler with pressure more than 0.7 at or with water
temperature more than 115oC in residential houses, public houses and buildings.
It shall not be located boiler operated by gas under houses where often accommodate
some 50 people.
In cases it is required a boiler for a construction work, it shall be located in a

separate house to ensure fire/explosion protection requirements are met.
9.17 It is not permitted to arrange flammable gas/liquid conduct pipeline under

houses/buildings.
9.18 In the tunnels where there are few passers-by, it is allowed to locate gas conduct
pipes having pressure under 6.105 N/m2 (6kg/cm2) together with other conduits and
communication cables, provided that there shall be ventilation and lighting
equipment therein.
9.19 It is not allowed to locate in combination in the same tunnel:
- Gas conduits with electrical cables and lighting cables.

- Heat conduits with other flammable liquid conduits and refrigerant ducts.
- Fire-fighting water supply pipes with flammable liquid/gas ducts or power
cables.
- Flammable liquid ducts with power cables and water supply/drainage network.
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- Oxygence pipe with Flammable liquid pipe or poison gas pipe with power
cables
9.20 It is not permitted to locate gas conduits, fire/explosion-causing materials or

environmental pollution-causing conduct pipes on the ground.
9.21 Flammable liquid conduits, if placed underground, shall be ensured to be at least

30cm away from the ground and be divided into sections not exceeding 60m long.
The sections shall be separated from each other by fire-proof fences which cover
around the pipes and made of non-flammable materials.
Note: Poisonous materials conduits as well as gas conduits with pressure over 1 at
shall not be located through tunnels where can also be used for pedestrians.
9.22 Flammable liquid conduits located on high places shall be kept away from
house/building walls with openings at least 3m and away from walls without
opening at least 0.5m.
It is not allowed to locate such pipes in high places in following cases:
a) Pipes conducting flammable liquids, gases on the viaducts, towers and columns
made of flammable materials or on the flammable walls/roofs.
b) Pipes conducting mixtures which may cause fire/explosion with flammable

liquid/gas product conduits located at the next corridor.
c) Flammable gas conduits
- located on the roof and wall of a house/building in which explosive/dangerous

materials are stored.
- crossing the house/building standing alone, without gas supply demand.
- in the warehouses where flammable materials are stored.
- On power transmission lines.
9.23 Pipebridges Overpasses, roads to install service pipes which include flammable
liquids conduits, shall be built of non-flammable materials.
Note:
1) It is not allowed to place in the same Pipebridges overpass or transportation

road line pipes conducting gas/liquid which their mixtures can cause
explosion/fire or poisoning.
2) For Pipebridges or transmision line pipes overpasses and transportation roads

on which service pipes conducting flammable gases/liquids are located, it is
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allowed to arrange a separate walkway passage to serve for these pipes within
the Pipebridges or transmision line pipes overpass/transportation road.
9.24 Pipebridges or transmision line pipes Overpasses, transportation roads on which

locating equipment to transport non-flammable materials and materials which can be
burnt in fragment shapes (coal, peat or shavings, etc.) or pipes conducting non-
flammable liquids, as well as overpasses or transporting conveyor belts for walking
but not emergency exit can be made of flammable materials.
In cases these overpasses, conveyor belts are located in front of houses/buildings,

they shall be made of non-flammable materials.
9.25 The overpasses/transporting conveyor belts made of either hardly flammable or

easily flammable materials shall ensure the following conditions:
a) The overpasses/transporting conveyor belts shall be divided into sections not

exceeding 100m long. The sections shall be separated by fire-proof distances
with length of 5m at minimum.
b) Where the overpass and transporting conveyor belt cross, either at the same or
different elevation, the crossing location shall be a fire-proof distance with
minimum length of 5m.
c) The corridor and overpass made of flammable materials shall ensure the
following:
- located at least 8m away from fire-grade III buildings.
- located at least 18m away from fire-grades IV and V buildings.
If the overbridge overpass/corridor have a distance smaller than that mentioned

above, they shall be made of non-flammable materials. The above-mentioned
distance shall not be applied once the overpass/corridor border on a fire-proof
wall or tightly covered wall without door.
9.26 It is allowed to combine overpass, transporting road with walkway in following

cases:
a) The transported commodities are non-flammable or explosive materials.

b) The transportation means shall be safe for pedestrians.
9.27 In the rooms having gas, using or storing burning gas, flammable or explosive
liquids or dusts, it is required to design ventilation measures to eliminate fire,
explosion possibilities in such rooms. It is not allowed to locate heat conduits going
through these rooms. In case it is necessary to place heat conduits there, these pipes
shall be isolated from surrounding environment with non-flammable materials. If
there are no fire, explosion risks in the rooms, then the heat conduits can be isolated
with hardly flammable materials.
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9.28 Gas conduits, air chamber, air filter part or other parts of ventilation system which
conduct gas having a temperature, burning gas, flammable/explosive liquids or dusts
as well as flammable wasted materials (such as sawdust, wood shavings, wool,
cotton, etc.) shall be made of non-flammable materials.
In rooms having explosion/fire risks, all gas or air conduits shall be made of non-
flammable materials.
In other cases, parts of ventilation systems may be made of hardly flammable

materials.
Note:
1) For a ventilation system in which there is hot air under 80 oC, following parts
may be made of easily flammable materials:
a) Air-filter part, filter chamber separated by hardly flammable materials.
b) In special technical case, when air conduits cannot be made of non-flammable

or hardly flammable or corrosive materials (if these conduits are not going
through flat roof)
2) Between the components made of easily flammable and hardly flammable

materials and pipes conducting air, gas having temperature over 80oC and pipes
conducting easily flammable wasted materials, there shall be separators made of
non-flammable and heat-insulating materials.
9.29 The pipeline shall be vertical and pipes conducting air into production
compartments of A, B and C categories shall be installed for each separate floor,
except for multi-floor buildings where there are flat roof holes used for technical
purposes)
In case the main pipe conducting air having fire-proof parts, it is allowed to conduct
air into production compartments of categories A, B and C through vertical,
horizontal pipes.
The separate risers (discharge and supply pipes) of each floor where locating
production categorized D, E and F can be connected to the air conduct main pipes, if
the equipment is made of non-flammable materials.
Condensed air conduits, dust conduits and others which can create poison, fire or
explosion mixtures due to mechanical, physical or chemical causes shall not be
connected to the common discharging equipment.
9.30 In the rooms having no skylight to ventilate but locating production categorized A,
B and C, it is required to design air-discharging pipes and smoke pipes which can be
shut or open manually or automatically once there is fire. The cross section of this
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discharging pipes shall have an area at least equal to 0.2% of the room floor area (if
the room has no mezzanine) and at least equal to 0.155 (if the room has mezzanine).
The discharging pipes shall be equally distributed and made of non or hardly
flammable materials; the cross section of each pipe shall not exceed 2m2.
Note:
1) This rule shall not be applied for the rooms with aperture under 30m and where
next to the external walls there are openings.
2) The smoke discharging pipes may be used instead of air discharging pipe.
9.31 For residential houses /building and public buildings from 5 floors upwards, it is
allowed to place common air discharging risers, provided that the risers shall be
installed into the main, going from each floor through two floors. It is allowed to
place in combination with a main pipe which is connected to the discharging pipes of
from four ,to five floors (?).
In case there are separate rooms in which flammable materials are stored, such
rooms shall be installed with single discharging pipe to conduct smoke outside.
9.32 It is prohibited to punch holes to install air conduits on fire-proof walls and floors
made of non-flammable materials (including other fire-proof parts)
In case it is obliged to install air conduits going through fire-proof parts, inside the
air conduits there shall be fire-protection equipment installed and in such place the
pipe shall be made of non-flammable materials.
Note: It is allowed to place ventilation pipes and chimneys in the fire/flame resistant
walls of residential houses, public buildings and auxiliaries once minimum thickness
of such fire/flame resistant walls (excluding pipe cross section) over there shall not
be under 25cm, and the thickness of the separator between the chimney and the
ventilation pipes shall be at least 12cm.
The holes where water conduits are installed at the fire proof part shall be tightly
plastered with mortar.
9.33 It is allowed to install air discharging pipes in common for gas, liquid and dust, if
the chemical mixtures of such substances are not catching fire, causing fire or
explosion.
9.34 In the rooms where explosive, flammable materials are created, the components of
ventilator and control equipment of ventilation pipes shall be designed to eliminate
the possibility of creating sparks. At the filter parts of a system discharging dust or
flammable, explosive substances there shall be methods to eliminate dust
automatically, continuously to prevent from the possibility of creating sparks.
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In production rooms which can cause explosion, the electric motors engines of the
air discharging system located in the room together with air blowers shall be type of
explosion protection motors engines.
Note:
1) For production rooms, when automatic dust disposal is not economical, it is

allowed to eliminate dust periodically with manual methods if the filter unit
capacity is within 15,000m3/hour.
2) If the electric motors engine is of normal type, then it shall be located separately
with the air blower room.
3) For A, B and C production categories, the separator of air blowers shall be

made of non-flammable materials.
9.35 When designing and constructing the power supply, water supply, ventilation, heat
supply, and lightning protection of the building, it is required to conform to the
relevant State regulations and standards.
9.36 When designing fire-alarm system for houses and buildings, it is required to
conform to TCVN 5738:93 “Fire-alarm system, Technical specifications” and other
relevant specialized standards. Subject to design requirements and standard
regulations, the alternatives of automatic fire-alarm, semi-automatic fire alarm or
through current communication system shall be selected.
9.37 In addition to the water fire-fighting system, the houses and buildings shall also be
equipped with other specialized fire-fighting equipment and facilities. The location,
quantity and types shall comply with the regulations in TCVN 5760:1993 and
instructions of the fire protection authority.
9.38 The designing of automatic fire-fighting system and other special fire-fighting
systems shall conform to the Standard of TCVN 5760:1993 “Fire-fighting system,
general requirements for design, installation and utilization.” and relevant
specialized standards.
10. Fire-fighting water supply
10.1 It is required to design fire-fighting water supply system for buildings houses, civil
structures works, warehouses and industrial structures, buildings.
The fire-fighting water supply system comprises interior and exterior fire-fighting
water supply systems.
It is allowed to design separate fire-fighting water supply systems once the

combination with domestic or production water supply is not cost effective.
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10.2 The fire-fighting water supply pipeline can be either of high pressure or low
pressure. In high pressure pipeline, the pressure required for fire-fighting shall be
created by a fixed fire-fighting pump.
In low pressure pipeline, the pressure required for fire fighting is produced by
movable pump or fire fighting fire-engine, which take water from the hydrants
located outside the building.
10.3 In civil areas, the exterior fire fighting water flow of the fire fighting water supply
system and number of fires in the same time are stipulated in Table 12.
Table 12
Water flow required for a fire (liter/second)

Number of 1-2 floor building with fire Mixed Buildings
Number of
residents in grades of buildings from 1 floor
fires in the
the area where floors upwards, not
(1000 people)
same time I, II and II IV and V
not subject subject to
to fire grade fire grade
Up to 5 1 5 5 10 10
Up to 10 1 10 10 15 15
Up to 25 2 10 10 15 15
Up to 50 2 15 20 20 25
Up to 100 2 20 25 30 35
Up to 200 3 20 40 40
Up to 300 3 50 55
Up to 400 3 60 75
Up to 500 3 80
Up to 600 3 85
Up to 700 3 90
Up to 800 3 95
Up to 1000 3 100
Note:
1) In building area where comprises 1-2 floor buildings and multi-floor

buildings, it is required to define separately each type of building, taking into
account the number of people therein.
2) The water flow and number of fires in the same time for civil area of more
than 1000 people shall be defined based on specific requirements.
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3) Number of simultaneous fires in the area or city shall include number of fires
in industrial buildings, work sites, and shall be suitable with the required
water flow but shall not be below the standard stipulated in Table 12.
10.4 In industrial areas, the number of simultaneous fires shall be calculated as follows:
a) If the area of the land is less than 150ha, it shall be calculated as one fire.
b) If the area of the land is from 150ha or more, it shall be calculated as two fires
and the fire-fighting water flow shall be calculated for two houses/buildings
which require the most fire-fighting water flow.
10.5 In industrial works, the fire-fighting water flow taken from exterior hydrants and
calculated on the basis of the house/building which require the most fire-fighting
water flow and for a fire is stipulated in Table 13.
Table 13
Fire grade Production Water flow calculated for one fire (liter/second)
category Cubage unit of the work (1,000m3)
Under 3 from 3-5 from 5-20 from 20-30 Over 50
I and II D, E, F 5 5 10 10 15
I and II A, B, C 10 10 15 20 30
III D, E 5 10 15 25 35
III C 10 15 20 30 40
IV and V E, D 10 15 20 30
IV and V C 15 20 25
Note: For houses/buildings with fire-proof walls, only the house/building which
requires the highest fire-fighting water flow shall be calculated.
10.6 The water flow used for fire fighting outside school, hospital, cultural house,
administration office, annex of industrial building shall be calculated as stipulated in
Table 13 and considered as belonging to Production Category C.
10.7 For industrial areas or industrial works of which there are production categories C,
D and E of which the area is not exceeding 200,000m2, the water flow used for fire-
fighting outside the building not over 20 liters/second and for residential areas of not
more than 8,000 people, it is not necessary to design exterior fire fighting water
supply piping system, but may possibly use fire-fighting pump or fire-engine taking
water from natural sources such as river, lake or reservoir, artificial lake used for fire
fighting provided that:
a) having sufficient reserved water for fighting in every seasons as stipulated.
b) water suction head,depth is not exceed 4m from the ground to water surface and
the water level is not lower than 0.5m from bottom
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c) ensuring enough space for fire-engine or fire-fighting pump taking water.
10.8 The exterior fire-fighting water supply piping system shall be designed according
to ring network. When the exterior fire-fighting water supply piping system is not
exceeding 200m, it is allowed to design a closed pipeline, but planned to be made
into ring network. It is permitted to locate the closed branch pipes conducting fire-
fighting water to each individual house/building, if the length of such closed pipeline
is not over 200m, but in such case a water tank/reservoir shall be required and plan
to make it into ring network shall be made.
Note:
1) In the initial stage of installing water conduct pipes, it is possible to locate

closed branch pipes conducting fire-fighting water without limiting length, if
agreed by the fire-fighting and protection authority involved.
2) In civil area, if the population is not over 10,000 people, it is allowed to locate
closed branch pipeline.
3) The diameter of the exterior fire-fighting water conduct pipes shall be 100mm at
minimum.
10.9 The exterior fire-fighting hydrants shall be located along the traffic roads with an
interval not over 150m. They shall be placed at least 5m away from the road,
preferably at crossroads. If the hydrants are located at both sides of a traffic road,
they should not be away from the road edge more than 2.5m. The fire-fighting
pipeline shall be divided into several sections and calculated so that the number of
fire-fighting hydrant on each section not over 5.
Note: In industrial works located in the city or civil area where the exterior fire-
fighting water flow not more than 20 liters/second, the distance between two fire-
fighting hydrants shall not be over 120m.
10.10 Valves to turn off water from closed branch pipes as well as large-sized valves to
turn off water from the closed pipelines shale be located in a manner to ensure that
each pipe section can turn off only 5 hydrants on the same floor at maximum.
10.11 The required static free pressure in low pressure fire-fighting pipeline from the
ground shall not be below 10m of water head column. As for high pressure fire-
fighting water supply pipeline, the disharge free pressure at the outlet tap of the
hydrant located at the highest and furthest location belonging to the highest
building shall ensure a water head column not below 10m.
10.12 It is required to design the interior fire-fighting water supply piping system in the
following cases:
a) For production buildings except those stipulated in Item 10.13 of this Standard.
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b) For residential houses having from 4 floors or more and collective building,
hotel and canteen having from 5 floor or more.
c) For administration offices having from 6 floors or more. For schools from 3
floors upwards.
d) For stations, warehouses and other types of public works, annexes of industrial
buildings when the building cubage is from 5,000m3 upwards.
e) For theaters, cinemas, meeting halls, clubs having from 300 seats or more.
Note:
1) For the buildings mentioned in b) and c) having different heights, the fire-
fighting water supply pipeline shall only be designed for part of the building with
height stipulated in this section.
2) For production buildings having fire grades of I and II, categorized D and E, the
fire-fighting water supply piping system shall be located at the building part
where storing or producing flammable materials.
10.13 It is not required to design the interior fire-fighting water supply piping system in
the following cases:
a) For production buildings using or storing the materials which when contacting
with water can cause fire, explosion and spreading flame.
b) For production buildings having fire grades of I, II and the interior equipment
made of non-flammable materials and in which processing, transporting and
storing the products, semi-products of non-flammable materials.
c) For production buildings categorized D, E having fire-grades of II, IV and V

with cubage not exceeding 1000m3.
d) For public bathrooms, laundries.
e) For warehouses made of non-flammable materials storing non-flammable

materials.
f) For pumping stations, filtration stations of waste water drainage systems.
g) For production buildings and annexes of industrial buildings where there are no
domestic/production water supply pipes and the exterior fire-fighting water
supply taking water from river, lake or water reservoir.
10.14 The number of fire-fighting hydrants for each point inside the building and the
water quantity of each hydrant are stipulated in Table 14.
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Table 14
Water q’ty calculated

No. of
Type of building for each hydrant
hydrants
(liter/sec.)
(1) (2) (3)
1. Admin. buildings with height from 6 to 12 floors
1 2.5
and a cubage up to 25,000 m3
2. Houses with height from 4 floors upwards, hotels
and dormitory, public building from 5 floors 1 2.5
upwards with cubage up to 25,000 m3
3. Hospital, healthcare office, kindergarten, nursery,
shop, train station, annexes of industrial work with 1 2.5
cubage from 5,000m3 to 25,000m3.
4. Rooms located under stadium stand with cubage
from 5,000m3 to 25,000m3 and sports complex with 1 2.5
cubage up to 25,000m3
5. Rest-home, pleasure-house, museum, library, design
office with cubage from 7,500m3 to 25,000m3. 1 2.5
Showroom with exhibition area under 500 m2
6. Meeting hall, auditorium equipped with fixed
1 2.5
projector with capacity from 300 to 800 seats.
7. Types of buildings with height from 12 to 16 floors 2 2.5
8. Admin. building with height from 6 to 12 floors
2
with cubage over 25,000 m3
9. Hotel, dormitory, rest-home, pleasure-house,
hospital, kindergarten, nursery, museum, library,
2 2.5
showroom, types of shop, train station, school with
cubage over 25,000 m3
10. Annex of industrial work with cubage over
2 2.5
25,000m3
11. Rooms located under stadium stand and sports
complex with cubage over 25,000m3. Meeting hall 2 2.5
with capacity from 800 seats upwards.
12. Theater, cinema, club, cultural house, concert with
2 2.5
over 800 seats, scientific institute.
13. Production building except those stated in 1.6 2 2.5
14. Warehouse with cubage from 5,000m3 upwards
storing flammable materials or fire protection 2 2.5
materials contained in flammable packages
10.15 The required pressure of the interior fire-fighting hydrants shall ensure a densely-
ejecting water column with required height as stipulated in Table 15
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Table 15
House and building features Required height of densely-ejecting

water column (m)
Houses, public facilities, annexes with fire grades
6
of I, II
Houses, public facilities, annexes and production Height required to be ejected to the highest
buildings with fire grades of I, II where during and furthest of the building, but not less
production process flammable and easy-to-cause- than 6m.
fire materials are used.
10.16 When in the building it is located more than twelve fire-fighting hydrants or
equipped with automatic fire-fighting system, then the interior fire-fighting water
supply system, either designed separately or in combination, shall have at least two
pipes conducting water into the building and be made into ring network.
10.17 The arrangement of interior fire-fighting hydrant shall ensure that each point of the
room will have number of hydrants as stipulated in Table 14. In the buildings with
cubage from 1,000 m3 or less and production categories of C, D and E not subject
to cubage, in shopping compartments or warehouses below 25,000m3, it is allowed
to locate one hydrant at a point.
10.18 The interior fire-fighting hydrants shall be located next to way in and out, at the
stair landing, hall ,corridor,lobby and in places where can be easily seen or used.
10.19 Center of outlets of a hydrant shall be located at a height of 1.25m against the floor
surface.
10.20 Each interior fire hydrant shall have turn-off valve, jets, nozzle water ejecting cock
and fire hose-reel with sufficient length as calculated.
In each building, pipe diameter, length of fire hose-reel and jet,nozzle cock
diameter shall be of the same type.
10.21 The calculation of water supply network shall base on : the required fire-fighting
pressure, number of simultaneous fires and time for fire extinguishing.
10.22 In the case it is impossible to take water directly from the water supply source or
possible to take water from the urban water supply mains but water flow and
pressure are not often ensured, measures for reserving fire-fighting water shall be
applied. The water quantity required to be reserved for fire fighting shall be
calculated on the basis of the highest fire fighting water quantity during three
hours.
When calculating the water quantity required for fire fighting, it is also required to
ensure the water quantity used for living and production but not water used for
watering plants, roads, cleaning floors, machines, etc. Water quantity used for
bathing, washing and hygienic purposes shall be calculated as 15% of total water
quantity.
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Note: In case the fire-fighting water supply pipeline is of low pressure, it is

allowed to take a part of the water quantity (not more than 50%) used for
production for fire fighting, if such thing causes no problem for production.
10.23 Time for recovering the fire-fighting reserved water shall be as follows:
1) For civil areas, civil works and industrial works of production categories A, B
and C it shall not be over twenty four hours
2) For industrial works belonging to categories D, E and F, it shall not be over

thirty six hours.
Note:
- For industrial works of which the exterior fire-fighting water flow is lower than
25 liters/sec., it is allowed to extend the water recovering time.
- For C-category, it shall be thirty six hours.
- For E-category, it shall be forty eight hours.
10.24 Pumps used for domestic use, production and fire-fighting water supply, either
individual or combined, shall have stand-by pumps with equivalent capacity with
that of working pump.
Number of stand-by pumps shall be as follows:
a) when the number of working pumps calculated is from one to three, one stand-
by pump is required.
b) when the number of working pumps calculated is from four or more, two
stand-by pumps are required. The main fire-fighting pump shall be connected
to two separate power supply sources, either from the stand-by source of power
station or stand-by engine of pump station. It is allowed to use pump to supply
fire-fighting water without the need of using both stand-by and main pump, by
simply connecting it to one power source once the exterior fire-fighting water
flow is less than 20 liters/sec. or for production enterprises of categories E, D
with fire grades of I, II or for production buildings when the exterior fire-
fighting water flow is not over 20 l/sec.
10.25 The fire-fighting water supply pumps can be either operated manually on the spot
or automatically by remote control.
Note:
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1) When the exterior fire-fighting water flow is from 25l/sec. or more, the fire-
fighting pump is required to be equipped with remote control. At that time, it is
also required to have a manually operated unit.
2) The control unit of a fire-fighting pump shall ensure to make pump operate not
later than 3 minutes since there is fire-alarm signal.
10.26 For the buildings of which the water pressure is frequently not sufficient to supply
water for the hydrants, it is required to have remote controls located at the fire-
fighting hydrants.
10.27 To define the water quantity reserved for fire-fighting in the reservoir and water
tower, it is required to base on the fire-fighting water quantity standard, number
of simultaneous fires, fire-extinguishing time and the water quantity recovered
during fire-fighting period.
When the water reserved for fire fighting is from 1,000m3 upwards, it should be
stored in two tanks.
Note:
1) It is possible to design the fire-fighting reserved water in combination with

domestic use and production water supply, but measures to control the use of
reserved water for other demands shall be taken.
2) When calculating the volume of fire-fighting reserved water tank, it is allowed

to calculated the continuously-added water quantity going into the tank, even
during the fire-extinguishing period, i.e. three hours.
3) In case the exterior fire-fighting water is taken from water reservoir or

hydrants, while in the building it is required to install domestic and fire-
fighting water supply systems, then the volume of the reserved water tank
shall ensure a water quantity to be used for one hour, for a hydrant and other
water-using demands.
10.28 The pressure water vessel and water tank with pressure-increasing pump used for
fire-fighting shall have a reserved water quantity as follows:
a) For industrial works, the fire-fighting reserved water quantity shall be

calculated on the basis of water quantity required for the interior hydrant and
the automatic sprinkler during the first 10 minutes once fire occurs.
b) For residential area, the reserved water quantity shall ensure to supply for fire-
fighting for an interior fire and an exterior fire during a period of 10 minutes
with the highest required water flow, and also ensure the highest water supply
quantity for domestic demand.
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10.29 For water tower using compressed air pressure, besides the working air compressor
it is also required a stand-by one.
10.30 Pressure tank and fire-fighting water tower shall be equipped with water level
measuring equipment, water level equipment giving signal to the pump station or
communicate with the water distribution station.
If the water tower is connected to the pressure fire-fighting pump, it is required to

design an automatic control unit to stop water from coming to the tower once the
fire-fighting pump is in operation.
Note:
1) If the fire-fighting pump automatically operates when the water level in the
tower lowers, then the water quantity reserved in the tower can be 50% of the
stipulated in Item 7.28.
2) When a water supply pipeline system for the whole enterprise/plant and worker
residential area is available, then the water reserved in the tower for fire-
fighting shall only be based on the operation of the fire-fighting hydrants
inside the enterprise/plant, not including the worker residential area.
10.31 The location and serving radius of the water reservoir shall be defined subject to
fire-fighting facilities:
a) If a fire-engine is used, then the serving radius shall be 200m
b) If movable fire-fighting pump is used, it shall be subject to types of pump of

which the swerving radius is from 100m to 150m.
The distance from the fire-fighting water reservoir to the house/building having
fire-grades of III. IV and V or to the open-air warehouse mad eof flammable
materials shall be at least 20m, to the house/building having fire-grades of I and II
shall be at least 10m.
Appendix A
Groups of materials categorized according to fire-grades
1. Materials categorized in non-flammable group include natural inorganic or artificial

materials, metal, gypsum or fiber gypsum board of which organic content occupies up
to 8% of total weight, mineral cotton sheets in synthetic or natural form or kind of
bitumen impregnated material which contains 6% organic content by weight.
2. Materials grouped in hardly flammable group include non-flammable and flammable

materials mixtures, e.g. asphalt concrete, fiber-cement board, gypsum materials and
concrete which contains more than 8% organic content by weight, mineral cotton
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sheets in bitumen impregnated material which contains from 7% to 15% organic
content by weight. Clay and straw mixed materials of which the minimum specific
weight are 900kg/m3, joints soaked in non-flammable solution, timber soaked in non-
flammable chemical, pressed fibers, kinds of cement, polymers which meet the hardly
flammable requirements.
3. Flammable materials including organic materials which are not soaked in fire-proof
materials.
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Appendix B (for reference)
Groups of production industries according to production category
Production Production
Name of production industry
category features
(1) (2) (3)
Natrium and kalium fabricating and using workshops; synthetic
fiber and rubber manufacturing plant workshops, synthetic
rubbers, hydro producing stations, chemical workshops of
synthetic silk plants, petroleum manufacturing workshops; hydro
distillation and gas distribution workshops; artificial liquid fuel
Fire and production workshops which collecting and distilling organic-
A explosion risks dissolved liquids with gas burning temperature from 25o or less;
burning gas container/vessel storing houses; gasoline storehouse,
rooms of power plants storing alkali and acid batteries; stations
pumping liquids having gas burning temperature from 28oC or
less.
Workshops which manufacture and transport coal dust, sawdust;

stations washing diesel oil containers and other liquids having
gas burning temperature from 28oC to 61oC; compartments
which grind and crush solids; workshops which manufacture
Fire and
B artificial rubber; workshops manufacturing sugar; peat-crushing
explosion risks
equipment; diesel storing house at power plants; stations
pumping liquids which have gas burning temperature from 28oC
to 61oC;
Wood-sawing workshops; wooden art object producing

workshops; model-making workshops; wooden case making
workshops; knitwear and garment workshops; textile and paper
industry workshops with dry production process; cotton
preliminarily processing enterprises; plants that preliminarily
process jute fibers and other fibers; grain sifting and winnowing
workshops of grinding plants and grain storehouses; oil and fat
recycling workshops; workshops which re-boil oil and distill
C Fire risks asphalt; storehouses which store flammable materials and oils;
outdoor oil storage houses and oil containers of power plants;
power distribution equipment with switchboard/breaker and
electric equipment with oil quantity more than 60kg for an
equipment unit; slides and corridors used for transporting black
coal, peat, covered coal storehouses; mixed storehouses; liquid
pumping stations with gas burning temperature higher than 61o
C.
Metallurgic workshops; kiln parts of gas stations; forging

workshops; welding workshops; steam operated and engine
operated train locomotive repair stations; metal hot-rolling
No risk
workshops; engine testing stations; internal bursting engine
D features are
placing houses; metal heat-processing workshops; main houses
shown.
of power plants (i.e. houses including kiln compartment, turbine
compartment, etc.) power distribution equipment with oil
quantity larger than 60kg for an equipment unit; high voltage
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Production Production
Name of production industry
category features
(1) (2) (3)
laboratories; boiler stations, etc.
Metal cool-processing mechanical workshops (except magiơ
alloy); materials (ores) stockpiles; soda manufacturing
workshops (except the kiln); blower stations; stations
compressing air and other non-flammable gases; acid recycling
workshops; streetcar and engine repair stations; metal forging
and cool-processing workshops; asbestos ore/minerals salt and
No risk other non-flammable materials exploiting and cool processing
E features are establishments; workshops that belong to textile and paper
shown. industries that have wet production process; food processing
(fish, meat and milk, etc.) workshops; control panels; water
treatment (clarifying, filtering, disinfecting, etc.) works power
plant water pumping and sucking stations; carbonic acid and
chloride containers, cooling towers; non-flammable liquid
pumping stations, etc.
F Explosion risks ...
Note: For production industries in which burning fuel is liquids, gases or using round
flames are not belonged to A, B and C Production Categories.
Appendix C
Fire-resistant limits and fire category of construction materials and structures
Structure list Minimum Fire Fire

thickness or size resistant category
of structural limit
section (cm) (minutes)
1. Wall and partitions:
Wall and retaining walls built with 6 145
Non-
11 150
silicate brick, normal brick and hollow 22 330
flammable
brick
2. Walls made of natural stone, light concrete 33 660
and terracotta block, light brick block with 6 30
Non-
light concrete, hardly-flammable or non- 11 90
flammable
flammable heat-preserving materials 22 240
33 420
3. Walls and partitions: 2,5 18
Concrete, R.C or stone concrete, and panel 5 36
wall or mass concrete and R.C concrete (see 6 45
Non-
Note 1) 11 150
flammable
15 222
17 270
22 360
4. Panel wall that has solid sections made by
270
honeycomb light concrete: Non-
360
5. With kermesite concrete or cinder particle 12 flammable
360
concrete having volume of 1500 – 1800
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of structural limit
kg/m3 (see Note 1)
a. With honeycomb or light concrete having 20
volume from 900-1200 kg/m3 (see Note 1).
b. The same materials with volume from 700 – 20
900 kg/m3 (see Note 1)
6. Block walls having longitudinal sections by 30 480 Non-
honeycomb with volume 900 – 1200 kg/m3. 40 660 flammable
7. Panel walls made of refined brick, silicate Non-
16 222
brick and clay brick (see Note 1) flammable
8. 3-layer panel walls comprising reinforced
concrete, edges and heat preserving layer
made of non or hardly flammable cotton or
asbestos panels:
a) for panel walls
Not less
b) for supporting walls when internal concrete Non-
15 – 22 than 60
layer thickness of 10cm, of grade 200 and flammable
25 Not less
can bear a stress of 25kg/cm2 or less (see Non-
27 than 150
note 15) flammable
150
c) The same materials when concrete layer
thickness of 14cm, of grade 300 and can
bear a stress of 100kg/cm2 or less (see note
15)
8.3-layer panel walls with wooden frame, both

sides plastered with asbestos cement, screwed
with steel pins once the heat preserving layer:
Non-
a) made of non and hardly flammable cotton 12 45
flammable
or galls-concrete sheets.
b) made of plastic and porous materials. 30
9.3-layer panel walls with wooden frame, both

sides plastered with asbestos cement, the
interior panels pinned with small-sized screws
while the exterior ones are aluminum-fixed
with heat preserving layer made of: Hardly
a) non and hardly flammable cotton or glass- 60 flammable
concrete sheets. Hardly
b) plastic and porous materials 30 flammable
10. Walls and partitions made of asbestos cement
Non-
panels or steel sheets (smooth or curved) 15
flammable
with steel frame.
11. Roof-covering walls and partitions made of
bricks, concrete block and natural stone with
steel frame
a) without protection layers 15 Non-
b) placed at the thickest wall, where the wall 45 flammable
chink has no protection layer or separated Non-
from frame choke. 60 flammable
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of structural limit
c) the protection plastering layer on the steel Non-
is 2cm thick. flammable
d) made of hollow brick when its thickness is
6.5cm 150 Non-
flammable
12cm 360
12. Partitions made of gypsum, gypsum cinder 5 78 Hardly

and gypsum fiber when organic content ups 8 132 flammable
to 8% of weight 10 162
11 180
13. Partitions made from hollow glass blocks 6 15 Hardly
10 15 flammable
14. Partitions made from hollow kermesite blocks 3.5 30 Hardly

(see Note 5) 4 60 flammable
6.5 90
8 120
15. Walls and partitions made of asbestos or 10 45 Hardly
gypsum cinder with wooden frame plastered 10 36 flammable
with mortar at both sides
16. Walls and wooden partitions, plastered 2 15 45 Hardly
sides to a thickness of 2cm. 20 60 flammable
25 75
17. Walls and partitions with wooden frames,
plaster both sides with dry gypsum mortar
and cement asbestos with aggregates made
of: 30
a) easily flammable materials 45
b) non-flammable materials
Columns and posts Non
18. Bricks, cross sections (cm) flammable
22 x 22 150
22 x 33 180
33 x 33 270
33 x 45 315
45 x 45 390
19. Concrete and re-bar concrete in which there
are solid aggregates with a load of:
a) not exceeding 75% of stipulated section
(cm)
20 x 20 25 75 Non
20 x 30 - 150 flammable
b) not exceeding 75% of stipulated section -
(cm) - Non
20 x 20 - 75 flammable
20 x 30 - 105
20 x 40 - 150
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of structural limit
20 x 30 and 20 x 50 - 180
30 x 50 - 210
40 x 40 210
20. Steel without protection layer once thickness Non
of the smallest component is: flammable
up to 12 (mm) - 15
from 13 to 20 (mm) - 18
from 21 to 30 (m) - 20
from 31 to 50 (mm) - 24
21. Steel with protection layer: 2.5 Non
45
a) Plastered on mesh surface or thick concrete 5 flammable
120
panels 6
150
7 Non
180
b) made of normal brick or thick silicate brick 6 flammable
120
11
315
c) made of thick hollow brick 3
60
6 Non
24
d) made of thick gypsum panels 8 flammable
228
4
66
5
90
7
120
8
150
22. Thick wooden column with cross section not 10 192 Hardly
less than 20 x 20 cm, protected by a plastered - 60 flammable
layer of 2cm thick.
Floor and roof:
23. Floor and roof made of R/C panels installed
by sections, when thickness of concrete layer
from the lowest edge to concrete panel
bearing pulling strength is (see Note 9):
20mm 10 64 – 78 Non
30mm - 78 – 114 flammable
40mm - 108 – 174
50mm - 114 – 222
24. Floor or roof made of R/C panels with
“lower” supporting edges as well as
horizontal beam, vertical girder when
thickness of concrete layer from the lowest
edge to the R/C panel bearing vertically
pulling strength is (see Note 10): 6.5
20mm 6.5 30
35mm 10 36 – 42 Non
20mm 10 36 – 42 flammable
35mm 10 42 – 48
50mm and bigger 16 48 – 54
20mm 16 42 – 54
30mm 16 58 – 72
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of structural limit
50mm 20 and higher 66 – 84
20mm 20 48 – 60
30mm 20 66 – 78
40mm 20 84 – 108
50mm 20 102 – 108
60mm 132 –144
25. Floor and roof on horizontal steel beam
(girder, frame) on non-flammable panels
a) once the horizontal beam, girder, frame are
not protected. 15 Non
b) once the horizontal beam of floor on mesh flammable
(frame) is protected by concrete layer or
plastered layer with thickness of:
35mm 65 36
10mm - 45
20mm - 90
30mm - 150
26. Wooden floor with flooring planks or panels, 45
plastered on planks or on mesh with a
thickness of 20mm.
27. Floor on horizontal wooden beams with Non
gypsum flooring planks when protected flammable
under the beams with a gypsum layer of
plastering layer with thickness of :
20mm 60
30mm 90
28. Roof made from asbestos or steel sheets on 15
the horizontal on the non-protected
horizontal beams (girder, truss)
29. Roof form 3-layer panels with asbestos frame 14 30 Hardly
of 10cm thick, fixed steel screw with a heat- flammable
preserving layer made of porous and plastic
materials.
30. Wire-mesh cement roof without protection 2 36 Hardly
underneath. flammable
31. Steel stair structure: stair beams, girders 90 Non
protected with a plastering layer of 1cm flammable
thick. Filling of door, window, heaven’s
gate, cellar door openings (?)
32. Installing large glass block to door openings 6 90 Non
when building with cement mortar and 10 120 flammable
placing horizontal bar on the cubage
thickness (?)
33. Installing one-layer steel leaf or reinforce 10 45 Non
concrete leaf to door opening with glass flammable
having glass-holding column made of steel
bars, rivets or clamps
34. The same as above, with two-layer leaf. - 72 Non-
42
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of structural limit
flammable
35. Installing one-layer steel leaf or reinforce
concrete leaf to door opening with glass
having glass holding pin made of steel.
36. Installing one-layer steel leaf or reinforce
concrete leaf to door opening with fixed pin, 15
holding glass with split re-bars or steel rivets.
Door, hatch, gate Non-
37. With steel leaf, hollow in the middle (with a 30 flammable
thin layer of air)
38. The same, when covering the thin layer with Non-
8 78
mineral fibers or mineral cotton (?) flammable
39. With wooden leaf covered with asbestos 3 72 Hardly
carton not less than 5mm thick, overlapped 4 78 flammable
with steel sheet.(see note 12) 5 90
40. Door with wooden leafs soaked in fire- Hardly
4 36
proofing chemical, both sides made of flammable
6 60
plywood.
Note:
1) The fire-resistant limit of supporting walls and partitions, with panels placed on the
construction joint mortar, shall be defined according to the values shown on Points 3;4 and
6 with calculation coefficient taken from average stress in the combination of vertical
standard load.
a) Walls will be classified into Point 3 with thickness more than 10cm once stress is:
50 Kg/cm2 or less – coefficient 1
70 Kg/cm2 – coefficient 0.7
more than 70Kg/cm2 – shall be based on test results.
When defining fire resistant limit of all reinforced concrete wall with thickness more than
10cm, the higher instructed coefficient shall increase 20%. Then the fire-resistant limit taken
shall not exceed those shown in Point 3.
b) Walls will be classified into Point 4a once stress is:

20 Kg/cm2 – coefficient 0.6
more than 20Kg/cm2 – shall be based on test results
c) Walls will be classified into Point 4b once stress is:

10 Kg/cm2 or less – coefficient 0.5
d) Walls will be classified into Point 6 once stress is:

40 Kg/cm2 or less – coefficient 0.7
43
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2) To protect the reinforced ends of the structure, it is required to protect their strength during
the time by the required value of fire-resistant limit of the structure; The fire resistant limit of
unprotected reinforcement steel, stipulated according to the expected structure, shall be taken
as 30 minutes.
3) The gap filling places at the locations adjacent to the suspending-style walls and self-
supporting walls with the building components shall have the same fire resistant limit as that
of the walls.
4) When making partitions with hollow gypsum blocks, the fire-resistant limit shown on Point 12
shall reduce to 30% ;
5) The thickness of partitions made from hollow kermesite blocks, as shown on Point 14, shall
be defined as total thickness of the wall-building block.
6) The fire resistant limit of light concrete, with a volume of 1200kg/m3 or more, as well as the
structure of a bending resistant aperture made of silicate concrete, shall be taken as for a
reinforced concrete structure.
7) The fire-resistant limit of light concrete structure with a volume less than 1200kg/m3 and
honeycomb concrete shall be taken as for reinforced concrete with coefficient 1.3.
8) The fire resistant limit of panels and multi-hole concrete slab with edge above shall be taken
according to Point 2;3 with coefficient 0.9;
9) The fire resistant limit of panels categorized in Point 2; 3 is subject to the calculation
diagram of the point to be taken.
a) when freely leaning on the two opposite sides – with coefficient 1
b) when fitting in to the border – contacting with other sides:
1:1 with coefficient 2.5

1:1.5 with coefficient 1.3
1:1.5 with coefficient 0.3
c) When supporting to two opposite directions as well as console, once the thickness of the
panel is:
8cm or smaller – with coefficient 1.6

9cm or smaller – with coefficient 1.8
10cm or smaller – with coefficient 2
11 cm or smaller – with coefficient 0.8
12 cm or smaller – with coefficient 4
10) The fire resistant limit of a concrete panel with edge below as well as beam, bar and girder
shall be taken according to Point 2.4, subject to calculation diagram of supporting point.
a) when leaning freely – with coefficient 1

b) when supporting and contacting with the areas of the steel reinforcement on the side of
support and at the aperture of:
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0.25: 1 - with coefficient 1.22
0.50 :1 – with coefficient 1.25
1:1 – with coefficient 1.5
1:1 – with coefficient 2.5
11) The thickness of wooden parts of the panel doors and gates shall be as shown on Points 3 and
9.
Asbestos carton used for wooden panel leaf, door, hatch and gate is allowed to be replaced
with woods soaked in clay mortar of 15mm thick, when the fire resistant limit as shown on
Table (Point?)38 needs to be reduced to 15%.
12) The thickness of non-flammable plastering layer, the interposing layers on the floor is the
common thickness of the structure.
13) The fire resistant limit of a partition is not subject to their door openings.
14) The fire resistant limit is shown on Point 9a for the walls of which the wooden panel frames,
at their horizontal and vertical joints adjacent to the non-flammable building components,
are protected from the direct effect of a fire.
15) The fire resistant limit and fire categories are shown on the Points 7a, b, and c, which belong
to types of wall without door openings and with openings to make doors and windows on the
conditions when the flammable heat preserving layer is protected on both sides of the door
opening close to it with a wooden box of a thickness not less than 40mm. (sic)
The fire resistant limit shown on Points 7b and 7c, when placing the panels of floor
components located higher than the exterior walls on the interior fire-resistant concrete layer
of the panels which are located lower than the exterior walls.
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APPENDIX D
Construction features of house/building components

classified according to fire grade
House/building House/building fire grades

components I II III IV V
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Supporting wall Natural or artificial rocks, Natural or artificial rocks, Natural or artificial rocks, Timber wall, frame or panel Timber wall, frame or
and lift room wall concrete, cyclopean concrete or reinforced concrete cyclopean concrete or with two-sided shield made of split panel without
concrete or reinforced with fire resistant limit at least reinforced concrete with fire asbestos mortar with fire protection layer made of
concrete with fire resistant 120 minutes resistant limit at least 120 resistant limit at least 30 non-flammable materials
limit at least 150 minutes minutes minutes
Wall installed in Brick, terracotta, cinder Brick, terracotta, cinder Brick, terracotta, cinder Wooden structure plastered Walls made of planks or
building frame and concrete, reinforced concrete, foam silicate block, concrete, foam silicate block, with mortar or asbestos panels placed between columns
non-supporting concrete, foam concrete reinforced concrete, mesh reinforced concrete, mesh with fire resistant at least 15 w/o protection layer made
wall reinforced with wire mesh, reinforced concrete panel or reinforced concrete panel or minutes of non-flammable
or reinforced foam foam silicate with wire mesh. foam silicate with wire mesh, materials
concrete panels with fire For 1-floor house/building, it is waved asbestos with fire
resistant limit at least 30 allowed to use waved steel sheet resistant limit at least 15
minutes. with fire resistant limit at least minutes.
15 minutes.
Pillar Brick, concrete, reinforced Brick, concrete, reinforced Brick, concrete, reinforced Wood with protection mortar Wood w/o protection
concrete as well as steel concrete with fireproof concrete as well as steel with layer with fire resistant limit at layer made of non-
with fireproof protection protection with fire resistant fireproof protection with fire least 30 minutes flammable materials
with fire resistant limit at limit at least 120 minutes. For 1- resistant limit at least 120
least 150 minutes. floor and multi-floor production minutes.
house/building typed D and E
not storing flammable liquids, it
is allowed to use non-protection
steel structure with fire resistant
limit at least 2 hours.
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House/building House/building fire grades

components I II III IV V
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Floor and roof- Brick arch. Pre-cast floor, Brick arch. Reinforced concrete Wooden floor with mortar, Wood with protection mortar Wooden floor w/o
bordering floor reinforced concrete structure, pre-cast floor and having fire resistant limit at layer or asbestos with fire protection layer made of
structure and placed in situ placed in situ structure with steel least 45 minutes, as well as resistant limit at least 15 non-flammable materials
structure with steel frame girder or reinforce concrete wooden floor placed on steel minutes
or frame made of reinforce girder with fireproof protection girder with protection layer
concrete with fireproof layer with fire resistant at least having fire resistant limit at
protection layer with fire 45 minutes. For 1-floor and least 45 minutes, each separate
resistant limit at least 90 multi-floor production part of the floor is made of
minutes house/building typed D and E non-flammable materials with
not storing flammable liquids, it fire resistant limit at least
is allowed to use non-protection 45minutes.
steel structure with fire resistant
limit at least 15 minutes.
Roof without roof- Reinforced concrete Steel structure w/o protection Wooden structure w/o Wooden structure w/o Wooden structure w/o
bordering floor structure with fire resistant layer as well as pre-stressed protection layer. protection layer. protection layer.
limit at least 90 minutes concrete beam with fire resistant
limit at least 15 minutes.
Partition Non-flammable materials Non-flammable materials with Wooden partition having Wooden partition having Wooden partition w/o
with fire resistant limit at fire resistant limit at least 15 protection layer with fire protection layer with fire protection layer made of
least 30 minutes minutes resistant limit at least 15 resistant limit at least 15 non-flammable materials
minutes minutes
Ceiling Non-flammable materials Non-flammable materials with Hardly flammable materials Flammable materials Flammable materials
with fire resistant limit at fire resistant limit at least 15 with fire resistant at least 15
least 45 minutes minutes minutes
Fireproof wall Natural or artificial materials, concrete, reinforced concrete with fire resistant limit at least 150 minutes.
47

TCVN 2622-1995 Fire Prevention Protection For Buildings

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TCVN 2622-1995 Fire Prevention Protection For Buildings

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TTTCDVN-TV1

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Fire prevention and protection for buildings

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

5. Fire resistance of construction materials and elements of a building

Fire resisting limitation (minute)

a) Using steel structure having no protection in one-level production building without

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Substantial wooden elements

Name of fire prevention parts Minimum fire resistance level (minute)

Fire prevention parts shall be made from uninflammable materials.

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

6. Fire resistance sections

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

7. Escape route Emergency exit

7.6 Not install glass nearby exit.

Possible furthest distance in the building (m)

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Possible furthest distance (m)

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

a) For 1 – 2 floor houses: 0.8m for 100 persons

7.17 The minimum clearance width of emergency exit shall be as follows:

Emergency exit Possible minimum width (m)

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

7.24 Door in emergency path must be opened outside.

8. Requirements of traffic and distance of fire protection and fighting

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

- Equilateral triangle shape with side size of not less than 7m

Fire resistance Distance from houses and buildings (m)

a) Set fixed automatic fire alarm system;

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

8.10 Street for outside fire engine shall be ensured:

8.11 Street for operated fire engine shall be ensured:

- its width is not less than 3.5m

- Consolidated surface of street is ensured to drain in the surface

Distance between storage and houses & buildings (m)

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

- Coal stockpile containing under 10 tons

9. Solutions for structure, engineering and equipment

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Kindergartens and pre-school

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

Max. floor area between fire-

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

2) When production rooms or compartments are equipped with automatic fire

5) In one-story production houses/buildings having fire-rates of I and II, it is allowed

6) In one-story houses/buildings having fire-rate of II, IV and V, due to technical

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

9.8 In the rooms belonging to production categories A and B, it is required to design

1) Glass window of an opening is considered as an easily-burst component when

When arranging categories A, B and C in the individual rooms of a house/building

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995

9.13 The basements where locating rooms of production categories C, D and E,

In cases it is required a boiler for a construction work, it shall be located in a

9.17 It is not permitted to arrange flammable gas/liquid conduct pipeline under

9.19 It is not allowed to locate in combination in the same tunnel:

- Gas conduits with electrical cables and lighting cables.

Unofficial translation TCVN 2622: 1995