A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Reading 4.1-4.3

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

General high-order, N-node Galerkin method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

For n-node elements:

A three-node case as
an example

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

(We have learned how to get the shape functions, given the
basis function formulations)

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Discretize and wi needs to be arbitrary

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Approximate solution using shape function for n-node elements:

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Weighted Residual Methods

• The methods of weighted residuals applied directly to a differential
equation can be used to develop the finite element equations.
• It is required that the weighted value of the residual be a minimum
over the whole region. The general form of the weighted residual
integral is:

where W is the weighting function.

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Types of Residual Methods

• Collocation Method
• Requires that the error or residual function, R, be forced to zero
at as many points as there are unknown coefficients
• Subdomain Method
• Requires that the integral of the error or residual function over
some selected subintervals to be set to zero
• Least Squares Method
• Requires the integral of the error function squared to be
minimized with respect to each of the unknown coefficients
• Galerkin’s Method
• Requires the error to be orthogonal to some weighting functions

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

An example using various weighted residual methods

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Approximate function

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Collocation Method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Subdomain Method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Least squares Method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Least squares Method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Galerkin’s Method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Types of Residual Methods

• Collocation Method
• Requires that the error or residual function, R, be forced
to zero at as many points as there are unknown
coefficients
• Subdomain Method
• Requires that the integral of the error or residual function
over some selected subintervals to be set to zero
• Least Squares Method
• Requires the integral of the error function squared to be
minimized with respect to each of the unknown
coefficients
• Galerkin’s Method
• Requires the error to be orthogonal to some weighting
functions

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Example – four different weighted residual methods

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Exact solution

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Pick an approximated function

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Galerkin’s method

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A First Course in the Finite Element Method, 6th Edition Logan

Galerkin’s method

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