THE CONTEMPORARY

WORLD
First Semester
2020 - 2021
MODULE 3
Prepared by:

Aspillaga , Harry Danny

Bea, Jennifer
Caperida, Lorly
Daling, Rudy
Martin, Lolita
Quezada, Lowelyn
Course Instructors

Instructor: MR. MARK JADE G. BURLAT

Contact no.: ________________
e-mail account: _______________
DAY 1
LESSON NO. 9
LESSON TITLE GLOBAL CITIES
Specific During the students' learning engagements, they will be able to:
Learning  Explain why globalization is a spatial phenomenon;
Outcomes:  Elucidate the characteristics of the Global city.
 Identify the attributes of a global city;
 Expound the meaning of Cosmopolitanism.
 Classify the global cities.
TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity: The Global Picture Song Composition

Direction: Identify the attributes of the global cities; Make a song that the lyrics will be part of the
attributes of the following cities indicated below: Write in a yellow paper and insert it to the module.

 Hongkong
 Paris
 Singapore
 Tokyo

Criteria:
Exemplary (20) Satisfactory (15) Fair (10) Poor (5)
Content is Content is good Content is Content is not
outstanding somewhat coherent coherent

Analysis
1. How did you find the activity? What or how did you feel upon contributing to the success of
your group and upon accomplishing the task?
2. Do you have any idea about the places that part of Global City?
3. Can you give at least 2 characteristics of the Global City?

Abstraction:
This discussion will support the learning of the students. The students will acquire more about the
places that part of a global city, the characteristics of a global cities and Cosmopolitanism.

 What can you see in the picture?

 Is this photo part of global city? Why?
What is Global City?
A global city, also called a power city, world city, alpha city or world center, is a city which is a
primary node in the global economic network. The concept comes from geography and
urban studies, and the idea that globalization is created and furthered in strategic geographic locales
according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade.

Characteristics of Global City

a) A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate, banking,
accountancy, and marketing.
b) Headquarters of several multinational corporations.
c) The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial institutions.
d) Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area.
e) Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities. f) Considerable decision-making
power on daily basis and at a global level
f) Considerable decision-making power on daily basis and at a global level
g) Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics.
h) Centers of media and communication for global networks.
i) Dominance of the national region with great international significance.
j) High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector.
k) High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international student
attendance, and research facilities.
l) Multifunctional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment
facilities in the country.
m) High diversity in language, culture, region and ideologies.

Reasons of Increase in Global City

The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization of economics and the centralization
of mass production within urban centers. The two factors have led to the emergence of networks of
activities that seek to fulfill the service and financial requirements of multinationals. The cities grow
to become global while other suffer deindustrialization or stagnation of their economies.
Cosmopolitan as an attribute
―Cultural Diversity is detected on the surface as „cosmopolitan feel‖. The global city‘s natives
encounter and engage daily with a mixture of immigrants and visitors. The result is cosmopolitan
consumption, cosmopolitan work culture, global networking and global transnational community
relations‖.

COSMOPOLITANISM
Cosmopolitanism is a phenomenon mostly associated with the global city. Large diverse
cities attracting people, material and cultural products from all over the world.
It usually evokes pleasant images of travel, exploration and ―worldly‖ pursuit by the ―citizen
of the world‖.
A consumerist world of malls and supermarkets, or theme parks and leisure centers offerings, a
cross-cultural variety of food, fashion, entertainment and various consumables and
artifacts.

Post-industrial character as an attribute

―The condition in which the production of good has ceased and switched to handling and
shifting money and ideas‖ (Val-Colic-Peisker)

Examples of Global Cities which transition as former industrial and manufacturing centers.
The Global Cities as Engines of Globalization
1. Global Cities provide spaces for industries that produce commodities and firms that provide
services such as accounting, banking, information processing, etc.
2. Global Cities offer convenience through proximity and just-in-time production of products and
services.

Categorization of the Global Cities

First Tier Cities: ―Truly Global Cities‖ As the most powerful global financial articulations. Second
Tier Cities: Based on the level of their multinational articulations.
Third Tier Cities: Based on their importance of their national articulation.
Application:

ASSESSMENTS I – Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Circle your answer.

1. It is also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city
which is primary node in the global economic network.

a. Cosmopolitan b. City
c. Global City d. Metropolitan

2. These are the characteristics of Global City except;

a. Headquarters of several multinational corporations.
b. Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area.
c. Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities.
d. Growing disconnection between city and its region.

3. It is detected on the surface as cosmopolitan feel.

a. cultural diversity b. cultural variety
c. cultural variability d. cultural change

4. It is a phenomenon mostly associated with the global city.

a. Cosmopolitan b. City
c. Global City d. Metropolitan

5. ―Truly Global Cities‖ As the most powerful global financial articulations.

a. First Tier Cities b. second Tier Cities
c. Third Tier Cities d. Fourth Tier Cities
 II. True or False.
________1. Global Cities provide spaces for industries that produce
commodities and firms that provide services such as accounting, banking,
information processing, etc.
________2. Global Cities offer convenience through proximity and just-in-
time production of products and services.
________3. The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization of
economics and the centralization of mass production within urban centers.
________4. Metropolitan is a phenomenon mostly associated with the global
city.
________5. Cultural Diversity is detected on the surface as „cosmopolitan fee.

RESOURCES: Aldama, P. (2018). The contemporary world. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. Street
Recto Avenue Manila Philippines: Rex Bookstore.
Claudio, L. & Abinales P. (2018). The contemporary world 839 EDSA, South
Triangle, Quezon City: C&E Publishing.
Globalization. (2019). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization
San Juan, D. (2018). Journeys through our contemporary world. 1253 G.
Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon
City: Vibal Group.
 DAY #
LESSON NO. 10
LESSON TITLE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
DURATION/HOURS 3 hrs
Specific Learning During the students' learning engagements, they will be able to:
Outcomes:  explain the theory of demographic transitions as it affects global
population;
 analyze the present global population and its effect to our economy;
 Express and exhibit analysis and stand on the contrasting positions
over reproductive health issues
 appreciate the importance of studying global demography,
demographic transitions and global population: its effect to our
economy and day to day living.

ACTIVITY

Words to know
Direction: Define the following terms according to your own understanding.

1. Demography –

2. Mortality -

3. Natality –

4. Population -

5. Global Demography-

Activity 1

Let us watch this!

Watch the video below and respond to the processing guide questions right after watching and
listening to it. Animation of the demographic transition model and population growth & decline.
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqLy3ofLeiI. Retrieved on August 25, 2020.

To compare the development of countries, often used indicators, such as average income, concern economic
development. Indicators on the level of mortality and birth also tell us something about the development of a
country and are therefore useful indicators. Two frequently used indicators are the birth rate and the mortality rate.
The birth rate starts with the number of live births in a year. Because there are more people living in one country
than in another, more children are probably born in that country. That is why we calculate the birth rate per 1000
inhabitants. In this way, countries can be compared. We do this in the following way. The Netherlands had
16.979.120 inhabitants in 2016 and 172,520 babies were born in that year. We divide the number of babies by the
number of inhabitants and multiply by 1000 to calculate the birth rate. We therefore divide 172,520 by 16,979,120
and we multiply by 1000. So, the birth rate of the Netherlands in 2016 was 10.2. The mortality rate is calculated
almost in the same way, but here we share the number of deaths by the inhabitants. In 2016, 148,997 people died in
the Netherlands. We divide 148,997 by 16,979,120 and multiplie it by 1000 and then it appears that the mortality
rate of the Netherlands in 2016 was 8.8. The natural population growth is the difference between the birth and the
mortality rate. 10.2 - 8.8 is 1.4. The natural population growth in the Netherlands in 2016 was therefore 1.4. The
birth rate and the mortality rate show us a lot of development in a country, because they develop over time. We can
show this development in the demographic transition model. Demos mean people and graphically a description. The
demographic transition model thus shows a change in the characteristics of the birth and mortality rate. We can
show the demographic transition model as a graph, in which the lines represent the birth rate, the mortality rate and
the total population size. The model consists of five phases. If a country is very poor and hardly developed, both the
birth and mortality rates will be very high. This is phase 1. The mortality rate can reach 40 and the birth rate even
something higher. This means that an average of 40 people die each year per 1000 inhabitants. That is because the
health care is still poorly developed. People get a lot of children, so the children can take care of the parents when
they‘re old and there are still few contraceptives available. Nowadays there are actually no countries anymore that
meet this description. When a country starts to develop, the quality of health care increases. People are being
vaccinated, better doctors and more hospitals are available. This reduces the mortality rate. This is phase two.
Because the birth rate still remains high, there is a huge natural population growth. This increases the total
population size. The poorest countries in the world meet this description, such as Angola and Chad. It is important
for these countries to continue to develop so that the population growth will decline! In phase three there is already
a low mortality rate, but also the birth rate declines. Contraceptives are more available and because child mortality is
falling, people need fewer children who can take care of them later. Girls also go to school much longer, which leads
to a lower birth rate. Because there is still a big difference between the birth and mortality rate, the population
continues to increase, but the increase is declining. Many countries that have developed quite well already meet this
description, such as Indonesia, South Africa and Mexico. In phase 4 there is a low birth and mortality rate. The
natural population growth is low again, as a result of which the population size hardly grows. Many developed
countries meet with this description, such as the Netherlands. In phase 5 the mortality rate increases and becomes
higher than the birth rate. For the first time in the history of a country it has to do with a natural population decline
instead of growth and so the total population size decreases. This happens when the population is getting older, so
that more and more people die. Only a few of the most developed countries meet this description, such as Germany.
The demographic transition model helps us to compare the development of countries and shows us which
demographic developments a country will experience in the future.

ANALYSIS

Answer the following questions. Answer thoroughly.

1. What does the audio-visual material tell us?

2. What do you think is the relevance of the video?
3. What are the stages in demographic transition model? Kindly explain each stage in your own
understanding about the video.
4. In five stages of demographic transition model, what stage struck you the most and why?
5. In your own idea, how does demographic transition affect global population?

ABSTRACTION

Global Demography

In the study about Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future. David E Bloom and David Canning
stated that in the past 50 years, the world accelerated its transition out of long-term demographic stability. As
infant and child mortality rates fell, populations began to soar. In most countries, this growth led to falling
fertility rates. Although fertility has fallen, the population continues to increase because of population
momentum; it will eventually level off. In the meantime, demographic change has created a ‗bulge‘ generation,
which today appears in many countries as a large working-age population. This cohort will eventually become a
large elderly population, in both developed and developing countries. Population growth has been the subject
of great debate among economists and demographers. Until recently, most have agreed on a middle ground, in
which population growth per se has no effect on economic growth. New evidence suggests that changes in the
age structure of populations – in particular, a rising ratio of working-age to non-working-age individuals –
leads to the possibility of more rapid economic growth, via both accounting and behavioural effects. The
experiences of east Asia, Ireland and sub-Saharan Africa all serve as evidence of the effect of demographic
change on economic growth (or lack thereof). Both internal migration (from rural to urban areas) and
international migration complicate this picture. The overall implications of population growth for policy lie in
the imperative for investments in health and education, and for sound policies related to labour, trade and
retirement. Understanding future trends is essential for the development of good policy. Demographic
projections can be quite reliable, but huge uncertainties – in the realms of health, changes in human life span,
scientific advances, migration, global warming and wars – make overall predictions extremely uncertain.

Theory about Demographic Transitions

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic
characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country‘s total population growth rate cycles
through stages as that country develops economically. Each stage is characterized by a specific relationship
between birth rate (number of annual births per one thousand people) and death rate (number of annual
deaths per one thousand people). As these rates change in relation to each other, their produced impact greatly
affects a country‘s total population. Within the model, a country will progress over time from one stage to the
next as certain social and economic forces act upon the birth and death rates. Every country can be placed
within the DTM, but not every stage of the model has a country that meets its specific definition. For example,
there are currently no countries in Stage 1, nor are there any countries in Stage 5, but the potential is there for
movement in the future.

https://populationeducation.org/what-demographic-transition-model/

What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model?

In Stage 1, which applied to most of the world before the Industrial Revolution, both birth rates and death
rates are high. As a result, population size remains fairly constant but can have major swings with events such
as wars or pandemics.
In Stage 2, the introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth
rates remain high; the result is rapid population growth. Many of the least developed countries today are in
Stage 2.
In Stage 3, birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in
women‘s status, and access to contraception. Population growth continues, but at a lower rate. Most developing
countries are in Stage 3.
In Stage 4, birth and death rates are both low, stabilizing the population. These countries tend to have
stronger economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, a higher proportion of working women, and a
fertility rate hovering around two children per woman. Most developed countries are in Stage 4.
A possible Stage 5 would include countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement
level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population.

Limitations of the Demographic Transition Model

Like any model, there will be outliers and exceptions to the rule and the Demographic Transition Model is no
different. Additionally, there are things the DTM cannot reveal: the impact of other demographic variables such
as migration, are not considered, nor does the model predict how long a country will be in each stage. But even
so, the relationship between birth rate and death rate is an important concept when discussing population and
any patterns, such as those provided by the DTM, that aid in understanding are helpful.

Demographic Transition Model Case Studies

Over a series of five posts we will explain each stage of the Demographic Transition Model in depth and provide
a case study for stages when there is a country that currently fits its parameters.

According to David Canning, The causes and consequences of the demographic transition are
considered in light of the recent book by Dyson (2010) on demography and development. In the last 50 years
the world has seen an exogenous decline in mortality that generated a decline in fertility and an increase in
urbanization that has had profound economic, social and political consequences. However, historically,
declines in mortality and fertility, and escape from the Malthusian trap, have required countries to have
already undergone considerable economic and political development. We therefore argue for two way causality
between the demographic transition and economic and political outcomes.

Global Population

By 2100, the world‘s population is projected to reach approximately 10.9 billion, with annual growth of
less than 0.1% – a steep decline from the current rate. Between 1950 and today, the world‘s population grew
between 1% and 2% each year, with the number of people rising from 2.5 billion to more than 7.7 billion.
Population in the world is currently (2020) growing at a rate of around 1.05% per year (down from 1.08% in
2019, 1.10% in 2018, and 1.12% in 2017). The current average population increase is estimated at 81 million
people per year.

Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%. The rate of increase has
nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in the coming years.

World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much slower rate compared
to the recent past. World population has doubled (100% increase) in 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999
(6 billion). It is now estimated that it will take another nearly 40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9
billion by 2037.

The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10 billion persons in
the year
2057.https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%2
0is,currently%20living)%20of%20the%20world.
World Population Forecast (2020-2050)
View population projections for all years (up to 2100)

Year
(July Yearly % Yearly Median Fertility Density Urban Urban
1) Population Change Change Age Rate (P/Km²) Pop % Population

2020 7,794,798,739 1.10 % 83,000,320 31 2.47 52 56.2 % 4,378,993,944

2025 8,184,437,460 0.98 % 77,927,744 32 2.54 55 58.3 % 4,774,646,303

2030 8,548,487,400 0.87 % 72,809,988 33 2.62 57 60.4 % 5,167,257,546

2035 8,887,524,213 0.78 % 67,807,363 34 2.70 60 62.5 % 5,555,833,477

2040 9,198,847,240 0.69 % 62,264,605 35 2.77 62 64.6 % 5,938,249,026

2045 9,481,803,274 0.61 % 56,591,207 35 2.85 64 66.6 % 6,312,544,819

2050 9,735,033,990 0.53 % 50,646,143 36 2.95 65 68.6 % 6,679,756,162

Source: Worldometer (www.Worldometers.info)

Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World
Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. (Medium-fertility variant).
https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%20is,cu
rrently%20living)%20of%20the%20world.

World Population by Region

Densi Fer Urba Worl

Populatio Yearly ty Land Migrant t. Me n d
n Chang Net (P/K Area s Rat d. Pop Shar
# Region (2020) e Change m²) (Km²) (net) e Age % e

1 Asia 4,641,054, 0.86 % 39,683,5 150 31,033,1 -1,729,112 2.2 32 0% 59.5

775 77 31 %

2 Africa 1,340,598, 2.49 % 32,533,9 45 29,648,4 -463,024 4.4 20 0 % 17.2 %

147 52 81

3 Europe 747,636,0 0.06 % 453,275 34 22,134,9 1,361,011 1.6 43 0% 9.6 %

26 00

4 Latin America 653,962,3 0.9 % 5,841,374 32 20,139,3 -521,499 2 31 0% 8.4 %

and the 31 78
 Densi Fer Urba Worl
Populatio Yearly ty Land Migrant t. Me n d
n Chang Net (P/K Area s Rat d. Pop Shar
# Region (2020) e Change m²) (Km²) (net) e Age % e

Caribbean

5 Northern 368,869,6 0.62 % 2,268,68 20 18,651,6 1,196,400 1.8 39 0% 4.7 %

America 47 3 60

6 Oceania 42,677,81 1.31 % 549,778 5 8,486,46 156,226 2.4 33 0% 0.5 %

3 0

https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20the%20worl
d.

World Population Density (people/km2)

This shows about the population density of the world, states, and regions. See also: World Map

https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20the%20worl
d.

It was written during the 1970s that 75% of the people who had ever been born were alive at that
moment. This was grossly false.
Assuming that we start counting from about 50,000 B.C., the time when modern Homo sapiens appeared on
the earth (and not from 700,000 B.C. when the ancestors of Homo sapiens appeared, or several million years
ago when hominids were present), taking into account that all population data are a rough estimate, and
assuming a constant growth rate applied to each period up to modern times, it has been estimated that a total
of approximately 106 billion people have been born since the dawn of the human species, making the
population currently alive roughly 6% of all people who have ever lived on planet Earth.
Others have estimated the number of human beings who have ever lived to be anywhere from 45 billion
to 125 billion, with most estimates falling into the range of 90 to 110 billion humans.
Global population and its Effect to our Economy

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. In the study about
the role of population in economic growth by E. Wesley and F. Peterson it draws on historical data to chart the
links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200
years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while
high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could
help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it
appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global
economic inequality.
In conclusion, demographic change will result in a slower‐ growing and older population. This
transition will likely put downward pressure on the growth rate of potential output, the natural rate of
unemployment, and the long‐ term equilibrium interest rate. The magnitude of these effects and the timing are
uncertain because they depend on complicated dynamics and the behavior of consumers and businesses.
Demographic change may also affect the business cycle and the monetary policy transmission mechanism.
Monetary policymakers will need to continually evaluate these structural and cyclical effects in determining
appropriate policy. Demographic trends present challenges for fiscal policymakers as well. Rising fiscal
imbalances are projected to lead to higher government debt‐ to‐ GDP levels, potentially putting upward
pressure on interest rates, and crowding out productive investment. But steps can be taken to offset some of
the negative consequences of demographic change for the economy. These include policies that focus on
increasing productivity and labor force growth and that address growing fiscal imbalances. Because population
growth plays an important role in overall economic growth, the evolution of world population will continue to
be a major global concern.

Application and Assessment

Watch this documentary video about DON'T PANIC — Hans Rosling showing the facts about
population. Retrieved from: https://amara.org/en/videos/mhTYhbSld8v7/en/872652/. Retrieved on August
26, 2020.
In a separate sheet of paper, make a reflection at least 300 words about the documentary video.
Determine what you have learned ( the knowledge that serve as your foundation to stand and keep); the
things you have realized and appreciated (attitude towards learning) and the things you discovered (skills that
you will cherish in life).

Discussion

Direction: In a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions. Answer briefly.

1. Does Philippines undergone demographic transition model? Why or Why not?

2. How does demographic transition affect global population?
3. What is the implication of world population growth this year/current year and years to come/future? Is
there an effect of this to our economy and to our situation right now that we are in a middle of
pandemic? Why?
4. The Philippines belongs to top 13 of the top 20 countries with the largest population. What can say
about this? Is there an effect to our economy? Cite some examples about this matter.
5. Differentiate global demography to global population?
 Analysis and Discussion Rubric

https://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+in+writing+essay&sxsrf

Rubric for Student Reflections

Above Meets Expectations Approaching Below

Expectations 8-7 Expectations Expectations
10-9 6-5 4-3
Reflective The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection does
Thinking explains the student‘s explains the student‘s attempts to not address the
own thinking and thinking about his/her demonstrate thinking student‘s thinking
learning processes, as own learning about learning but is and/or learning
well as implications processes. vague and/or unclear
for future learning. about the personal
learning process.
Analysis The reflection is an in- The reflection is an The reflection The reflection does
depth analysis of the analysis of the attempts to analyze not move beyond a
learning experience, learning experience the learning description of the
the value of the and the value of the experience but the learning experience.
derived learning to derived learning to value of the learning
self or others, and the self or others. to the student or
enhancement of the others is vague and/or
student‘s appreciation unclear.
for the discipline.

Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection does
Connections articulates multiple articulates attempts to articulate not articulate any
connections between connections between connections between connection to other
this learning this learning this learning learning or
experience and experience and experience and experiences.
content from other content from other content from other
courses, past learning, courses, past learning courses, past learning
life experiences experiences, and/or experiences, or
and/or future goals. future goals. personal goals, but the
connection is vague
and/or unclear.
Total 30-27 24-21 18-15 12-9
http://earlycollegeconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Portfolio-Rubric-for-Reflection.PRINT_.pdf
References:

Ariola, Mariano M. (2018).The Contemporary World .pp.65-71.Unlimited books library

services & Publishing Inc.

Bloom et al. (2011). Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future. WDA-HSG Discussion Papier
No. 2006-1. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1883686.
Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Bloom, David E. and Canning, David, Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future (2006).
WDA-HSG Discussion Papier No. 2006-1, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883686.
Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Grew, Drover. (2014). What is the Demographic Transition Model? Retrieved from:
https://populationeducation.org/what-demographic-transition-model/. Retrieved on August 26,
2020

Canning, David. (2011). The causes and consequences of demographic transition. Population
Studies 65, no. 3: 353–361. doi:10.1080/00324728.2011.611372. Retrieved from:
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33730183/6431162.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#:~:
text=The%20demographic%20transition%20leads%20to,population%20to%20its%20equilibrium%2
0size.. Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Cillufo, Anthony and Ruiz, Niel. (2019). World‘s population is projected to nearly stop growing
by the end of the century. Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
tank/2019/06/17/worlds-population-is-projected-to-nearly-stop-growing-by-the-end-of-the-
century/. Retrieved on: August 26, 2020

Current World Population. Retrieved from:https://www.worldometers.info/world-

population/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20t
he%20world. Retrieved on August 26, 2020

Mester, Loretta J.(2017). Demographics and Their Implications for the Economy and Policy.
Retrieved from: https://www.clevelandfed.org/en/newsroom-and-events/speeches/sp-20171116-
demographics-and-their-implications-for-the-economy-and-policy.aspx. Retrieved on August 26,
2020

Fox et al,. (2015).Is population growth good or bad? Retrieved from:

https://www.theigc.org/blog/is-population-growth-good-or-bad-for-economic-development/.
Retrieved on August 26, 2020
 Lesson 11 Global Migration

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the reason why people migrate.
2. explain concepts on global migration.
3. interview an OFW to have insights of their migration experiences.

ACTIVITY 1: Picture Splash

Direction: What are the key ideas you can see in the photos?

From : https://tinyurl.com/y5sodf5e

ANALYSIS:

1. What are these people doing in the picture?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
 2. Why do you think people move from one place to another?
_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

3. Is it beneficial to a receiving country to accommodate migrants? Justify your answer.

_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

ABSTRACTION
GLOBAL MIGRATION
What is migration?

The movement to settle in another country or locality of a person or people from one
country, locality, place of residence, etc. There are two main forms of migration: internal
migration, which refers to individuals who are moving within one country, from one region to
another; and foreign migration, in which people cross borders from one country to another.
The above can be broken down further into five categories. First are those who travel
permanently (immigrants) to another country. The second applies to employees who are staying for a fixed
time in another country (at least 6 months per year). The third group consists of irregular migrants, while the
fourth group consists of migrants whose families have "requested" them to migrate to their destination
country. The fifth group are refugees (also known as asylum-seekers), i.e., those ―unable or unwilling to return
because of a well-founded fear of prosecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion.‖ A central aspect of our increasingly interconnected world is
migration. In many nations, it has also become a flashpoint for discussion, underscoring the value of
understanding global migration trends and the economic effect that is generated as people migrate across the
borders of the world. A recent McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) study, People on the Move: The Effects and
Potential of Global Migration, aims to fill this need.
In the media, refugees may be the face of migration, but 90 % of the world's 247 million migrants have
voluntarily travelled across borders, typically for economic reasons. Voluntary migration flows are usually
incremental, putting less burden than refugee flows on infrastructure and the social structure of destination
countries. The majority of voluntary migrants are adults of working age, a function that helps increase the
proportion of the population that is economically involved in destination countries.
The remaining 10 percent, by comparison, are refugees and asylum seekers who have fled to avoid war
and persecution in another country. About half of the 24 million refugees in the world are in the Middle East
and North Africa. But the recent surge in arrivals in Europe has concentrated the focus of the developed world
on this problem Fifty percent of global migrants have moved from the developing countries to the developed
zones of the world and contribute anywhere from 40 to 80 percent of their labor force. Their growth has
outstripped the population growth in the developing countries.

WHAT IS GLOBAL MIGRATION?

Global migration is a situation in which people go to other countries to live, in particular to foreign countries to
find jobs. Although the causes are just as numerous as their effects, they can be interpreted as a cause and
effect relationship. For different purposes, individuals migrate across foreign borders.

WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE?

ECONOMIC REASONS
Lack of jobs or prospects or work and salary differentials; An important driver of foreign migration is a
well-paid career in a rich country. Lack of educational resources Institutions around developed countries have
also contributed significantly to the cause for this migrations.

POLITICAL REASONS
The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic amenities (roads,
electricity, portable water, and inadequate health care facilities) and industrial ventures in countries
have also encourage international migration.

SOCIAL FACTORS
Socially factors are things that affect someone‘s lifestyle. These could include wealth, religion, buying
habits, educational level, family size and structure and population density.

CULTURAL FACTORS
The idea of culture is vital to understanding the implications for translation and despite the
differences of opinion as to whether language is a part of culture or not, the two are connected.
Culture ranges are from syntax, ideologies, religion, language and dialect, to art and literacy.

PUSH-PULL FACTOR
In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from a place and draw
people to a new location. Combinations of push-pull factors help determine migration or
immigration of particular populations from one land to another.

Push Factors: Reasons to leave – Factors that lead migrants decide to leave their home.
Pull Factors: Reasons to migrate – Factors that attract people in are where immigrants are going.

PUSH FACTOR PULL FACTOR

 Unemployment  Better working conditions
 Social unrest  High standard of living
 Political crisis  Attractive compensation opportunities
 Minimum wages
 Poor living condition
 Corruption in the Government
 Lack of employment facilities
 Social mobility
 Government policies

The impact of migration on sending and receiving countries

According to the World Bank, 247 million people have emigrated in 2013, while the figure is expected to
increase to 250 million in 2015. Anti-immigration rhetoric is on the rise, and although the media are
continuously debating the effect on destination countries in North America and Western Europe, the economic
impact is also very severe for sending nations.

One aspect of immigration that is seen to favor the receiving country is the payment of remittances and
the receiving of money back home. These massive flows of capital, from the wealthier developed world to the
poorer developing world, are also seen as crucial to economic growth.

Labor author Professor Klaus F. Zimmermann writes in his article on the negative effects of labor mobility
restrictions that migrants establishing themselves in another country will create a "brain drain" in the sending
country.

Research has shown, however, that workers migrate, find jobs, and then move on or return home,
disabling the misconception that immigrants stream into western nations to settle permanently. This
temporary migration has a positive impact on sending nations, as returnees are more highly qualified and
experienced, and are able to improve their domestic economy due to the skills they have learned abroad.
From : https://tinyurl.com/y4pyhdeu

The Problem of Human Trafficking

At the top of the brain drain problem, sending states must also protect migrant workers. The United
States Federal Bureau of Investigation ranks trafficking in human beings as the third largest criminal
enterprise in the world. In 2012, the International Labor Organization ( ILO) listed 21 million men , women
and children as victims of "forced labor"—three in every 1000 people worldwide. Ninety per cent of the victims
(18.7 million) are exploited by private companies and entrepreneurs; 22 per cent (4.5 million) are sexually
abused; and 68 per cent (14.2 million) are coerced into agricultural , manufacturing, infrastructure and
domestic activities. Trafficking of human beings has become very lucrative, bringing trade unions, traffickers
and corrupt government officials income of as much as $150 billion a year in 2014. Governments, the private
sector and civil society organisations have worked together to tackle trafficking in human beings, but the
outcomes remain unequal.

APPLICATION:

Direction:

1. Find a former or current OFW to be interviewed.

2. His/her name may not be revealed to ensure s/he is protected.
3. Please do the following during the interview

A. Introduce yourself and state the purpose for an interview.

B. Assure your interviewee that you follow confidentiality.
C. You may use the following guide questions during the interview;
1. How long have you stayed abroad?
2. What are her/his purposes of going abroad?
3. Do you have an unforgettable experience abroad? Please describe it.
4. What is your work abroad?
5. What is your worst experience abroad?
6. How will you compare our country with the country you have been to?

4. Write a narrative report of that interview.

Assessment

A. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. If Anny moves from Philippines to USA, this is considered what type of migration?
a. Internal migration c. Illegal immigration
b. International migration d. global migration
2. These are the factors that drive people away from a place and drew people to a new location.
a. Push factor c. pull factor
b. Drive factor d. immigration factor
3. The following are pull factors except;
a. Better work condition c. good compensation
b. Good standard of living d. political crises
 4. Global migration is ― siphoning …qualified personnel, (and) removing dynamic young workers. This
process had been referred to as?
a. Overpopulation c. underemployment
b. Brain drain d. globalization
5. This refers to those people who are ―unwilling to return home because of a well-founded fear of
prosecution on race, religion, or nationality.
a. Refugee c. illegal immigrants
b. Immigrant d. internal migrant

B. Enumeration
1-4 Give the 4 reasons why people migrate.
5-10 List at least 5 push factors in migration

References

Lisandro, C.E. & Patricio, A.N. (2018). The Contemporary World

Henson, J. (2018). Global Population and Mobility. Retrieved from : https://tinyurl.com/y35c5sjx
Perfuma, R. (2018). Global Population and Mobility. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yympn87z
Canning, D. and Bloom, D. (2006). Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future Retrieved from:
https://tinyurl.com/y2p4wtwc
Department of Sociology (2017). Demography Retrieved from: https://tinyurl.com/y6hx5xdv
The impact of migration on sending and receiving countries Retrieved from:
https://tinyurl.com/y4pyhdeu

Rubric for the Narrative

Adapted from: https://tinyurl.com/y5p4hxuv