JMHS • Honors Chemistry Name

5 • Gases Period Date

5.1-5.6 NOTES – KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

Kinetic Molecular Theory

How do we describe a gas sample?

Kinetic Molecular Theory:

Example 1: Use the ideas of Kinetic Molecular Theory to make and explain predictions about gas samples.
 In a rigid container, how does the pressure change when the temperature increases?

 In a rigid container, how does the pressure change when the sample contains more moles of gas (at constant
temperature)?

 In a piston, how does the pressure change when the volume is decreased?

 In a balloon, how does the volume change when the temperature is increased at constant pressure?

Volume (V)
Pressure (P)

The first barometer

Standard Pressure =

Example 2:
 A sample of Ar gas is introduced in an evacuated flask of a closed-end
manometer. If the change in height is 25 mm, find the pressure of the Ar
gas in atm.

 In an open-end manometer, an unknown gas is introduced into the

flask. Calculate the pressure of the gas in atm if

○ The level of Hg on the side of the flask is higher than the

open end by 8 mm. (Picture D)

○ The level of Hg on the open end is higher by 10 mm.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Partial Pressure –

PA = n  (Ptotal)
PA nA nA
Dalton’s Law: Ptotal = PA + PB + … Ptotal = ntotal or
 
total

Example 3: A container with 2.5 mol H2 and 5.0 mol O2 has a total pressure of 3.6 atm. What is the partial
pressure of each gas?
Temperature (T)
Kelvin vs. Celsius
TK = T°C + 273

Absolute Zero

Standard Temperature –

Room Temperature –

Graham’s Law of Effusion

Diffusion –

Effusion

Graham’s Law:
vA MMB
vB = MMA