HEPATITIS

MA RI A JOS E LA DI NO LA DI NO
E LE V E N GR A DE
HEPATITIS
Hepatitis is a disease with many known causes:

•Infections by viruses, bacteria or parasites.

•Autoimmune disorders.

•Injuries due to interruption of the normal blood supply to the liver.

•Trauma

•Presence in the body of certain drugs, toxins, medications.

•Presence of inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis or Wilson's disease.

HEPATITIS A
Also called infectious hepatitis; this variant is produced by
the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Its transmission occurs by
consuming water or food contaminated by fecal matter
containing the virus, and also by contagion from person to
person, especially if hygienic conditions are poor.

It is a generally mild type of hepatitis, especially when it

occurs in children.
SYMPTOMS
HEPATITIS A
There are no significant
symptoms, so the disease is not
diagnosed. Symptoms include
tiredness, jaundice (yellowish
skin), loss of appetite, nausea and
vomiting, and dark-colored urine.
Symptoms are usually more
severe in adults than in children.
The condition does not become
chronic and does not permanently
damage the liver.
Treatment for
hepatitis A
There are no specific treatments for hepatitis A. Your body
will clear the disease virus on its own. In most cases of
hepatitis A, the liver heals within six months with no
lasting damage.
▪You may need to do the following:

▪
▪To rest.

▪Control nausea.
▪Avoid alcohol and take medicine with care.
HEPATITIS B
The contagion occurs through infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions,
saliva, tears and urine. Transmission usually occurs:

•By sharing syringes contaminated with the blood of an infected person during the consumption of
some type of drug.

•By contact with infected material such as acupuncture needles, tattoos, piercings.

•By sharing personal hygiene items such as razors or toothbrushes

•By having sex with a person infected with the virus.

SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS B
Asymptomatic carriers are an important source of contagion, since not being aware that they have
the disease, they do not take measures to prevent its transmission.
Hepatitis B
treatment
Several antiviral medications,
such as entecavir (Baraclude),
tenofovir (Viread),
lamivudine (Epivir), can help
fight the virus and reduce its
ability to damage the liver.
HEPATITIS C
Caused by the hepatitis C virus, it is transmitted by direct contact with the blood of an infected
person. Its main forms of transmission are usually:

•Infected needles or syringes.

•Blood transfusions

•During the delivery; mother-child transmission.

SYMPTOMS HEPÁTITIS C
Like hepatitis B, form C of this disease has an acute course and a chronic course, the latter being
the one that usually develops more frequently (85% of cases). In most cases the patient remains
asymptomatic, although the disease can progress slowly, so there is a risk of developing cirrhosis
and liver cancer.
Hepatitis C
Treatment
▪Interferon

▪Interferon is a drug that boosts your immune

system so it does a better job of attacking the
hepatitis C virus. Interferon does not attack the
virus itself.

▪Antivirals or direct-acting antivirals

HEPATITIS D
It is the most serious form of viral
hepatitis. The hepatitis D virus
(HDV), also called hepatitis delta, is
transmitted by the same routes as the
hepatitis B virus. It is a very special
virus, since it requires the existence
of a hepatitis B virus infection to to
be able to survive in the human
being. Therefore, when someone is
infected with HDV, they are also
most certainly infected with HBV.
SYMPTOMS HEPATITIS D
When the simultaneous infection by HBV and HDV occurs, the patient suffers from acute
symptoms (jaundice, fever, general malaise, etc.) that can become very serious. If you exceed the
acute phase, you will most likely be able to control both infections and, therefore, cure both
diseases.
Hepatitis D
Treament
There is no specific treatment
for acute viral hepatitis,
including hepatitis D. Chronic
hepatitis D can be treated
with interferon alpha, usually
for 1 year.