Section 4-2 Checkpoint Qs & Defs

polis = Greek city-state phalanx = massive tactical formation of heavily

armed foot soldiers
acropolis = high region of city where marble
temples dedicated to gods/goddesses were Sparta = Greek city-state run by an oligarchy;
located emphasis on military

citizen = free residents Athens = Greek city-state eventually run by a

“democracy;” emphasis on the arts
monarchy = govt in which a hereditary ruler
exercises central power democracy = gov’t by the people

aristocracy = rule by a hereditary landholding tyrant = person who gained power by force
elite
legislature = lawmaking body
oligarchy = power in hands of a small wealthy
elite

Checkpoint Qs:

How did the sea contribute to Greek commerce?

The seacoast encouraged Greeks to become skilled sailors and traders. Greek coastline
offered safe harbors for ships. Trade became important, and rapid population growth
resulted in the establishment of colonies along the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

Extra Q: How did geography influence the development of Greece?

The coastline provided them an excellent opportunity for sea trade and for cultural
diffusion. The rugged mountains and islands created many small city-states cut off from
one another. It encouraged independence and at times resulted in frequent rivalry
between city-states, often resulting in war.

How was a city-state shaped by its citizenry?

Over time, more and more citizens demanded a role in gov’t.

Why was discipline important to Sparta?

Every Spartan citizen had to be ready to fight since the slaves outnumbered citizens and
the slaves would likely revolt if Spartans showed any signs of weakness. Discipline was
vital in keeping it secure.

How was democracy limited in Athens?

A voice in gov’t was denied to many Athenians, including women and slaves, as well as
merchants and foreigners. Citizens could participate in gov’t but citizenship was limited
to landowning men. Nonetheless, Athens gave more people a say in gov’t policy than any
other ancient civilization.

What factors united the city-states of Greece?

Their language and shared religious beliefs and a general feeling of their uniqueness and
superiority over other peoples – a universal dislike of foreigners (xenophobia).