KINNAIRD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, LAHORE

SUBMITTED BY: Surriya Murtaza

SUBMITTED TO: Maám Kanwal Naseem
COURSE: Environmental Geography
TITLE: Elucidate this statement with the help of some suitable
examples in order to jusify your answer
SEMESTER: VI
MAJOR: BS. Accounting And Finance
SUBMISION DATE: 12th February 2020
Damage to the environment
Environmental damage
Serious damage to human health or marine life or resources in coastal or inland waters, or
surrounding areas, caused by pollution, pollution, fire, explosion or similar disasters.
Environmental damage are considered to be the most serious cause of

 water pollution
 land contamination
 damage to biodiversity
Environmental damage to water
Pollution of the water environment is classed as environmental damage if it's far critical
enough to lower the popularity of the water body in terms set by the eu union (eu) water
framework directive, for example; converting the ecological popularity of surface water from
appropriate to moderate or poor.
In case you pollute the water environment in a manner which is not serious enough to be
classed as environmental damage, you could nevertheless be prosecuted in case you:

 cause harm to human health

 damage natural ecosystems
 interfere with drinking water, recreational activities and any other use of the water
Environmental damage to land
Land contamination is also classed as environmental harm if there's a big risk that it might
cause hurt to human health or to indirectly to the human- For example contamination by
benzine, polychlorinated biphenyls and different toxicant chemicals
Environmental damage to biodiversity
Biodiversity damage is classed as environmental damage if it causes:

 harmful effect on the conservation status of EU protected species and natural habitat
 harmful effect on ecological structure and function of an area of special scientific
interest, For example; manure spreading on protected grassland
Solution:
These cases are dealt with in the Environmental Liability Regulations.
Many cases of pollution and damage will be covered by other laws. For example, if you cause
a serious incident of water pollution, you may be given a notice of remediation or
persecution.

Environmental legal responsibility regulations

The environmental liability guidelines pressure businesses to take action to prevent
environmental harm and to smooth up any harm that they cause, called remediation.
Waste management operations wanting a permit or registration consisting of collecting,
transporting, recovering and getting rid of waste and risky waste, running landfill websites,
handling extractive mining waste, making discharges to surface water and groundwater that
require an authorisation, abstracting and storing water in a manner that requires a licence,
sports related to dangerous substances, insecticides and biocides, transporting risky and
polluting goods, sports concerning genetically changed organisms, activities requiring a
pollutants prevention and manipulate allow, importing and exporting waste.
The Environment and The Economy
The demand for a safe and sustainable natural environment creates opportunities for jobs and
the production of wealth, such as organic farming and the industries responsible for the
management and conservation of natural resources. Other sectors strive to minimize the
environmental impacts of economic activity, such as through the generation of renewable
energy sources, through waste management methods, and through goods and technologies
that reduce air and noise emissions generated by manufacturing processes. However, some
seek to mitigate adverse environmental effects and restore natural assets, such as water
treatment facilities and land remediation, to their former status. Such industries contribute
significantly to the economy of the UK. A new report showed that in the UK in 2007/08,
including the supply chains of these sectors, the Low Carbon and Renewable Goods and
Services market was worth over £ 100 billion. They supported 880,000 jobs, a number that by
2015 is expected to grow to over 1.3 million. An externality in the economic system is the
climate. It reflects a market flaw in that in the workings of conventional economic theory, the
costs or advantages of output are not adequately accounted for. By analyzing any number of
examples, this can be understood. Assume that there is a factory dumping effluent on a river
upstream from a municipality. Via a decline in the quality of drinkable water, this pollution
creates health issues for the residents of the municipality. In terms of a reduction in
productivity and personal welfare, these health concerns pose a cost to the economy. On the
other hand, the factory benefits from providing a cheap and easy system for waste disposal.
The environmental issue that occurs here can not be solved without a connection between the
costs to the community and the benefits to the factory, as the factory will have little
motivation to improve the water quality of the river. The relation between the environment
and economy must be considered to make responsible development decisions. A great deal
has been discovered in the latter half of this century about the effects that human behavior
can have on the climate. Societal welfare has been redefined as consumer surplus + producer
surplus + government net revenue + environmental quality, thereby placing tangible
importance on ecosystem health. This has resulted, among other things, in the identification
of environmental costs, such as the reduced quality of water in the above example. By
incorporating these factors in the output decisions of the businesses, equilibrium levels are
being re-calculated. If another factory along the river had to weigh the costs associated with
the dumping of the effluent, those costs (in order to increase profits) would be reduced by
limiting or handling the volume of effluent dumped. Anti-pollution incentives and
environmental protection are all too often insufficient to achieve the socially optimal
equilibrium level of pollution, particularly in less developed countries where there is a lack of
regulation or compliance. In an age of increased social responsibility, the internalization of
environmental externality is something that is necessary for responsible growth and is
becoming more and more prevalent, at least in parts of the world where such concerns are
affordable.
The Limit Theory:
This suggests that economic growth will harm the environment and that the harm itself will
begin to act as a brake on expansion and force economies to cope with financial harm. In
other words, the environment is going to force us to look after it. For example, if we reduce
the amount of natural resources, their price will go up and this will create an incentive to
pursue alternatives.

Developing and developed countries

In developed countries, the effect of pollution is more serious, leading to ill health, deaths and
disabilities of millions of people annually.
In order to achieve and maintain economic growth and poverty reduction, developing
countries wish to ensure electricity for everyone at a fair price. The perception of energy
poverty in these regions is related to the high level of income and non-income poverty in the
regions. These countries would, in their effort to develop and boost the living conditions of
their people, opt for the objectives of economic development and cheap energy for all. This
will contribute to contamination and deterioration of the environment. Moreover, access to
energy is important, at a lower price, to make industries competitive in developed countries
and to contribute to economic growth, job creation and development. Ensuring access to
energy for the population and improving the competitiveness of local industries may require
lower energy prices through energy supply. This would promote over-consumption of
electricity, waste and inefficiency, as well as contamination of the atmosphere from fuel. The
majority of developing countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa, rely heavily on
natural resources for income and foreign exchange. These economies are powered by funds
produced by the extraction of natural resources such as coal, oil and gas, forest and
agricultural resources, gold, etc. Those resources also rely on the livelihood of the masses.
However, environmental contamination and depletion are the result of the exploitation and
production of some of these resources. For example, major land, water and air pollution has
been caused by oil exploration and the activities of multinational oil companies in the Niger
Delta region of Nigeria. However, oil exploration and development will continue to be a
dominant economic operation for Nigeria to maintain its current economic growth direction
and sustain its quest for poverty reduction. This is the case for a number of other developed
nations as well. The tools and technology for the battle against pollution are available to
developing countries. However, while this may be simple for developed countries, stopping
pollution will undermine the economic growth and competitiveness of developing countries
that depend on natural resources to sustain their economies. Significant economic growth and
development have been accomplished by developing countries and they can afford to focus
on environmental targets because basic living needs have been achieved. In order to protect
the environment, developed nations are more responsible. Historically, developed countries
have triggered global warming and newly industrialised countries such as China and India
are adding to the inventory. Developed countries should make total and meaningful
reductions in their carbon emissions in order to protect the atmosphere, as emissions are the
key cause of global warming. There is a disparity between developed-country and
developing-country emissions and it is difficult to treat them at par because emissions from
developed countries are of a lifestyle nature whereas emissions from developing countries are
of a survival nature. Instead of recognizing their historical obligation, developed countries
seek to transfer the blame to developing countries. We got here first, so we get to keep what
we have, while those who came later must stay where they are for the sake of saving the
planet from the effects of global warming, the developing countries believe. By focusing on
the existing pollution and ignoring the emission stock that has already been present in the
atmosphere because of their activities, developing countries have been doing this. Ultimately,
developed countries have money for advanced technology to tackle contamination of the
atmosphere, emerging countries and lower developed countries are those who have to face
the effects more.
Conclusion
In conclusion, developing countries are required to place sustainable growth, energy for all,
and industrialization at the forefront of their agendas in their search for economic
development and poverty reduction, before addressing environmental issues. Forcing
developing countries, such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, to follow
environmental targets, in particular reducing CO2 emissions, would therefore need
considerable economic, technical and financial support from developed countries and the
international community to offset the economic losses associated with pollution reduction.
This suggests that there is little concerned about environmental issues in the early stages of
economic growth, and that countries often undermine environmental standards in order to
gain a competitive advantage – an incentive to free-ride others' efforts. If the climate worsens
more and more, however, it will reluctantly push societies to reduce the worst impacts of
environmental damage. This would slow down the deterioration of the ecosystem but not
reverse past patterns.