Psych 2220

Exam 1 Review Guide

Exam 1 during class on Friday, September 15.
 Instructions
• Arrive on time
• Bring your Buck ID
• Bring a couple of #2 pencils
• Bring a calculator (not a phone or computer)

• The exam consists of approximately 35 multiple

choice items.
– There are five response options per question (A-E).
• You will have the full class period to complete the
exam.
Page 1 of the Exam (Draft)
Materials Provided as Part of the Exam
You will need to know more
than just this formula.
However, this formula is
∑ ( X − µ)
2
meant to provide a starting
σ 2
= point. You may need to
N modify the formula or
remember other formulae
to correctly complete
certain problems.
 Chapters and Materials
• Exam 1 covers chapters 1 – 5 of the textbook
and all accompanying lecture notes, class
activities, and homework assignments.
– All topics are eligible to appear on the exam,
though not all will actually appear.
– Topics on the following slides are not an
exhaustive list, but, rather, an effort to help you
study most of the important topics.
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 1
• Descriptive vs. inferential statistics
• Populations vs. samples
• Random sampling (also covered in chapter 5)
• Types of variables
– Discrete vs. continuous
– Scales of measurement
• Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
• Scale variables
– Independent, dependent, and confounding
variables
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 1
• Reliability and validity
• Correlational studies
• Experiments
– Random assignment
– Within-groups vs. between-groups designs
• Outliers
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 2
• Frequency tables
– Grouped frequency tables
• Histograms
• Frequency polygons
• Stem-and-leaf plots
• Normal vs. skewed distributions
– Types of skew
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 3
• Problematic ways of graphing data
– Biased scale lie
– Sneaky sample lie
– Interpolation lie
– Extrapolation lie
– Inaccurate values lie
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 3
• Scatterplots
– Linear and non-linear relationships
• Line graphs
• Bar graphs
– Pareto chart
• Pictorial graphs
• When to use different types of graphs
• Chartjunk
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 4
• Measures of central tendency
– Mean
– Median
– Mode
• How to calculate measures of central
tendency
• Properties and advantages/disadvantages of
different measures of central tendency
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 4
• Measures of variability
– Range
– Variance
– Standard deviation
– Interquartile range
• How to calculate measures of variability
• What variances and standard deviations
represent
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 5
• Random and non-random samples
• Replication
• Confirmation bias and illusory correlations
• Probabilities
– Expected-relative-frequency probability
– Independent events
– Mutually exclusive events
– Unions (Disjunctions)
– Intersections (Conjunctions)
– Additive and Multiplicative Laws (simple cases)
– Conditional probabilities
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 5
• Hypothesis testing
– General process of hypothesis testing
– Null vs. alternative (research) hypotheses
– What conclusions can we reach on the basis of our
statistics when conducting a hypothesis test?
• What a rejection of the null hypothesis means and how
conditional probabilities are relevant
• Type I and Type II errors
• Power
Questions?
 Extra Practice
• If you are looking for extra practice, there are
useful “check your learning” questions
throughout each textbook chapter and review
questions at the end of each chapter.
– Answers for “check your learning questions” can
be found in Appendix D.
– Answers for odd-numbered end-of-chapter
questions can be found in Appendix C.