Psych 2220

Exam 2 Review Guide

Exam 2:
During class on Wednesday, October 11.
 Instructions
• Arrive on time
• Bring your Buck ID
• Bring a couple of #2 pencils
• Bring a calculator (not a phone or computer)

• The exam consists of approximately 30 multiple choice

items.
– There are up to five response options per question (A-E).
Some questions will have fewer response options. Exercise
care when recording your answer.
• You will have the full class period to complete the
exam.
Materials Provided as Part of the Exam
You will be provided with a z table as part of the exam (based on the
format provide in the textbook).

In addition, you will be provided with the formulae shown on this

slide. Please note that these formulae are provided as a starting
point. You will need to understand what the formulae represent and
you may need to modify these formulae or remember others to
correctly complete certain problems.

( M  M )
z ( statistic ) 
M
( M crit  M )
Mcrit = z(σM) + µM z ( for power ) 
M
 Chapters and Materials
• Exam 2 covers chapters 6 – 8 of the textbook and
all accompanying lecture notes, class activities,
and homework assignments.
– This exam is not intended to be cumulative. However,
because many of the topics that we have discussed
build upon one another, you may still need to
remember and use information from earlier chapters.
– All topics that we have covered are eligible to appear
on the exam, though not all will actually appear.
– Topics on the following slides are not an exhaustive
list, but, rather, an effort to help you study most of the
important topics.
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 6
• Properties of the normal curve
• The standard normal distribution and its
properties
• z scores
– Converting raw scores to z scores
– Converting z scores to raw scores
– Area under the normal curve for ±1.96 z scores
– What a z score of 0 represents
• Why do we standardize scores (i.e., compute z
scores)?
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 6
• The Central Limit Theorem
• Distributions of means
– Three properties for a distribution of means
• Standard errors
– Conceptual and computational understanding
• Computing a z statistic for a distribution of
means
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 7
• How to use the z table to:
– Find the percentage of scores or means under
specific sections of the z distribution
– Find critical values for hypothesis testing
• Convert z scores or z statistics into raw scores
or raw means
• The assumptions of the z test
• Parametric vs. nonparametric tests
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 7
• Alpha (p levels)
• Critical values and critical regions
• Null and alternative hypotheses for one-tailed
and two-tailed tests
• Hypothesis testing with z tests
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 8
• Point estimates vs. interval estimates
• Conceptual understanding of 95% confidence
intervals.
• Computation of a 95% confidence interval (to
accompany a z test)
• Benefits of using confidence intervals
• Conceptual understanding of effect size
• Calculation of Cohen’s d (to accompany a z
test)
 Some Topics to Know – Ch. 8
• Interpretation of Cohen’s d
• Statistical Power
• Factors that affect statistical power
– Alpha
– One-tailed vs. two-tailed tests
– Mean differences between populations
– Sample size
– Variability
• Calculation of power for a one-tailed z test
• Conceptual understanding of meta-analyses
Questions?
 Extra Practice
• If you are looking for extra practice, there are
useful “check your learning” questions
throughout each textbook chapter and review
questions at the end of each chapter.
– Answers for “check your learning questions” can
be found in Appendix D.
– Answers for odd-numbered end-of-chapter
questions can be found in Appendix C.