PUNJAB GROUP OF COLLEGES

Solution
BIOLOGY 4th Quarter Book (Chapter 25, 26 and 27) INTER PART-II
MCQ’s Answer Reference
(i) D=Lichen Chapter # 25, Page # 243
Lichen is an association between the Algae certain fungi.
(ii) B=Secondary consumer Chapter # 25, Page # 240, Figure # 25.3
Topic: Food web and various trophic level
(iii) C= J.Grinell Chapter # 25, Page # 237
Topic: Biosphere
In 1917, Joseph.Grinnell an American ornithologist first proposed the
term Niche.
(iv) B=Conserve water Chapter # 26, Page # 260
Topic: Desert ecosystem
Logic: Desert ecosystem has low water availability and need to conserve
water.
(v) A=Temperate Deciduous forest Chapter # 26, Page # 255
Topic: Temperate deciduous forest, Animal life
Some very common animal are Macacamulatto
(Rhesus monkey)
(vi) B= Tropical grassland Chapter # 26, Page # 259
Topic: The Grass land ecosystem,
Heading: Productivity
In temperate grass land ecosystem the rate of primary productivity is
about 700—1500g/m2annually.
(vii) B=Afforestation Chapter # 27, Page # 271
Topic: Deforestation and Afforestation
Afforestation is establishment of new forest where no forest existed
previously.
(viii) B=Scurvy Chapter # 27, Page # 277
Topic: Classification and causes of diseases (scurvy is caused by
nutritional deficiency)
(ix) B=Antarctic Chapter # 27, Page # 273
Topic: Ozone layer depletion
The level of ozone in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has fallen
drastically and has leads to a hole.
(x) B=Chemical energy Chapter # 27, Exercise
 SECTION-I
Q.2 Write short answer to any TWELVE (12) question.
(i) What is predation?
Ans. Predation:
Chapter # 25, Page # 242
Topic: Predation and its significance
Key Points:
(i) An animal that preys on other animal is a predator.
(ii) A predator is a consumer.
(iii) The animal that is caught and eaten is the prey.
(iv) The overall process is called predation.
(ii) Compare macronutrients and micronutrients.
Ans. Compare Micro and Macro Nutrients:
Chapter # 21, Page # 244
Topic: Biogeochemical cycle
Key Points: Comparison means: similarities and Differences
Similarities: Chemical essential for life
Both move from living to nonliving portions of ecosystem.
Difference:
Micronutrients Macronutrients
Required in small amount Required in large amount
Zinc, Molybdenum, Iron, Iodine Water, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
(iii) What is a food web?
Ans. Food Web:
Chapter # 25, Page # 240
Topic: Food Web
Key Points:
(i) The combination of many food chains.
(ii) Food web is not simple.
(iii) Most animal eat more than one type of food.
(iv) Fox does not feed entirely on rabbit but also takes beetles, rat etc.
(iv) Differentiate between pioneer and climax community.
Ans. Chapter # 25, Page # 241
Topic: Succession
Pioneer Community Climax Community
Succession is initiated by a few hardy invaders called Succession end with diverse and relatively stable
pioneer community. community.
They can live in extreme condition. They cannot live in extreme condition.
Remain dormant in dry season. They are not dormant
Desiccated during dry season. Reduced growth in dry condition
Example: Lichen Example: Trees
(v) What is synecology?
Ans. Synecology:
Chapter # 25, Page # 238
Topic: Synecology
Key Points:
(i) The study of the relationship of different communities to their environment.
(ii) In synecology you have to see various aspects of community.
(iii) Origin: Structure and composition of community.
(iv) History of community and dynamics.
(v) We come across three integration: (i) individual (ii) population (iii) community
(vi) Differentiate between weather and climate.
Ans. Chapter # 26, Page # 250
Topic: Weather and Climate
Key Point:
Weather Climate
Short term fluctuation in temperature, humidity, cloud Overall patterns of weather that prevail from year to
cover, wind and precipitation over period of hours or year even century to century in a particular region.
days.
(vii) Briefly discuss the littoral zone of fresh water lake.
Ans. Littoral Zone of Fresh Water Lake:
Chapter # 26, Page # 252
Topic: Fresh Water Lakes
Heading: Littoral Zone
Key Points:
(i) In this zone water is shallow and plant find abundant light, anchorage and adequate nutrients from bottom
sediments.
(ii) Plant and animal communities are the most diverse, water lilies and entirely submerged vascular plant.
(iii) Phytoplankton and zooplankton.
(iv) Animal diversity include invertebrates and vertebrates.
(viii) Differentiate between phytoplankton and zooplankton.
Ans. Chapter # 26, Page # 252
Topic: Littoral Zone
Key Points:
Phytoplankton Zooplankton
Greek drifting plants. Greek drifting animals.
Include photosynthetic Protista, bacteria and Algae. Include protozoa and tiny crustaceans.
(ix) What is eutrophication?
Ans. Eutrophication:
Chapter # 27, Page # 273
Topic: Algal Bloom
Key Points:
(i) This is natural process of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients.
(ii) Large amount of living organic matter grow in water.
(iii) Human activities have speed up this natural process of eutrophication.
(x) What are temperate deciduous forests? Mention their location in Pakistan.
Ans. Temperate Deciduous Forest:
Chapter # 26, Page # 255
Topic: Temperate Deciduous Forest
Key Points:
(i) In Pakistan, Temperate moist condition are present in Neelam valley and Shogran.
(ii) These forest covered India, Southeast Asia, and eastern North America.
(iii) Slightly away from equator rain fall is not nearly constant and there are pronounced wet and dry season.
(iv) During dry season, trees cannot get enough water from the soil to compensate evaporation from their leaves
as a result shed their leaves.
(xi) What is the human impact on desert ecosystem?
Ans. Human Impact on Desert Ecosystem:
Chapter # 26, Page # 260
Topic: Desert Ecosystem
Key Points:
(i) Desertification, A dramatic example is occurring in the Sahel.
(ii) Twenty-five years of below average rain fall.
(iii) The loss of the productivity of the ecosystem is nearly irreversible.
(xii) Describe the animal life of grassland ecosystem.
Ans. Animal Life of Grass Land Ecosystem:
Chapter # 26, Page # 259
Topic: Grass Land Ecosystem
Heading: Animal Life
Key Points:
Complete paragraph
(xiii) Write down the characteristics of aquatic ecosystem.
Ans. Characteristics of Aquatic Ecosystem:
Chapter # 26, Page # 250
Topic: Hydrospheric Ecosystem
Key Points:
(i) Temperature
(ii) Absorption of energy
(iii) Nutrients
(iv) Abundant water with appropriate temperature
(xiv) Differentiate between Thar and Thal.
Ans. Chapter # 26, Page # 259 & 260
Topic: Desert Ecosystem
Key Points:
Thar Thal
In Sindh, the desert ecosystem is called Thar. In Pakistan you can find the desert ecosystem in
western Punjab, Mianwali and Bakhar.
(xv) Define soil. What role it play as a resource?
Ans. Soil and its Role:
Chapter # 27, Page # 263
Topic: Renewable Resources
Key Points:
Soil: Soil can be defined as the upper layer of earth crust.
Role of Soil:
(i) Supporting life on land.
(ii) Soil provide water, organic and inorganic nutrients to the plants.
(iii) Only 30% of earth is land.
(xvi) Enlist some reasons for population explosion in the world.
Ans. Reason for Population Explosion in the World:
Chapter # 27, Page # 270
Topic: Population Pressure Table 27.1
Key Points:
(i) Diseases prevention medicine, public, personal and food hygiene.
(ii) Improved nutrition by efficient agriculture.
(iii) Housing and living standards improved.
(iv) Child care, maternity, parent-craft and welfare services.
(xvii) What is air pollution? Enlist the air pollutants.
Ans. Air Pollution and Air Pollutant:
Chapter # 27, Page # 272
Topic: Air Pollution
Key Points:
(i) The befouling of the air by anything that may be harmful to living organism is air pollution.
Air Pollutants:
Sulphur dioxide, carbon mono oxide, Oxide of nitrogen, Lead compounds and Chloroflurocarbon.
(xviii) What are pesticides? How are they harmful for us?
Ans. Pesticides:
Chapter # 27, Page # 276
Topic: Insecticide, Herbicides and Fertilizer
Key Points:
(i) Agrochemical are used in agriculture. They are commonly called as pesticides.
(ii) A pesticides is a chemical, which destroy agricultural pest.
(iii) Examples: Insecticides, Fungicides & Herbicides.
SECTION-II
Q.3 (a) Explain energy flow in an ecosystem.
Ans. Energy Flow:
Chapter # 25, Page # 246 & 247
Topic: The flow of energy in food chain of an ecosystem.
Key Points:
(i) Energy flow in ecosystem.
(ii) Gross primary production.
(iii) Net primary production.
(iv) Biomass.
(v) Heat energy lost to outer space. (Diagram)
(vi) Efficient food chain
(vii) Energy pyramid.
Q.3 (b) Draw and explain nitrogen cycle.
Ans. Nitrogen Cycle:
Chapter # 25, Page # 244
Topic: Biogeochemical Cycle
Key Points:
(i) Reservoir of nitrogen
(ii) Nitrogen cycle
(iii) Three principle step of cycle:
Ammonification, Nitrification and Assimilation
(iv) Nitrogen cycle.
Q.4 (a) Write a note on symbiotic relationships with examples.
Ans. Symbiosis:
Chapter # 25, Page # 243 & 244
Key Points:
Definition: It is an association between two organisms belonging to two different species.
Types:
(i) Mutualism
Root nodules, Mycorrhizae, Lichen
(ii) Commensalism
(iii) Grazing
Q.4 (b) Write a note on acid rain.
Ans. Acid Rain:
Chapter # 27, Page # 274 & 275
Key Points:
(i) Acid rain
(ii) Causes of acid rain
(iii) Effect of acid rain
Q.5 (a) Give uses and misuses of agrochemicals.
Ans. Use and Misuse of Agrochemical:
Chapter # 27, Page # 276
Topic: Insecticides, Herbicides and Fertilizer
Key Points:
Pesticides
Monoculture
Pest
Pesticides in food
Fertilizer
Q.5 (b) Write a note on Ozone layer depletion.
Ans. Ozone Layer:
Chapter # 27, Page # 272 & 273
Key Points:
Ozone layer
Ozone layer depletion
Property of ozone layer
Causes of ozone layer depletion
Source of CFC’s
A hole in earth‘s protective shield over Antarctic region
Effect of ozone layer depletion