Let’s go camping!

Table of contents

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3

Concept map ............................................................................................................ 4

1. Let’s listen ............................................................................................................ 5

How to camp in the wilderness? ............................................................................ 6
Verb to have........................................................................................................... 9

2. Let’s write ........................................................................................................... 13

How to set up a campsite ..................................................................................... 14
Verb to do ............................................................................................................ 19

3. Let’s read ............................................................................................................ 23

How to build a campfire the right way .................................................................. 24
Vocabulary about feelings and emotions ............................................................. 30

4. Let’s talk .............................................................................................................. 33

Campfire cooking equipment ............................................................................... 34
Talking about personal experiences .................................................................... 40

5. Group management ........................................................................................... 46

Recipes for campfire cooking ............................................................................... 47
Anecdotes and stories.......................................................................................... 50

References .............................................................................................................. 54
 Introduction

Hello, dear apprentices. Camping in natural parks or in the jungle is one of the most
amazing adventures you can have. You can enjoy the silence of the nature, the
peace of rivers mountains and see spectacular animals and plants. If you stay at
home, you will never be able to see such wonders of creation. Sometimes we feel
nervous or afraid to camp outside, maybe because we have never done that before
or because we don’t really like to be in the jungle or the forest a lot. But, if you want
to become a good tourist guide you need to know all the basics to camp and give
instructions to others of how to go camping. This activity doesn’t have to be
necessarily extreme, but once you learn how to do it right, you will try to do it as
much as you can.
On this learning material you are going to learn how to choose a good spot to place
your camping tents, also, how to set up the tents in the ground, how to choose the
right materials for light up the fire, essential for cooking in the outdoors and you are
going to learn how to tell stories for your tourists. So be prepared to spend the night
in the jungle, next to a mountain, and enjoy all the adventures that camping can offer
to you and your clients.

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 Concept map

On the concept map that is shared below, the thematic interaction is well evidenced
and the content is present in this training material.

4
 1. Let’s listen

Fuente: SENA

Pedro: Hello everybody! Welcome to the Sierra de la Macarena. We are going to

spend the night in the outdoors. We’re going to camp near here, listen to stories
around the fire and take a look at the stars in the night sky.

Ana: It’s almost 5 pm, a good time to set the camping tents before the sunset. We
are going to rest here a little bit, then we start to install the camping tents. If you
need some help, ask us, please.

Pedro: We are going to park the car in this place before we enter the park. It’s not
allowed to pass of any vehicle. This environment is fragile and the presence of
pollution could badly harm the pure water of this place.

Ana: Remember we will stay in the park for two days and one night. If your bags are
too heavy, you can leave some things in the car. This camping lot is under
surveillance from the park guards.

Pedro: But, please, if you have food in your bags, take it with you for tomorrow lunch
and dinner. When the sun rises again in the morning, we will keep on moving until
the pools of Caño Cristales. After these warnings, feel free to rest a while. Thank you
very much for your attention.

Ana: The first thing we are going to do in this learning material is to give some tips of
how to pick the right place to camp.

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How to camp in the wilderness?

Find a good area to set up camp

Pick out a nearby State or National park and look it up online. Without proper
planning, you might end up having a terrible time if members of your party want
electricity and plumbing.

Look out for apparent hazards

When you get to a potential camping location, you should give a quick glance around
to see if you spot anything dangerous. Chances are you will be camping in a natural
woodland area. If this is true, it's a good idea to read up on your location a bit
beforehand to see what kind of hazards other people have reported.

• Broken trees above can be lethal if they fall on your tent. It's best to stay clear of
anything that looks unstable.

• Bee hives are hard to spot in a wild area. All the same, the sight of one is a good
sign you should stay away.

• The common sight of animal droppings is an indication that this is an area that
gets a lot of animal traffic. Although many animals will steer clear of you, some
predators could make a target of campsites.

Fuente: SENA

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Avoid setting up in low areas if there's a chance of rain

It's not recommended that you camp on a day where there's a likelihood of rain in the
first place, but just in case, it's a good idea not to set your campsite in a depression
in the ground. If it rains, the rain will trickle down and risk flooding your campsite.

Fuente: SENA

Find a flat space

Tents need a flat space to be set up properly. This is the ground you'll be sleeping
on, so it's necessary you find the flattest possible piece of ground within reason.
Keep the size of your tent in mind, and accommodate for a space outside the tent
gate. Having a hill drop right outside the door is a recipe for injury.

Fuente: SENA

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Clear the chosen area of debris

Once you've found a relatively flat area that's free of apparent hazards, you should
prep the campsite by clearing out debris that could hurt the tent or make the surface
uneven. Although broken glass can be legitimately dangerous to camp on, you won't
be able to sleep if there are stones on the ground where you're trying to rest.

Fuente: SENA

Make sure the area is reasonably clear of wildlife

If you're camping out in a relatively wild area, you should be prepared for the
possibility of animals. Although most animals will stay clear from humans, bears are
a major danger and can be lethal. Seeing a lot of animal droppings can be a sign
that you're close to an animal's hunting ground. Although you'll never be able to
know for sure, you can usually look up the camping region beforehand to see if other
people have reported bear sightings.

If there is any risk, you should keep things like food out of your tent. That way, a bear
won't need to rummage into your tent if he picks up the food's scent.

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 Fuente: SENA

Fuente: SENA

Verb to have

Have is one of the most important English verbs. It is used as a main verb and as an
auxiliary verb. This lesson will focus on have when used as the main verb in a
sentence or question.

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Like all verbs, except be and modal verbs, have has two conjugations in the simple
present.

Singular Plural
1st person I have We have
2nd person You have You have
3rd person He, she, it has They have

Fuente: SENA

Note: That in the third person singular conjugation, -ve is replaced by -s.

When have is followed by an

Have followed by a noun means to infinitive, it indicates that something
possess or own. is required.

Examples: Examples:

• Tom has a new car. • I have to study.

• The girls have a good idea. • We have to leave.

• I have a fear of flying. • He has to take a shower.

Fuente: SENA

Like all verbs, except be, have has only one simple past conjugation for all persons:
Had.

Singular Plural
1st person I had We had
2nd person You had You had
3rd person He, she, it had They had

Fuente: SENA

Examples:

• I had a horrible dream last night.

• Susan had twins.

• The story had no intrigue.

Have can be used to make a request or give a command.

Examples:

• Please sir, have a seat.

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• Alex, have* patience.

• Hey guys, have a look at this.

*Normally when the subject is the third person singular, it would take the conjugation
has. But, because this is an imperative, the verb have remains in the base form.

Have is used to wish another person good fortune. Again, this is the imperative.

Examples:

• Have a happy New Year.

• Have a good trip.

• Have a nice day.

The verb have is sometimes used to form questions, but this is very rare. American
English speakers prefer to use the auxiliary verb do to form questions. For example:

Less common More common

Have you a pen? Do you have a pen?

Has he a car? Does he have a car?

Have they time? Do they have time?

Fuente: SENA

Similarly, have can be used to form negative statements, but this is also very rare.

American English speakers prefer to use the auxiliary verb do to form negative
statements. Here are examples:

Less common More common

I haven’t any money. I don’t have any money.

He hasn’t a clue. He doesn’t have a clue.

They haven’t time. They don’t have time.

Fuente: SENA

Pedro: Now that you have learned the basics, it's time to put it into practice!

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 Fuente: SENA

Choose the correct present tense form of the verb to have for each sentence:

1. My sisters all _________ boyfriends.

A. have.

B. has.

2. The teacher ________ a yellow shirt.

A. have.

B. has.

3. My brother ________ a great job.

A. has.

B. have.

4. Does he ________ a dog?

A. has.

B. have.

5. They don't ________ a lot of money.

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 A. have.

B. has.

6. My cousin and his wife ________ three children.

A. has.

B. have.

7. Does your friend ________ a sister?

A. has.

B. have.

8. Yes, my friend ________ a sister.

A. have.

B. has.

9. My neighbor ________ a mailbox.

A. doesn't have.

B. don't have.

10. They ________ time to play with us.

A. doesn't have.

B. don't have.

2. Let’s write

Fuente: SENA

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Pedro: The place we have chosen to set up the camping tents is now free of debris,
is clean, far from the water of the river and free on dangerous animals. I have heard
that for some of you it’s the first time setting up a tent, so we are going to explain
step by step how to set up a tent.
Ana: Please, pay close attention to the instructions we are about to give to you. If
you have any question, please, raise your hand and I will go to help you with
whatever you need.
Pedro: I can see you have different kinds of tents. Some of you have domes, other
brought hammocks, other brought a really big tent. We still have time to set up all the
tents.
Ana: The best time to set up the tents is before sunset. We will need enough
daylight to see all the equipment parts, and to select a good place to stay. We have
more or less an hour to set up the whole camping site. So, let’s begin!
Pedro: Now that we have chosen the right place to set a campsite, it’s time to learn
some instructions to set up a tent.
How to set up a campsite

Unpack your tent supplies

Once you've found a good area to set up camp, it's time to unpack your things. It's a
good idea to pack all of the parts out at once. Assembling your tent will be fastest if you
don't have to unpack each item one at a time. Keep all parts nestled in one place so you
can keep account of everything. Because the list of supplies depends on the specific
type of tent you're using, here are a few different types of tents you can consider:

• A-Frame tents are the most typical and common type of tent for personal use. They're
the easiest to erect and usually come with extras like a rain-fly and weather tarp.

• Tunnel tents are different from typical “A-Frame” tents because they are structured by
two long poles that both run the width of the tent. This creates a wider interior with
more headspace. However, they're not nearly as stable when it comes to wind.

• Dome tents are generally the largest, and usually reserved for larger groups in
camping. Although they're quite a bit bigger, they're generally very easy to pitch. (Wiki
how, s.f.)

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 Fuente: SENA

Lay down a ground cloth

No matter how much you clear the area, there may still be twigs and other debris that
could puncture your tent or make the surface otherwise uncomfortable. A ground cloth
should be big enough to encompass the space of at least most of your tent. The added
cushion of a ground cloth will lead to a more comfortable rest. (Wiki how, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

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Insert your tent poles through the frame

Once you've gotten all your tent parts out, slide the support poles through the body of
the tent. Lie the tent frame out. That way, you can make sure you're sliding the poles
through the right slots. This is arguably the most time-consuming part of tent
assemblage, but it's very straightforward.

In the case of a “tunnel tent”, make sure the poles are parallel from one another. (Wiki
how, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

Raise the tent

If the support poles have joints, make them rigid. The poles are going to have a pre-set
frame to them for the main body of the tent. Help the tent up by lifting parts of it. The
poles should hold the frame in place. If not, secure loose parts of the poles or extend
them as needed. (Wiki how, s.f.)

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 Fuente: SENA

Hammer in your tent pegs

Using a mallet or a nearby rock, take the spikes that come with your tent and hammer
them into the ground. This will stabilize the tent and make sure it doesn't move around. If
you don't have tent pegs for whatever reason, you can improve by using sturdy sticks
and pushing them into the soil. (Wiki how, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

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Set up the rain-fly

It's important to keep in mind that tents on their own are usually not waterproof. This is
where the rain-fly comes in. A rain-fly is an additional piece you set overtop the tent.
There should be something along the line of latches on the roof of your tent to secure
the rain-fly in place. Even if you're pretty sure there will be no rain, it doesn't hurt to
install it nonetheless. It will ensure all of your tent equipment stays in one place, and
prepare you for unforeseen rain showers. (Wiki how, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

Move your things into the tent

Once the tent is set up, you can equip the interior. Because there isn't usually much
space in a tent, you should decide which things are alright to store outside, and which
things should be kept inside. Sleeping bags are an obvious must in your tent. Crates and
hard-cased storage can be left outside.

If there's a risk of bears in the area you're camping, it is strongly recommended you keep
food out of the tent. If a bear comes, you don't want him rummaging into your tent
because he picked up the scent of granola. (Wiki how, s.f.)

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 Fuente: SENA
Verb to do

The verb to do is used in a number of different ways in English. Here are the main
uses of the verb to do for reference, self-study and in-class use. To do can be used
as an auxiliary verb, a verb to speak about action in general, as well as combining
with many nouns to express taking care of various tasks.
Examples:
To do-main verb
To do is used as a principal verb in many set phrases used with the various tasks we
do around the house and at work.
To do is generally used to express tasks we do, rather than things we make. Of
course, there are some exceptions to the rules. Here are some of the main set
phrases about tasks we do:

• Do good.

• Do the dishes.

• Do sport.

• Do exercise.

• Do business.

• Do homework.

• Do yard work.
Examples:

• I'll do the dishes if you make dinner.

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• Sheila tries to do sport at least three times a week.

• He's done that exercise a number of times.

Note: To do exercise is used with a number of different types of exercise. Generally,
we use play with competitive sports, go with activities such as walking, riding, and
hiking. Do is used with exercises such as yoga, karate, etc.
Examples:

• Jennifer did yoga for two hours this morning.

• I try to do some exercises like sit-ups and push-ups every morning.

• James does pilates at his local gym.

To do-auxiliary verb
To do is also used as an auxiliary verb in the simple tenses. Remember that the
auxiliary verb takes the conjugation in English, so the verb to do will change
depending on the tense.

Remember that to do is used as an auxiliary verb only in the question and negative
form. Here is a quick review of the tenses that use to do as an auxiliary verb:

Present simple

Examples:

• She doesn't like tofu.

• Do you enjoy rock 'n roll?

Past simple

Examples:

• Mary didn't visit her aunt last week.

• Did they talk about the economy?

To do-general use verb

To do is used as the main verb when asking general questions about what happens,
is happening, is going to happen, etc.

Examples:

• What are you doing?

• What will you do?

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• What have they done?

• What do you do on Saturdays?

Pedro: Now that you have learned the basics, it's time to put it into practice!

Fuente: SENA

1. My mother likes chocolate, but she ____ like biscuits.

A. do.

B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

2. What _____ the children wear at your school?

A. do.

B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

3. Lynn's father watches badminton on TV, but he______ watch judo.

A. do.

B. don’t.

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 C. does.

D. doesn’t.

4. Where _____ the Masons buy their fruit?

A. do.

B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

5. ____ the cat like to sleep on the sofa?

A. Do.

B. Don’t.

C. Does.

D. Doesn’t.

6. Dogs love bones, but they _____ love cheese.

A. do.

B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

7. Where _____ Sam and Ben hide their CDs?

A. do.

B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

8. We eat pizza, but we ____ eat hamburgers.

A. do.

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 B. don’t.

C. does.

D. doesn’t.

9. ___ Mrs Miller read magazines?

A. Do.

B. Don’t.

C. Does.

D. Doesn’t.

10. ___ the boys play cricket outside?

A. Do.

B. Don’t.

C. Does.

D. Doesn’t.

3. Let’s read

Fuente: SENA

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Ana: Well, now that the camping is all set up, it’s time to make the fire. Did you bring
the materials for making a big bonfire?
Pedro: We are going to teach you how to make a campfire the right way. We have
different techniques to put the tinder, the logs and the ignition materials in order to
make a good fire that last long and doesn’t die so soon.
Ana: Fortunately, it didn’t rain today. Otherwise, all the logs and branches would be
totally wet and it would be impossible to make the fire.
Pedro: I will need everybody’s help. Some of you must bring the rocks. Other,
please bring dry branches of near trees. Other, please, look for tinder, like straw or
dead leaves. And be prepared to start the biggest campfire you have ever seen!
How to build a campfire the right way

Tools and gear you might need

Firestarters

A lighter or matches would be handy. Obviously. In fact, experts advise that you carry
both. Mechanical lighters are easier to use but if they break the matches are an essential
backup. Ferro rods and sparkers are another option.

If you don’t have either a lighter or matches-and, let’s face it, it’s good to be prepared for
the worst-then you’ll have to do things the old-fashioned way. Sparks can be generated
by rubbing flint and steel together, making primitive wooden drills to bore into dry wood
or by making use of reflective items like glasses, drinks cans and even ice to focus the
heat of the sun.

Whatever fire starters you hope to use keep them in a waterproof container to protect
them from the inevitable camping downpour! (Rolling fox, 2017)

Fuente: SENA

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Tinder

It’s a material that is easily ignited. There’s a good chance is to use cotton balls to
perform that all important role of igniting from a spark. According to experienced
campers, it could be good to use cotton balls soaked in vaseline, which, handily, is both
flammable and waterproof.

If you happen to find yourself in the wild without a manmade source of tinder don’t
despair. There are people who suggest that materials like dry grass, cattail fluff, birch
tree bark and dandelion clock can be gathered on site to do much the same job. (Rolling
fox, 2017)

Fuente: Rolling fox (2017)

Wood

Broadly speaking, two types of wood are required to make a fire: Kindling and firewood.

Kindling, defined by Reserve America as “twigs or small branches between 1/8 inch and
1/2 inch in diameter” should be placed around tinder to help the fire grow and spread.

Firewood, proper thick branches, can then be placed atop the healthily burning kindling
to create an enduring blaze.

When collecting wood, it’s vital that you seek out the driest stuff you can find. Wes Siler,
of Gizmodo, suggests that you bring along a saw, axe or, at the very least, a camping
knife, to help you access the dry wood at the centre of dead trees and branches. A
webpage named Reserve America ask that you avoid cutting live branches from trees for
firewood as it damages forests.

Cutting tools can also be used to split wood down to the required size for tinder and to
expose the dried inside of branches to help them burn quicker. These tools and tricks
are likely to prove particularly handy in wet or rainy environments. (Rolling fox, 2017)

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 Fuente: SENA

Before starting a fireplace, stay safe

First things first, let’s make sure it’s safe to start a fire. Reserve America suggest you
make sure “there's at least 8 to 10 feet of bare dirt surrounding the fire ring” and that no
tree branches overhang your fire in case flames leap and set them ablaze. For further
insurance (since you don’t want to burn down a forest or anything), it’s recommended
that you have a shovel, loose dirt and water on standby as fire extinguishers.

It goes without saying that you should not throw or spray flammable materials like
gasoline on the fire and that, yes, be wary, fires are hot. (Rolling fox, 2017)

Fuente: Rolling fox (2017)

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How to start fire?

When you’re ready to start the fire you’ll need two items to hand: A firestarter and tinder.

Refer back to the “Tools and gear” section for a breakdown of the various firestarters
and tinder available.

Whatever your choice of tinder and firestarter, you’ll need the latter to set the former
ablaze. Once burning the tinder should be slid beneath a pre-prepared kindling tipi.
You’ll want to blow gently at the base of the structure to increase the supply of oxygen
as this will, according to the web page Rei, increase the intensity of the flame and further
ignite the wood.

Fires are delicate in their early stages. Monitor the situation carefully as the wood begins
to burn, adding or removing small and large pieces of wood as necessary to find the
correct balance between fuel and the supply of oxygen.

When you’re prepared. You have the tools, tinder and wood to make a fire. The next
question is: what type of fire will you build? The most common campfire set ups are
listed below. Weigh up the pros and cons of each one to work out which kind of set up
will work best for you. (Rolling fox, 2017)

Types of campfire set up

Tipi-teepee

Those looking to become adept at building fires would be well advised to master the art
of tipis.

Tipis are described by Wes Siler as “the simplest and most effective way to start any
kind of fire” and are similar in structure to teepee tents.

Straight pieces of wood, arranged in a circle, are tilted towards a central point to create a
rudimentary cone. Tinder is piled at the bottom of the circle, where the wide gaps
between pieces of wood provide the fledgling fire with an abundant supply of oxygen,
and the narrowing towards the top concentrates the flames to glorious effect. (Rolling
fox, 2017)

Fuente: SENA

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 Pros of the tipi: Cons of the tipi:

• Simple to build and can be • The tipi structure is prone to collapse,

grown by placing thicker and especially in windy conditions.
thicker pieces of wood atop
the basic structure. • Beginners may take a while to learn
when to add fresh wood without
• Efficient: Provides a great suffocating the fire.
deal of heat and light.

Fuente: SENA

Lean to

A lean to fire provides a solution to one of the problems that plagues tipis: vulnerability to
poor weather. Using a thick log as a backbone and leaning pieces of wood against it
creates a structure that shields the base from the worst of the elements.

Kindling, in the form of a small tipi structure should be placed beneath the lean to,
stuffed with tinder and lit. When the sheltered fire is strong enough it will set ablaze the
leaning pieces of wood and create a healthy, all-weather fire. (Rolling fox, 2017)

Fuente: SENA

Pros of the lean to: Cons of the lean to:

• Good chance of getting a fire Can take a while to build and

going in wind and/or rain. doesn’t burn as intensely as other
fires.
• Stable structure.

Fuente: SENA

Log cabin

The name log cabin just oozes a ski holiday sense of warmth and cosiness. The fire is
once again based on a small kindling tipi, this time with a log placed on either side of it.

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Another two logs are placed atop these, but at right angles to the logs on the base,
forming the distinctive square structure of the log cabin fire.

Further logs can be added to make the fire bigger, with the angles of the logs continuing
to alternate on each layer. The logs on the base should be the thickest, with “smaller and
shorter pieces of firewood” (Reserve America) added as you go up the way. (Rolling fox,
2017)

Fuente: SENA

Pros of the log cabin: Cons of the log cabin:

Log cabins burn stably and should Can become unstable if too many
not require much maintenance, circular logs are used as these can
freeing you up to do chores or roll off the fire.
simply enjoy the warmth.

Fuente: SENA

Platform

Platform fires are similar in structure to log cabins, however the kindling tipi is placed
atop the fire rather than below it. As the tipi burns the flames and heat work their way
down and create a bed of hot coals on the bottom that can be used for cooking. (Rolling
fox, 2017)

Fuente: SENA

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 Pros of the platform fire: Cons of the platform fire:

Ideal for cooking and, once fully Can be tough to get going and the
ablaze, can burn for a long time. exposed kindling could fall victim to
heavy winds or rain.

Fuente: SENA

The star

The star is the last and, arguably, the most stylish fire set up on the list. A tipi kindling
structure is surrounded by logs pointing out the way like a child’s drawing of a star. For
shelter and greater endurance the star can be placed in a circular indent in the ground.
(Rolling fox, 2017)

Fuente: SENA

Pros of the star:

Cons of the star:
• Requires little maintenance-will
This is not a roaring fire. Minimalist
often burn all night unattended.
best describes the star.
• Uses a minimum of wood.

Fuente: SENA

Vocabulary about feelings and emotions

Whenever you are telling an anecdote or a story, it is very important to use words
that convey emotions and feelings so people can relate to what you are describing.

Below you will find a set of words you might want to start using. If there are some
other words you would like to know that are not on this list, look them up in a reliable
source on the internet.

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• Every morning, Sam is so enthusiastic to begin his day that he jumps out of bed
and begins to sing.
• His mother became worried when she didn't hear from him for two days.
• David is quite shy so he doesn't like talking to people he doesn't know.
• A year after being fired from his job, Alan is still very bitter. He has a lot of
resentment towards his former boss.
• Even though I am accustomed to traveling for business, I still get homesick if I
am away from my home for more than a week.
• Katie feels threatened every time her boyfriend talks to another girl. She thinks
that every girl wants to steal him.
• It's difficult to not become discouraged while looking for a job, especially when
you hand out your resume to employers and no one calls you.

• In the U.S., Thanksgiving is a holiday in which people give thanks for the
blessings they have. Before the Thanksgiving meal, family members will say what
they are thankful for.
• I am absolutely furious!! I cannot believe that my dog chewed my favorite shoes.
Now they're ruined!
• Cats are so curious that they often get into trouble. Once, my cat fell into the
bath tub because she wanted to know what was inside!
• When Dave found out that the plumber charged him double the normal amount to
fix his toilet, he felt cheated.
• After his grandmother passed away, Ken was so grief-stricken he couldn't get
out of bed.
• When Emily has a lot of work to do and feels stressed, she becomes
very tense and cannot relax.
• Ugh! I don't have anything to do. I'm so bored!!!
• After Kylie had her heart broken by her ex-boyfriend, she felt so down and blue. I
tried to cheer her up, but she just wants to be sad for a while.

• Our friend Lily makes us feel left out when she has a party but doesn't invite us.
• Even in hard times when I don't have a lot of money, I stay hopeful and believe
that next month will be better.
• My aunts enjoy inviting me to their romance book club. I always
feel trapped because I don't want to hurt their feelings by saying no, but I also
don't want to go and listen to sixty-year old women talk about romance.
• As a teenager, Alexandra liked to be rebellious and defy her parents. She used
to sneak out of the house after her parents fell asleep to go to parties.

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• When I see that puzzled look on your face, I know that you didn't understand my
question.
• Mr. and Mrs. Porter are very cautious about answering their door. If they are not
expecting a visitor, they won't open the door.
• Wow! I'm really impressed that Ashley can speak 7 languages, whereas I only
speak one!

Pedro: Now that you have learned the basics, it's time to put it into practice!

Fuente: SENA

Choose the right word to complete the sentence.

1. My brother was very ________________ when a thief broke into our house last
night.

A. delighted.

B. stubborn.

C. scared.

D. happy.

2. Charles has not seen his family for five years and so he feels very _____.

A. clumsy.

B. anxious.

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 C. homesick.

D. curious.

3. Lisa is very ____. She is always breaking something

A. jealous.

B. clumsy.

C. mean.

D. messy.

4. We were all _____ when they announced that the President had died.

A. guilty.

B. shocked.

C. bitter.

D. stressed out.

5. I was ___ that you didn't come to my party last weekend.

A. eager.

B. restless.

C. bored.

D. disappointed.

4. Let’s talk

Fuente: SENA

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Pedro: Look at that fire! It will surely last all the night. Congratulations to all the
team, you did a great job! We can roast a cow with this fire!

Ana: Now it’s time to show you our cooking skills. Tonight we are going to prepare a
special dish for all of you. When you made the reservation, I wrote down all the
possible allergies you had with meals, so don’t panic because we are going to
prepare something delicious and healthy.

Pedro: We have the required equipment to make delicious recipes, we also have the
fire. So, now, let’s take out all the ingredients and equipment to start cooking.

Ana: I will need some help to move the embers and I need someone who brings
water from the river. Here is the pot. Maybe we will need some more firewood. Are
you ready to eat the best recipe of your lives?

Campfire cooking equipment

The type of campfire cooking equipment you need depends a lot on what kind of
camping you are doing and what kind of things you want to cook. For example, if you are
just camping at a cabin that you are driving to, you can bring all sorts of equipment, from
regular grilling equipment to fancy campfire cooking tools. On the other hand, if you are
doing some real, serious, "man versus wild" type camping, just you, a backpack and the
outdoors, then the supplies you can bring with you are much more limited.

Below, I will discuss some of the types of campfire cooking equipment you may find
useful. It includes equipment for cooking on a campfire as well as things you can use to
cook alone without a campfire. (Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: Survival mastery (s.f.)

Campfire tripod or spit

A campfire tripod (at right) or spit (at the top of the page above) is an outstanding way to
cook over a campfire or fire pit. This classic example of campfire cooking equipment
allow you to hang all sorts of campfire cooking tools over the fire. You can hang pots
with loop handles to cook stews or soups, you can hang kettles, you can hang trussed
whole poultry or leg of lamb to roast on a string, you can even hang a grill grate to grill

34
just about anything. The nice things about the tripods is that most of them disassemble
easily and fold up into a relatively small and light package that you could carry with you
pretty easily. (Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: Survival mastery (s.f.)

Campfire rotisserie

A portable rotisserie is a great way to roast big cuts of meat (whole poultry, leg of lamb,
pork and beef roasts, etc.) over an open fire. The one pictured here, folds up nicely into
a long sack that can easily be carried around on your back. It has a battery-powered
rotisserie motor so you don't have to hand-turn the meat! (Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: Survival mastery (s.f.)

Cast iron and long-handled skillets and roasters

There are a number of different types of pots and pans that are suitable for cooking on a
campfire. For skillets, find ones with long handles that you can hold over the fire from a

35
distance, so your food is the only thing that gets cooked! Cast iron pots, dutch ovens and
such are great because they withstand high heat well and distribute and hold the heat
efficiently. Cast iron pots with feet and loop handles are great for either sitting right on
top of hot embers or suspending from a tripod over the fire. However, cast iron is heavy
and not easy to carry long distances. In that case, lighter weight metal pots and pans
may be preferable, although they won't last you as long. (Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

Long-handled skewers

Skewer cooking is about as easy as campfire cooking can get. Just start a fire, stick
some food on the long skewer and hold it over the fire. These types of skewer forks are
telescoping so they fold up into a small size that you can easily pack with you. This is
perfect for smaller cuts of meat like hot dogs, sausages, small game birds and the like.
(Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: Survival mastery (s.f.)

36
Portable grills or burners

There are a number of different types of portable grills and burners that can be taken
camping. They vary from larger gas or charcoal grills, that are only portable in the sense
that they can easily fit in your car, to truly portable items that either fold up or are just
very small to begin with. There are both charcoal and gas varieties, but remember that in
addition to the grill itself, you'll have to bring the fuel (charcoal or a tank of propane).
Small, portable propane tanks are available. (Survival mastery, s.f.)

Fuente: Survival mastery (s.f.)

The object is to have all the wood turn into coals at the same time. This gives an even
fire with no flames reaching up to burn your food or blacken your cookware. It also yields
the longest cooking time from the coals. (Scouts be prepared, s.f.)

Prepare the site

• Select a fire site at least 8' from bushes or any combustibles. Be sure no tree
branches overhang the site.

• Make a u-shaped perimeter using large rocks or green logs. If using logs, they'll need
to be wet down from time to time. If breezy, have back of firepit face the wind.

• Put a large flat rock at the rear of the firepit to act as a chimney. The "chimney rock"
will help direct the smoke up and away. (Scouts be prepared, s.f.)

37
 Fuente: SENA

Lay the kindling

• Fill the fire area with crumpled paper or tinder.

• Lay kindling over paper in layers, alternating direction with each layer. Use thin splits
of wood or small dead branches. Do not put kindling down teepee style. The whole
fire area should be covered with the kindling stack.

• Set a bucket of water near the fire area. Light the paper to start your fire. (Scouts be
prepared, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

Build the fire, grade the coals

• When kindling is ablaze, add firewood. The wood should be all the same size, as
much as possible. Use hardwood or hardwood branches if available. Distribute wood
evenly over fire bed.

• As soon as the last flames die down leaving mostly white coals, use a stick to push
the coals into a higher level at the back end and lower level at the front. This will give

38
 you the equivalent of 'Hi', 'Med' and 'Lo' cook settings. Or, level the coals to your
preference. (Scouts be prepared, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA
Cooking time

To cook, set the grill on rocks or wetted green logs. Put food directly on grill or in
cookware and prepare your meal. If cooking directly on the grill, a small spray bottle or
squirt gun is handy for shooting down any rogue flames, usually caused by food
drippings.

As the fire diminishes, bank the coals to get the most heat from them.

After cooking, add wood for your evening campfire. Before retiring, extinguish thoroughly
and soak with water. Turn rocks in on fire bed. It will be easy to reassemble the next day
if required. (Scouts be prepared, s.f.)

Fuente: SENA

39
Talking about personal experiences

Being able to talk about personal experiences and describe both positive and
negative feelings is an essential speaking, or conversational skill.

Here is a mix of phrasal verbs, expressions and language contexts you could use, as
well as their meanings:

To feel awkward about doing something: Not comfortable, relaxed or confident.

Example:

Wearing shorts makes me feel awkward.

Fuente: SENA

To feel anxious about a situation: To worry, have negative thoughts and feelings
about something.

Example:

We all feel anxious the day before an exam, don't we?

40
 Fuente: SENA

To embrace a challenge: To be willing or ready to accept or participate in a

competitive situation.

Example:

Anna seems prepared to embrace the challenge of starting a new job.

Fuente: SENA

41
To tackle an issue/ problem: To resolve or deal with a difficult situation, and find a
solution.

Example:

I think it's time the HR department tackled her salary issue.

Fuente: SENA

To face a difficult situation: To accept the existence or presence of a negative

situation.

Example:

We all have to face the fact that the company is no longer being successful.

Fuente: SENA

42
To be at ease: To feel relaxed and comfortable with someone or something.

Example:

I have only known Mary for a few weeks, but I have felt at ease with her from the
very first day.

Fuente: SENA

To overcome an obstacle: To identify and tackle a difficult situation in life.

Example:

It was hard for John to overcome his depression.

Fuente: SENA

43
To deal with a problematic person/situation: To take action to do something.

Example:

Don't you find it hard to deal with arrogant people?

Fuente: SENA

To stress out: To feel extreme stress and mental anxiety, usually from working or
studying too much.

Example:

Andrew works 6 days a week. No wonder he's always so stressed out!

Fuente: SENA

44
To freak out: To be in an intense emotional state, such as fear, anger or excitement.

Example:

I freak out whenever I'm abroad and come across my favorite fashion stores!

Fuente: SENA

Pedro: Now that you have learned the basics, it's time to put it into practice!

Fuente: SENA

Use the words in the list to fill in the blanks in the sentences below. Use each word
only once.

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 boring / blissful / calm / shocked / devastated

1. The day that my first son was born I was so _________ that I cried tears of joy.

2. When you enter a religious temple, you are often overwhelmed by a feeling of
________.

3. The family was shocked at the sad news of the accident and the death of the
driver. For many months after, they were totally _________.

4. A lecture from a visiting professor attracted many more people than the
University had predicted. The event organizers were _________ at the amount of
people who came.

5. In general, History textbooks are extremely _________ to read. That is the

reason none of the students do their reading assignments.

5. Group management

Fuente: SENA

Ana: Did you like our dinner? ... We are very happy to know you liked it. Cooking in
the outdoors is also an art. Maybe it’s easier to bring canned food or eat little, but as
we are far from any town, it’s better to eat healthy and warm food.

46
Pedro: And now, before we go to sleep, it’s time to listen to some stories or
anecdotes! You can choose the topic. We want to hear about your travels in another
countries.

Ana: In the tour guiding life we have a lot of anecdotes to tell, there are some
tourists who don’t like to travel but did it because they wanted to give their families a
good memory.

Pedro: Fortunately, we don’t have bad experiences on tourism. We are very careful
with our profession, and we love doing it. So, who will begin?

Fuente: Eartheasy (s.f.)

Recipes for campfire cooking

Bannock

Simple to make, four basic ingredients, one bowl to wash. This kids' favorite is tasty,
nutritious and fun to cook on a stick over the campfire. It can also be cooked in a skillet.
Bannock can be a meal in itself.

Ingredients:

• 2-3 cups flour.

• 1-2 tbsp baking poder.

47
• 1 tsp salt (optional).

• 2-3 tbsp oil, butter or lard.

• 2/3 cup warm water.

Directions: Put everything but the water in a bowl and mix with your fingers until crumbly.
Slowly add water and mix until dough feels soft. It may seem that you don't have enough
water, but keep working the dough till it holds together. Don't add more water!

Take a small handful and wrap around the end of a green stick, like a marshmallow
roast. Knead it so it stays together. Cook over coals for about 10-12 minutes, rotating to
cook evenly. Eat as is, or add a bit of jam or honey. (Eartheasy, s.f.)

Fuente: Eartheasy (s.f.)

Shishkebab

Chop, skewer and cook...couldn't be easier! Let the campers cook their own meals-it's a
fun activity and much more nutritious than the standard wiener roast.

Ingredients:

• Beef or pork cut into 1" cubes.

• Small whole onions.

• Red or green peppers, whole mushrooms, whole cherry tomatoes.

Directions: Brown the cubed meat in a skillet over high heat for 1/2 minute on each side.

Cut the peppers in large chunks, leave the other vegetables whole. Slip the pieces onto
a skewer, alternating the ingredients. (Skewer the onions and mushroms through the

48
core, or they might fall off while cooking.) Cook over the open fire for 15-20 minutes till
done. Sprinkle with grated cheese and breadcrumbs before serving. (Eartheasy, s.f.)

Fuente: Eartheasy (s.f.)

Campfire potatoes

This meal pretty much cooks itself-just leave it in the coals! Be sure to count how many
potatoes you put in the fire, because the foil becomes covered with ash, and blends in
well with the coals.

Ingredients:

• Large baking potatoes.

• Whole onions, red or yellow.

• Dill, parsley, bacon bits.

Directions: Slice potato almost all the way through, but leave enough to hold it together.
Slice the onion, and put one slice in between each potato slice. Sprinkle with bacon bits
and a little dill. Wrap well with heavy aluminum foil and bury in the coals of the fire.

Leave untouched for about 45 minutes, and test for doneness by piercing with a fork-the
fork should lift out without lifting the potato. Cooking time depends on size of potatoes
and strength of fire. Serve with pat of butter and a few sprigs of parsley. (Eartheasy, s.f.)

49
 Fuente: Eartheasy (s.f.)

Anecdotes and stories

Function

Anecdotes are short stories you tell about something that happened. They can be
sad, exciting or create other feelings. You can use the past simple and past perfect
to tell these stories. You can also use adverbs and time expressions.
Finally, you use certain phrases to 1) help you create interest and emotion about the
story you will tell at the beginning of a story; 2) put events in order; 3) address the
audience directly; 4) and to end an anecdote. Look at the chart below to remember
some of these phrases that help you tell anecdotes.
Words and phrases for telling anecdotes

To address the
To generate audience directly
To end and
interest To put an event in the middle of an
anecdote
(used in the in sequence anecdote
(used in the
introduction or (used in the (used in the
end)
to introduce a telling of events) beginning, middle
new event) and end)

Oh, I’ve got a First (ly), … In the end…

… you see.
good story …
Second (ly), … To top it all
You won’t believe
I’ll never forget off…
me when I tell you
the day … Then, …
…
Finally,
Coincidentally, By the time …
Can you imagine?
… So, the moral
Just when… of the story
Believe me, …
You’ll never is…
believe what Just then…
happened… So, …

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 I had already…
Get this … That’s about it.
As soon as…
Listen to this
one… I had just…

Suddenly…

Fuente: SENA

Structure

Anecdotes, like sentences, have their own special grammar or order. Look at the
chart below to learn about the stages of an anecdote. You will see that the words
and phrases above correspond to the different moments of the anecdote.

Title

Introduction

• Gets the audience interested.

• Explains the situation and background.

Beginning

Tells how the story started.

Events

• Tells the main event(s) in order.

• Often tells about a problem.

End

• Comments on the outcome of the story.

• Explains how the problem was resolved.

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 Moral or lesson

Mentions a lesson or moral based on how you see things now.

Fuente: SENA

Example of an anecdote

“Only put off until tomorrow what you are willing to die having left undone”.
Pablo Picasso.

Procrastination doesn’t pay

Oh, I've got a good story about why you shouldn't procrastinate...

I'll never forget the day I had to give my first presentation at work in front of
the board of directors. My boss called me that morning at 7:00 a.m. to
remind me how important the presentation at 10:00 a.m. was, and to wish
me luck.

I had just finished my presentation at 6:45 a.m. after I staying up all night.
So, as soon as I got to the office at 7:30 a.m., I drank a few cups of coffee
and went over my presentation. Even though I had finished it at the last
minute, it looked pretty good.

Then, I logged in to my email account and began uploading the

presentation to my account so I could open it in the conference room.
Suddenly, an error message appeared on the screen. The file was too big!
Can you imagine my panic?!

I decided to look for a USB to save the file, but believe me, at that hour, I
was the only one at the office! Since I had arrived before everyone else, no
one could help me. I had to leave to buy a USB! By the time I went back to
the office and saved my presentation, it was time to jump in my car. I began
driving to the conference center. And, you won't believe what happened
next... My car ran out of gas! By that time, it was already 9:45 a.m., and I
was sure I wasn't going to make it on time. Just then a miracle happened.
Coincidentally, I saw my boss passing in her car!!!

In the end, my boss gave me a ride and we got there just five minutes
before 10:00 a.m. As soon as we arrived, I inserted the USB. As it opened I
felt like I was going to have a heart attack from the stress! The presentation
went well, but to top it all off, my boss scolded me for not being more
prepared.

52
So, the moral of the story is: don't procrastinate!

Fuente: SENA

53
 References

Eartheasy. (s.f.). Campfire cooking. Recuperado de http://eartheasy.com

Rolling fox. (2017). How to build a campfire the right way. Recuperado de
https://rollingfox.com

Scouts be prepared. (s.f.). How to build a campfire for cooking. Recuperado de

http://www.4throyaleltham.org

Survival mastery. (s.f.). Campfire recipes: More taste and variety for your camping
trip. Recuperado de http://survival-mastery.com

Wiki how. (s.f.). How to assemble a tent. Recuperado de http://www.wikihow.com

Control del documento

Nombre Cargo Dependencia Fecha

Centro de Gestión
de Mercados,
Autor Logística y
Julián David Experto Septiembre
Tecnologías de la
Mejía Vargas técnico de 2017
Información.
Regional Distrito
Capital
Rachman Guionista - Centro
Octubre de
Adaptación Bustillo Línea de Agroindustrial.
2017
Martínez producción Regional Quindío

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