Calculate for step index fibers-

    a) Propagation constant (β)

    b) Normalized propagation constant (b)

    c) V number (V)

    d) Check whether the fiber is single mode or multi mode.

    e) Graph between normalized propagation constant (b) and V number

    f) Cut off wavelength (λc)

    g) Number of modes traveling in fiber (Ms)

  Input Boundary limits Formula Expected Units

required for inputs output

N  n1 and  n2 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 (n12 - n22 )1/ 2    

A
   and   0.14 to unit less
0.20
 n1 > n2

θa (n1 and 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 Sin-1[(n12 - n22)1/ 2]    

n2) or
and or 00 to 250 degree
NA
 n1 > n2 Sin-1(NA)
 

β (n1 , n2 ,λ) 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 (2π n1 / λ)Cos(θa)     

 or and or    

(n1 ,θa , λ) n1 > n2 (2π n1 / λ)Cos(Sin-1[(n12 -n22)1/2]) (2πn2/λ) < degree/μm

β<
 and   (2πn1/λ)  
 1.1μm < λ< 1.7μm  

 
b n1 and 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 k=2 π / λ 0 to 10 unit less

 n2  and and and

β and n1 > n2 [(β 2/ k2)- n22]/( n12 - n22)

 λ and  

1.1μm < λ< 1.7μm

and

(2πn2/ λ) < β<

(2πn1 /λ)

 
V (a and  λ 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 (2πa/λ)[(n12 - n22)1/ 2 0 to 12 unit less
and
n1 and n2)  and or And

or  n1 > n2 and (2πa/λ)*NA V<=2.405

for single
(a and NA 1.1μm < λ< 1.7μm   mode fiber
and λ)
0.3 μm < 2a < 25 and
  μm
V>2.405
  for
multimode
fiber
2 2 2  2 2 
    Relation between b = 1-[{a (n1 k - β )}/ V ]    
b and V
 
λc (a and  Vc 1.4 < (n1 , n2) < 1.5 Vc=2.405(fixed value)   μm
and
n1 and n2)  and and

or  n1 > n2 (2πa/Vc)[(n12 - n22)1/ 2

(a and NA and or
and Vc)
0.3 μm < 2a < 25 (2πa/Vc) * NA
μm

 
Ms V V>=10 V2/2   unit less