Latin tempramen Efek di buku Bagian tumb

Arab Eng/ind
1.   As Myrtle Myrtus communis It has some mild It strengthens the heart and leaf alcohol
Linn hotness though removes palpitation extract
coldness is
dominant. Its
‫اآلس‬
astringency excels its
coldness. Presumably, leaf Essential oil
its
coldness is in the first
degree and the
dryness in the second
degree.

2.   Am/aj Emblic Emblica According to the It strengthens and purifies fruit

myrobalan officinalis gaertn physician Yahiidi, it is the heart
hot.
‫أمال‬ According to the
Indian physician
Charak Amlaj is
calorific. Probably
the correct position is
that Am/aj is a little
cold and dry.
Leaves

seeds

Barks

Roots:

Fruits
 Fruits

3.   Ijjas Bukhara Prunus domestica It is cold in the first of Old plums remove Fruit
plum huds the second and moist inflammation of the heart
in the last of the third
degree.

fruit

4.   Badranjbu Cultivated Nepeta Cultivated balm is hot It is an exhilarant and tonic Aerial parts
yah balm hindoostana and dry in the second for the heart and also
Haines degree. removes palpitations.
 methhanolic
extract of Dried
course powder of
whole herb of
Nepeta
hindostana

5. badhruj Sweet basil Ocimum It is hot from first to It is a powerful tonic for essential oil
basilicum Linn second degree and dry the heart, the juice is very aerial parts
in the beginning, of useful for blood spitting
the first degree with
superfluousmoistness
which makes
it cool upto the second
degree. This property
is, however, not found
in it.

Leaves

7.   Bahman Behman Centauria It is hot and dry in strong tonic for the heart essential oil The
behman Linn the second degree. and useful in palpitation air-dried aerial
parts of
Centaurea behen
 ‫بهمان‬

8. Tuffah Apple Pyrus malus Linn Ripe apple is very strengthens the heart, fruit
cold and moist due to particularly its syrian
its moisture fragrant, sweet fragrant,
content. Acrid, and sour varietiesIt is very
astringent and sour beneficial in case of
apple is cold, thick excessive hotness in the
and the sweet apple heart. Its flour has also the
being moist in nature, similar action.
is more inclined
towards
hotness. If its coldness
is dominant, the
(above mentioned)
properties of the fruit,
leaves and plant
would become
different. In short,
the cold super1luous
moisture dominates
the substance of the
‫التفاح‬ apple and, perhaps,
sweet apple is
moderate or inclined
towards moderation.

9.   Darunaj Doronic Doruniam It is hot and dry in It strengthens the heart and
hookeri Clarke the third degree, proves to be useful in
palpitation.

‫داروناج‬
10.   Rasin Elecampan Enula helenium It is hot and dry in It belongs to a class of root extracts
e Linn. the third degree. As it drugs which are attenuant
contains superfluous and strengthening for the
matter, its application heart.
does not warm up the
body.

‫الراسن‬
11.   Rumman Pomegrana punica granatum Sweet pomegranate is all the varieties benefit in
te Linn somewhat cold in the cases of palpitation and
first cleanse the heart
degree and it also
contains some
moisture. The sour
variety is cold
and dry in the second
degree.

‫رمان‬ body rinds

roots

leaves and
flowers
fruit rinds

12.   Sibr Small aloe Aloe littoralis Sibr is hot up to the Persian aloe strengthens the
Koening second degree and is heart
somewhat
dry. Sometimes it is
said to be hot and dry
in the third degree
hut this is not true.
 said to be hot and dry
in the third degree
hut this is not true.

‫الصبار‬

13.   Tabashir Bamboo Bambosa It is cold in the second strengthens the heart and
secretion arundinacea and dry in the third useful in hot palpitation
Willd degree.

14.   Ud Aloe wood (c As far as I think it is strengthens the heart Agarwood and
hot and dry in the Aquilaria Plants
second degree.

‫عود‬
16.   Filinmushk Basil Ocimum The variety of basil when taking orally, it essential oils of
grutlssimum Linn called qalhamdn is proves to be useful in cases the flowering
comparatively of palpitation attributes to aerial parts 
more moderate in the presence of phlegm and
temperament than the black bile in the heart
sweet marjoram and
sweet basil. It is also
mildly desiccant.

aqueous leaf
extract

Aerial parts

17.   Nankhah Ajowan Carum copticum It is hot and dry in It is useful in removing the Essential oil
the third degree. pus from the chest as well
as in cases of 'inversion' of
the heart.
 Iranian and
African C.
copticum oil

essential oil

fruit oil

18.   Hindaba Endive cichorium Endive is cold in the It is plastered on the chest Leaves
intybus linn last phase of the first with barley flour in cases
degree. of palpitation. It
Its dry part is dry in strengthens the heart.
the first degree and
moist part is moist in
the last phase of the
‫الهندباء‬ first degree. Roots
Cultivated variety is
relatively more cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and
inclines towards heat
in summer season.
Endive has nothing to
do with such changes
therapeutically. Wild
endive, which is also
called [arakhshaqiiq,
is less moist.
 Cultivated variety is
relatively more cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and
inclines towards heat methanolic
in summer season. extract of seeds
Endive has nothing to
do with such changes
therapeutically. Wild
endive, which is also
called [arakhshaqiiq,
is less moist.

19.   Tanbitl Betel Piper betle Linn. It is cold in the first It strengthens cardiac
leaves degree and dry in the orifice.
second degree.
Leaf is
considered to
provide strength
to the heart
(cardio tonic)
and regulates
irregular heart
beat and blood
pressure
20.   Zaranbad Long Curcuma It is hot and dry in A cardiac tonic
zeodary zeodaria the third degree.

‫زردوي‬ Investigation on
the chemical
components in
the hexane and
dichloromethane
fractions

21.   Zafaran saffron Crocus sativus It is hot in the second A cardiac tonic
linn and dry in the first
degree.
 ‫زعفران‬

22.   Fustuq Pistachio Pistacia vera linn It is said that it is strengthens cardiac orifice the chlorophyll
nut warmer than walnut content
which is hot in the
last phase of the
second degree. It
possesses some
moistness also. Some
people consider
pistachio to be cold
but this is not true.
 ‫الفستق‬ In the fatty acid
composition of
the oil samples

23.   Kafur Camphor Camphora It is cold and dry in It forms one of the  fruits
officinarum the third degree. ingredients of some cardiac
remedies

‫كافور‬
cold dry 6
cold moist 2
hot dry 9
hot moist 1
 Komponen kimia flav asam fenolat tannin alkaloid asam lemak asam sinamat

Genistein (29,48%), methyl v

quercetin (16,56%), kaempferol
(13,26%),

1.8-cineole 27,01%, alfa pinene

21,07%, myrtenyl acetate 20.19%,
limonene 13.7%

Geranyl
acetate was the compound with the
highest relative abundance. The
second compound for relative
abundance was the 1,8-cineole.
Other compounds with high
relative abundance were α-terpinyl
acetate, methyleugenol, linalool, α-
terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-
humulene, Trans-caryophyllene
oxide, and humulene epoxide II.

Alkaloids, Glycoside, Flavonoids, v v chebulinic v

tannins, Protein, Tannins and acid
Phenolic, Ascorbic acid,
chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid,
3-ethylgallic acid, gallic acid,
ellagic acid, corilagin.
gallic acid, chebulic acid, ellagic asam fenolik
acid, chebulinic acid, chebulagic *gallic acid)
acid, amlic acid, alkaloids
phyllantine and phyllantidine
(Khan, 2009).

Contains linolenic acid (8.78%), asam linoleat

linoleic (44%). oleic (28.40%),
steric (2.15%), palmitic (2.99%)
and miristic acid (0.95%) (Khan,
2009).

Contain leukodelphinidin, tannin v

and proanthocyanidin (Khan,
2009).
Contain ellagic acid and lupeol
(Khan, 2009).

have 28% of the total tannins v

distributed in the whole plant. The
fruit contains two hydrolysable
tannins emblicanin-A (37%) and
-B (33%)
 have 28% of the total tannins
distributed in the whole plant. The
fruit contains two hydrolysable
tannins emblicanin-A (37%) and
-B (33%)

Anthocyanins, malic acid, tartaric v

and citric acid, Anthocyanin
s

anthocyanin, ellagic acid, myricetin v

Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons,
exhibited higher percentage of (E)
β- farnesene (10.4%) followed by
ageratochromene (9.7%), spiro
[4.5] decan-1-one, 6-hydroxy
(9.5%), -caryophyllene (8.6%)
and spiro [4.5] decan-6-ol, 6-
methyl (8.2%)
Total flavonoids were found to be v
present in maximum amount in
NHM extract whereas the other
phytoconstituents were found to be
present in the following order: total
flavonoids > total terpenoids > total
phenolic > total alkaloids > total
saponin > total tannin > total
steroids

A total of thirty six chemical

constituents were identified and
linalool (69.87%) was found to be
the major constituent. Other main
identified constituents included
geraniol (9.75%), p-allylanisole
(6.02%), 1,8–cineole (4.90%),
trans–α–bergamotene (2.36%) and
neryl acetate (1.24%).

methyl cinnamate (70.1%), v

linalool (17.5%), β-elemene (2.6%)
and camphor (1.52%)

five monoterpenes (7.8%), eleven

sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
(85.9%). Caryooyllane (24.5%),
β-selinene (13.9%) and valencene
(11.7%) are the major components,
followed by δ-cadinene (8.7%),
epi-α-muurolene (7.6%), α-
humulene (6.5%) and α-copane
(4.0%)
Malic acid, apple contains 2-30 mg
ascorbic acid per 100 g. Vitamin C
(mg/100g fresh fruit) varies
between 7.19 and 7.89 mg/100g
fresh fruit.

The methanolic extract of root part v

possessed higher phenolic content
phenolic acids (caffeic, v v
chlorogenic, dicaffeoyl quinic,
hydroxibenzoic), terpenes
(alantolactone) and different
flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin
gallate, ferulic acid-4-O-glucoside,
dihydroquercetin pentosyl
rutinoside, kaempherol-7-O-
dipentoside, quercetin-3-O-β-
glucopyranoside)

Hydrolyzable tannins including v

ellagitannins and gallotannin.
punicalagin is the major
hydrolyzable tannin present in
pomegranates

alkaloid 0.35 to 0.60% v

alkaloid 3%, one gluconic acid; and v

also casuariline and casuarine

ursolic acid is at the rate of 0.45%

0.6% ursolic acid , polyholoside at

the rate of 2.58%

Anthraquinones/anthrones : Aloe-
emodin, aloetic-acid, anthranol,
aloin A and B (or collectively
known as barbaloin), isobarbaloin,
emodin, ester of cinnamic acid.
cinnamic acids and other v
derivatives (e.g., caffeic &
chlorogenic acids), chromones
(e.g., aloesin & isoaloeresin D),
anthracene compounds and
derivatives (e.g., aloin A/B and
emodin), and several C-flavonoids
(e.g., orientin & isovitexin)

10.52mg of flavonoids, 15.5 mg of v

phenols, 5.77mg of steroids,1.45
mg of tannins,0.565mg of quinines

2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-
one derivatives,terpenoids,
flavonoids etc., in which 2-(2-
phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
derivatives and sesquiterpenes are
the two predominant constituents in
agarwood
α-pinene, E-β-
ocimene,terpinolene, α-
terpineol,eugenol, β-cubenene, β-
caryophyllene, γ-muurolene,-
muurolene,epi-cubebol, and
-cubebol, and δ-cadinene in less
quantity.

steroids, tannins, flavonoids,

saponins, terpenoids alkaloids,
inulins, phenolic compounds,B-
carotene, glycosides, carotenoids,
reducing sugars, phlobatannins,
anthraquinones and cardiac
glycosides with steroidal ring and
deoxy–sugar. Beside these
polyphenols, quinones, coumarins,
and catechins

phenolic compounds, terpenoids,

saponins, carbohydrates,
anthraquinones and sterols.

thymol (25.64%), carvacrol

(14.36%), γ-terpinene (11.24%) and
p-cymene (10.24%).
thymol (45.9%), 𝛾-terpinene
(20.6%), and o-cymene (19%)

thymol (39.1%), p-cymene

(30.8%), 𝛾-terpinene (23.2%), 𝛽-
pinene (1.7%), and terpinene-4-ol
(0.8%)

p-cymene (41.98%), carvacrol

(45.20%), and thymol (0.48%)
p-cyme-3-ol (38.00%), o-cymene
(37.44%), gamma-terpines
(21.07%) and beta-pinene (1.42%)

Gallic acid 1.96 Protocatechuic asam

acid 2.50 Chlorogenic acid 17.84 P. hidroksisin
hydroxybenzoic acid 11.04 Caffeic amat
acid 35.22 Iso vanillic acid 1.97 p.
coumaric acid 9.65 Unknown
compound 19.46

Protocatechuic acid 1.77 asam

Chlorogenic acid 10.85 Caffeic hidroksisina
acid 24.36 m. coumaric acid 27.90 mat
p. coumaric acid 25.03 Unknown
compound 10.09
18 alpha,19 beta-20(30)-taraxasten-
3beta,21alpha-diol (cichoridiol)
and 17-epi-methyl-6-
hydroxyangolensate
(intybusoloid), lupeol, friedelin,
beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol,
betulinic acid, betulin,
betulinaldehyde, syringic acid,
vanillic acid) 6,7-
dihydroxycoumarin, and methyl-
alpha-D-galactopyranoside

Piperol-A, Piperol-B, methyl piper phenol

betlol. an essential oil composing chavibetol
of terpinen-4-ol, safrole, allyl
pyrocatechol monoacetate, eugenol,
eugenyl acetate, hydroxyl chavicol,
eugenol, piper betol and the betle
oil contains cadinene carvacrol,
allyl catechol, chavicol, p-cymene,
caryophyllene, chavibetol, cineole,
estragol.betle phenol (Chavibetol
and Chavicol)
allyl catechol, chavicol, p-cymene,
caryophyllene, chavibetol, cineole,
estragol.betle phenol (Chavibetol
and Chavicol)

Essential oil (0.08-0.2%), Tannin v

(0.1-1.3%), Alkaloid (arakene).
Vitamin-C (0.005-0.01%),
Nicotinic acid (0.63-
0.89mg/100gms), Vitamin-A (1.9-
2.9mg/100gms), Thiamine (10-
70μg/100gms), Riboflavin (1.9-
30μg/100gms) beside this it
contains minerals such as Calcium
(0.2-0.5%), Iron (0.005-0.007),
Iodine (3.4μg/100gms), Phosphorus
(0.05-0.6%),essential oil
composing of safrole, allyl
pyrocatechol monoacetate, eugenol,
terpinen-4-ol, eugenyl acetate,
 The major compounds of the oil is
camphor (49.51 %), isobornyl
alcohol (12.66 %), borneol (4.23
%), furanodiene (3.61 %),
furanodienone (3.49 %), 1,8-
cineole (3.42 %), camphene (2.28
%), β-pinene (1.75 %), 2-nonanon
(0.76 %) and germacrene- D (1.19
%)

labda-8(17),12 diene-15,16 dial,

dehydrocurdion, curcumenone,
comosone II, curcumenol,
procurcumenol, germacrone,
zerumbone epoxide,zederone,9-
isopropylidene-2,6-dimethyl-11-
oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undec-6-en-
8-ol, furanodiene, germacrone-4,5-
epoxide, calcaratarin A,
isoprocurcumenol,germacrone-
1,10-epoxide, zerumin A,
curcumanolide a curcuzedoalide,
and gweicurculactone.

 terpenes, terpene alcohols, and

their esters, crocins,  carotenes,
crocetin, picrocrocin, safranal
 The volatiles consist of more than
34 components that are terpenes,
terpene alcohols and their esters
among which safranal is the main
component. Non-volatile
compounds comprise crocins,
crocetin, picrocrocin and
flflavonoids (quercetin and
kaempferol)

15 to 72 mg pheophytin/kg oil and

the carotenoid content was 5.4 to
11.5 mg/kg.
oleic acid was the main fatty acid v
(52.5–63.9%), followed by linoleic
acid (27.1–37.2%), palmitic acid
(4.6–10.3%), palmitoleic acid (0.6–
1.2%), stearic acid (0.1–1.3%) and
linolenic acid (0.3–0.4%)

α-pinene (31.5%), α-terpinolene

(20.2%), myrcene (11.5%),
pinocarvone (6.2%) and camphene
(4.8%).

 D-camphor (51.3%), 1,8-cineole

(4.3%), and α-terpineol (3.8%),
while D-camphor (28.1%), linalool
(22.9%), and 1,8-cineole (5.3%)
5 5 2 2 2 3
 terpen kuinon Jurnal komponen kimia Efek terhadap Jantung

Hafsa & abdekrim ‘analysis of the chemica Antioxidants are of interest to biologists and
compositions of the alcoholic extract and clinicians because they help to protect the
the essential oil of the leaves of the plant human body against damages induced by
myrtus communis from blida -Algeria”. reactive free radicals generated in ischemic
acta scientific nutritional health 3.6 (2019): heart disease
monoterpen 150-155

monoterpene Chemical Composition of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Berries Essential Oils as Observed in a Collecti

Journal of pharmacognosy and Amla fruit been reported have significant

phytochemistry. 2018. pharmacognostical antihyperlipidemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-
study of amalaki. Sadhana dan vinay atherogenic effect. Treatment with Emblica
officinalis caused significant reduction of Total
Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein
(LDL), triglyceride (TG) and Very Low
Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and a significant
increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
levels in patients with type II hyperlipidemia
 Khan KH (2009). Roles of Emblica
officinalis in Medicine - A Review. Bot.
Res. Int. 2(4): 218-228.

It strengthens the heart muscles and causes a

significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol and
triglycerides. A 500 mg capsule of dried Amla
powder can be added to your daily routine after
consulting with doctor. High vitamin-C helps
control blood pressure. Amla choorna (powder)
or in the form of triphala tablets or decoction.
Triphala, a combination of Amla and two other
herbs is an excellent medication for high blood
Pressure
Hasan et al., International Current
Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2016, 5(2):
14-21

http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue2/02.pdf

salil k Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Cardio-protective Activity:

Sairam K, Ghosal S,
 Effect of bioactive tannoid principles of The effects of chronic oral administration of
Emblica officinalis on ischemia- fresh fruit homogenate of Amla on myocardial
reperfusion induced oxidative stress in rat antioxidant system and oxidative stress induced
heart,Phytomedicine.2002;9(2):171-4. by ischemic -reperfusion injury (IRI) were
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis): investigated on heart in rats. Chronic Emblica
Complete pharmacognosy review officinalis administration produces myocardial
adaptation by augmenting endogenous
antioxidants and protects rat hearts from
oxidative stress associated with IRI

Physical and Chemical Properties of Some
European Plum Cultivars. Ionica M. E. et
al. / Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2013,
41(2):499-503
 Plums have been shown to possess antioxidant
and antiallergic properties, and consumption is
associated with improved cognitive function,
bone health parameters and cardiovascular risk
factors

Evaluation of the Phytochemical,

Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer
Activity of Prunus domestica Fruit Hossam
S. EL-BELTAGI1,2*, Abeer E. EL-
ANSARY1, Mai A. MOSTAFA3, Teba A.
KAMEL3, Gehan SAFWAT

Sesquiterpen Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Lipid levels were significantly attenuated by
e Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil different doses of extracts. The histology of
of Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines from blood vessels also proved the effectiveness of
India Abhay K. Pandey, Manindra Mohan, both extracts (at dose 400 mg/kg) in case of
Pooja Singh and Nijendra. N. Tripathi. Rec. dyslipidemia induced by cholesterol diet. The
Nat. Prod. 9:2 (2015) 224-23. acg results indicate that antidyslipidemic effect of
publication the plant extracts was meditated through the
inhibition of biosynthesis, absorption and
secretion of lipids. This may be possibly due
partly to the presence of antioxidant
constituents in this plat
 Chemical constituents, antihyperglycemic
and antioxidant effects of Nepeta
hindostana whole herb in alloxan and
OGTT induced
diabetes in rats
Sushma Kainsa and Randhir Singh*Journal
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research,
2015, 7(9):920-932

terpen  Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. The alcoholic extract exhibited a cardiotonic
Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2015, Pages effect and the aqueous extract produced a β
645-649 Chemical composition and -adrenergic effect.
antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated
from Omani basil (Ocimum
basilicum Linn.) Dalia
WaleedAlAbbasyaNirmalPathareaJamal
NasserAl-SabahibShah AlamKhana.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-
1808(15)60905-7

Nat Prod Res. 2012;26(12):1112-8.

doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.545357. Epub
2011 Sep 22. Chemical composition of the
essential oil from basil (Ocimum basilicum
Linn.) and its in vitro cytotoxicity against
HeLa and HEp-2 human cancer cell lines
and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
Kathirvel P1, Ravi S.

v Volatile compounds of essential oil

Centaurea behen L. grown in Iran
Akbar Esmaeili1,* , Elham Khodadadi.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences (JPS)
Spring 2012 Vol.3, No.2 ISSN 2008-
4978
Chemical Composition of the Fruits of The effects of regular feeding of Pyrus malus
Several Apple Cultivars Growth as (apple) whole fruit and its juice on total serum
Biological Crop Gheorghe CAMPEANU 1) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,
, Gabriela NEATA2) , Gina triglycerides and phospholipids have been
DARJANSCHI2). Available online at studied in normal albino rabbits. It was
www.notulaebotanicae.ro Not. Bot. Hort. observed that the whole fruit as well as juice
Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009, 161-164. caused significant and progressive decrease in
Campeanu, G. et al. ./ Not. Bot. Hort. total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and
Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009, 161-164 triglycerides within a period of 30 days

Rupam Bharti et al. / Journal of Pharmacy

Research 2012,5(8),4278-4287
v Antioxidant and chemical properties of
Inula helenium root extracts. Cent. Eur. J.
Chem. • 11(10) • 2013 • 1699-1709 DOI:
10.2478/s11532-013-0295-3. Iuliana
Spiridon1, Constantin Bogdan Nechita2,
Marius Niculaua3, Mihaela Silion1, Alice
Armatu4, Carmen-Alice Teacă1*, Ruxanda
Bodîrlău

Rahmani AH, Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA. The main part of pomegranate seed oil is
Active Constituents of Pomegranates punicic acid having anti-atherogenic effect
(Punica granatum) as Potential Candidates Pomegranate juice has been widely accepted
in the Management of Health through for its high-level antioxidant activity and is
Modulation of Biological Activities. effective in atherosclerosis inhibition. Animal
Pharmacog J. 2017;9(5):689-95. trial systems and human clinical trials suggest
that pomegranate juice have anti-atherogenic
activity in atherosclerotic mice and humans s.
in their in-vivo investigation indicated that
pomegranate was beneficial for heart
conditions and blood vessels, including heart
attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
congestive heart failure (CHF), and
atherosclerosis
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol.
6(40), pp. 5306-5310, 17 October, 2012
Available online at
http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.577 ISSN 1996-
0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Review
Chemical composition of the plant Punica
granatum L. (Pomegranate) and its effect on
heart and cancer Sharrif Moghaddasi
Mohammad1 and Hamed Haddad Kashani

triterpenoid
pentasiklik

v Review Article ISSN: 2394-613X Aloe vera

its medicinal uses: A review Dr. B. Nirmala
Kumari, Dr.M.Sharmila .International
Journal of Pharmacology and
Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015; Vol2,
Issue6, 16-21
 Research Article Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera from the Pica Oasis (Tara

Available online on www.ijppr.com

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and
Phytochemical Research 2015; 7(5); 980-
983 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article
*Author for Correspondence Quantitative
Phytochemical Analysis of Bambusa
arundinacea Seeds. hamizharasan.,
Umamaheswari., Rajeswari Hari3 ,
Ulagaratchagan.V

v Review Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Agarwood and Aquilaria Plants Shuai W
monoterpen Indian J Pharm Sci. 2013 Jul-Aug; 75(4): 457–462.

doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.119834
di webnya gabisa download

Chemical Composition, In
Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant
Activities of the Essential Oils of Ocimum
Gratissimum, O. Sanctum and their Major
Constituents

R. K. Joshi

Sandeep Pandey, Phytochemical

Constituents, Pharmacological and
Traditional Uses of Ocimum Gratissimum
L in Tropics, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017;
4(11).

m Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils C. copticum has remarkable role in heart rate
of Carum copticum. S. Ghadimian &F. and blood pressure. Thymol also made fall in
Esmaeili Pages 1834-1836 | Received 11 blood pressure and heart rate. Negative
Nov 2014, Accepted 15 May 2015, inotropic and chronotropic effects due to
Published online: 14 Dec administration of 1–10 mg/kg thymol in mice
2016 https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.201 were shown which lead to decrease in blood
4.989187 pressure. It was suggested that this effect of
thymol could be due to calcium channel
blocking property
m Review Article Carum copticum L.: A Herbal Medicine with Various Pharmacological Effects. Hindawi P

m Vitamins & Minerals. Chemical

Composition, Essential Oil Characterization
and Antimicrobial Activity of Carum
copticum Hassan W* , Gul S, Rehman S,
Noreen H, Shah Z, Mohammadzai I and
Zaman B Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Chemical and Technological Studies on The vasorelaxant activities of chicoric acid

Chicory (Cichorium Intybus L) and Its from Cichorium intybus along with caffeic
Applications in Some Functional Food acid were studied in isolated rat aorta strips.
Mona, I. Massoud1 ; Wafaa, A. Amin2 and chicoric acid , a diester composed of (S,S)-
Elgindy, A. A3. Vol. 14 (3), 2009 tartaric acid and caffeic acid, showed slow
relaxation activity against norepinephrine
(NE)-induced contraction of rat aorta
with/without endothelium.
triterpenoid IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy
www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-
ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 3 (March
2016), PP. 41-56 41 Medical importance of
Cichorium intybus – A review Prof Dr Ali
Esmail Al-Snafi Department of
Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi
qar University, Iraq.

v Journal of Pharmacognosy and Taken together, the biochemical and functional

Phytochemistry 2014; 3(4): 93-98. Vandana parameters indicate that P. betle 150 and 300 
Dwivedi, Shalini Tripathi. Review study on mg/kg has a significant cardioprotective effect
potential activity of Piper betle against ISP-induced myocardial infarction
 Isoproterenol (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p., 7 days)
induced cardiac hypertrophy in experimental
rats which were simultaneously treated with the
standard drug losartan (50 mg/ kg b.w., oral., 7
days) and hydro-ethanolic extract of P. betle
(200 mg/kg b.w., oral., 7 days). Biochemical
estimations revealed increased levels of
glucose, protein, albumin, lipid proϑiles (total
cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides), urea,
creatinine, cardiac maker enzymes (SGOT;
SGPT and LDH), reduced enzymic
antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx) and serum were
observed during CH which were reciprocated
to normal when treated with plant extract.
Histopathological analysis of the heart tissue
(left ventricles) showed repairment of cellular
architecture with reduced stiffened cell layers
and necrosis in plant extract administered rats
thereby indicating the antihypertrophic
potential of P. betle.

ISSN 2278- 4136 ZDB-Number: 2668735-5 The effect of PB chewing can be observed
IC Journal No: 8192 Volume 1 Issue 6 within minutes15, which includes cardio-
Online Available at www.phytojournal.com acceleration, sweating and salivation. It induces
Journal of Pharmacognosy and catecholamine secretion from the adrenal
Phytochemistry Vol. 1 No. 6 2013 cortex contributing to increase in stamina, heart
www.phytojournal.com Page | 147 Golden rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels and
Heart of the Nature: Piper betle L. D. sympathetic neural activity. Platelet
Pradhan1*, Dr. K. A. Suri2 , Dr. D. K. hyperactivity is important in the pathogenesis
Pradhan3 and P. Biswasroy of cardiovascular diseases due to intravascular
thrombosis. Piperbetol, methylpiperbetol,
piperol A and piperol B, isolated from PB,
selectively inhibited platelet aggregation
induced by platelet activating factor (PAF)
in a concentration-dependent manner.
 terpenoid Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on lipid levels
of White Turmeric (Curcuma was determined by oral administration to rats
zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) from Indonesia for 12 consecutive days, after which
and its Toxicity toward Artemia hyperlipidemia was induced by injecting
salina Leach. Rurini Retnowati,Moh. Farid poloxamer 407 48 h prior to blood collection. It
Rahman &Dore Yulia. Pages 393-396 | was found to be effective in reducing TC levels
Received 27 May 2012, Accepted 21 Nov after 12 days of pretreatment with extract at a
2012, Published online: 20 Aug dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt. reduced
2014https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.201 by 17.1% and 19.65%
4.895196

v Research Article Cytotoxic Constituents from the Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria Omer Abdalla Ahme

monoterpeno Result doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.70919.

Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jul-Dec; 4(8): 200–208. revealed that myocardial injury
Crocus sativus L.: A co
id preserved nearly normal tissue architecture
with saffron or safranal pretreatment. Rat
model based study has confirmed that whole
saffron pretreatment or its individual
constituents such as safranal pretreatment
considerably decrease the serum LDH and CK-
MB level, as well as myocardial lipid
peroxidation as compared to isoproterenol –
induced animals. The cardio-protective effect
of saffron active constituents including crocin
has been confirmed through regulation of
oxidative stress.
v Constituents of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Based on the in vitro and in vivo supportive
as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of scientific evidence, crocin in a dose- dependent
Anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. manner (1–10 M) had cytoprotective effect
Nikolaos Pitsikas. Molecules 2016, 21, 303; against hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial
doi:10.3390/molecules21030303 cells injury and contributed in reducing
www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules cardiovascular related disorders

Oil quality of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In some in

grown studies, it has been determined
East Azarbaijan, Iran Farnazthat the
Yahyavia , Mohammad
pistachio nut is beneficial in the continuation of
mechanisms that provide maintenance of body
health, such as anti-inflammatory activity,
glycemic control, and endothelial functions,
and it has also been shown to prevent the
oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
and to have a protective role against chronic
diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular
disease. With a potassium content of 10.05
mg/gram, which is higher than other types of
peanut, the sodium content of the pistachio nut
may play a role in balancing the blood pressure
by reducing the need for salt
 Studies have shown that pistachios can improve
blood lipid profiles in subjects with moderate
hypercholesterolemia, and in turn, reduce the
risk of CVDs. Some clinical trials with statins
suggest that this will result in a reduction of 9-
12% in the risk of CHD. Protein, dietary fiber,
potassium, magnesium, vitamin K, g-
tocopherol, and a number of phytochemicals
are beneficial for the heart, and are abundant in
pistachios. Replacement of low-fat snacks with
pistachios about 20% of the daily energy intake
modifies systemic hemodynamics, increases
heart rate variability, and reduces ambulatory
blood pressure in adults with well-controlled
type 2 diabetes. Pistachio-enriched treatment
diets significantly decreased serum oxidized-
LDL in participants; this was related to the
control of diet. Oxidized-LDL is recognized as
a contributing factor in the initiation and
progression of CVD

monoterpe Chemical composition of the essential oils

n from the hulls of Pistacia vera L. by using
magnetic nanoparticle assisted microwave
(MW) distillation: comparison with routine
MW and conventional hydrodistillation

Hamid Hashemi-Moghaddam,*a   Majid
Mohammdhosseinib  and  Mohammad
Salara  

Analitycal. Methods, 2014,6, 2572-2579

https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY42180E

v The Chemical Composition of Essential

Oils from Cinnamomum camphora and
Their Insecticidal Activity against the
Stored Product Pests Shanshan Guo 1 ,
Zhufeng Geng 1,2, Wenjuan Zhang 1 ,
Junyu Liang 1 , Chengfang Wang 1,*,
Zhiwei Deng 1,2 and Shushan Du

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1836;

doi:10.3390/ijms17111836
15 1
 Jurnal efek

Phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of

Myrtus communis L. Jinous Asgarpanah* & Arefeh
Ariamanesh Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
Vol. 14(1), January 2015, pp. 82-87

Hasan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical

Journal, January 2016, 5(2): 14-21

http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue2/02.pdf

Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and

traditional uses of Emblica officinalis: A review
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis): Complete
pharmacognosy review

1 Kaushik Vilas Kulkarni, 2 Shrishail M Ghurghure

International Journal of Chemistry Studies

ISSN: 2581-348X
Impact Factor: RJIF 5.44
www.chemistryjournal.in
Volume 2; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 05-11

A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF

EMBLICA OFFICINALIS
R. Jain *, R. Pandey, R. N. Mahant and D.S. Rathore

Jain et al., IJPSR, 2015; Vol. 6(1): 72-84. DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(1).72-84

Phytother Res. 2016 May;30(5):701-31. doi:

10.1002/ptr.5581. Epub 2016 Mar 16. A Systematic
Review on the Health Effects of Plums (Prunus
domestica and Prunus salicina). Igwe EO1, Charlton
KE1.

Devi S, Singh R, Assessment of lipid lowering effect

of Nepeta hindostana herb extract in experimentally
induced dyslipidemia, Journal of Nutrition &
Intermediary Metabolism (2017), doi:
10.1016/j.jnim.2017.08.002.
June 2004. Indian Journal of,Pharmacology 36(3):163-166 Cardiac stimulant activity of Ocimum basilicum Linn. extracts
Modulatory Effects of Some Fruit Juices on Lipid
Profile in Rats Fed with High Lipid Diet Habibu
Tijjani1*, Enoch Banbilbwa Joel2 and Carrol Domkat
Luka. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and
Molecular Biology 3(2): 1-8, 2020; Article
no.AJBGMB.53866 ISSN: 2582-3698
Punica Granatum with Multiple Effects in Chronic Diseases Aida Doostkama , Shahindokht Bassiri-Jahromib , and Kamyar Irava
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 569087, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10
Medical importance of Cichorium intybus – A review
Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snaf. IOSR Journal Of
Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-
ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 3 (March 2016),
PP. 41-56
Toxicol Mech Methods. 2010 Nov;20(9):564-71. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2010.514962. Epub 2010 Sep 16. Effect of Piper betle
Effect of hydroethanolic extract of Piper betle in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy Doss VA* , Sreeja Jeevan, Madhum

Piper betle Linn. a maligned Pan-Asiatic plant with an

array of pharmacological activities and prospects for
drug discovery Nikhil Kumar1,*, Pragya Misra2 ,
Anuradha Dube2 , Shailja Bhattacharya2 , Madhu
Dikshit3 and Shirish Ranade. CURRENT SCIENCE,
VOL. 99, NO. 7, 10 OCTOBER 2010
RESEARCH ARTICLE PHYTOPREVENTIVE
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF
CURCUMA ZEDOARIA A.R. Srividya1 *, S.P.
Dhanabal2 , Ajit Kumar Yadav3 , M.N. Sathish
Kumar4 and V.J. Vishnuvarthan. Bulletin of
Pharmaceutical Research 2012;2(1):22-5

Rahmani AH, Khan AA, Aldebasi YH. Saffron

(Crocus sativus) and its Active Ingredients: Role in the
Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Pharmacog J.
2017;9(6):873-9.
Saffron; An updated review on biological properties with special focus on cardiovascular effects Samad Ghaffari, Neda Roshan

Volume 109, January 2019, Pages 21-27

Koyuncu İ, Koçyiğit A, Dikme R, Selek Ş.

Phyotherapeutic Properties of Urfa Pistachio Nuts
(Pistacia vera L.). Bezmialem Science 2018; 6(3):
200-5.
A review on pistachio: Its composition and benefits
regarding the prevention or treatment of diseases
Ghaseminasab Parizi M, BSc1 , Ahmadi A, MSc2 ,
Mazloomi SM, PhD. JOHE, Winter 2015; 4 (1)
the treatise of cardiac drugs avicenna
no latin bagian efek
1 bambusa aleaves antioxidant
antiinflamasi
resin antispasmodic
2 centauria roots antioxidant
3 crocus satistigma (floantioxidant
cardioprotective
hypotensive
hypolipidemic
antiatherosklerosis
antiarythmia
calcium antagonis
4 curcuma zerhizome antiinflamasi
antioxidant
reductiom tg
5 malus peels acei
fruits antihyperlipid
antioxidant
6 myrtus co leaves antidiabetic
7 ocimum bas aerial antioxidant
hypolipidemic
leaves cardioprotective
antiinflamasi
antihypertensive
8 pistacia ve fruit leave antioxidant
seed husk antioxidant
nuts antiatherosklerosis
9 punica gra juice antihypertensive
whole fruit cardioprotective
seeds extracardioprotective
seed oil antihyperlipid
flower reducer cardiac ffibrosis
10 pyrus communis
no temperamen tanaman efek

1 panas kering nepeta hindoostana exhilarant, tonic for the

heart, removes palpitation

centauria behman tonic and removes

palpitation
doruniam hookeri strength the heart, removes
palpitation
enula helenium attenuant and strength the
heart
aloe littoralis strength the heart
aloe wood strength the heart

carum copticum removing the pus inversion

of the heart
curcuma zedoaria cardiac tonic
crocus sativus cardiac tonic

2 cold dry camphora officinarum cardiac remedies

piper betle strength cardiac orifice

bambosa arudinacea strength the heart and

usefull in hot palpitation
punica granatum palpitation and cleanse the
heart
emblica officinalis strength and purifies the
heart
myrtus communis strength the heart and
removes palpitation
3 cold moist prunus domestica removes inflammation of
the heart
pyrus malus strengthens the heart, in
case of excessive hotness in
the heart.
4 hot moist pistacia vera strength cardiac orifice
5 blm tau
It is hot from first to ocimum basilicum It is a powerful tonic for the
second degree and dry heart, the juice is very
in the beginning, of useful for blood spitting
the first degree with
superfluousmoistness
which makes it cool
upto the second
degree. This property
is, however, not found
in it.
The variety of basil ocimum grutlssimum palpitation attributes to the
called qalhamdn is presence of phlegm and
comparatively more black bile in the heart
moderate in
temperament than the
sweet marjoram and
sweet basil. It is also
mildly desiccant.

Endive is cold in the cichorium intybus palpitation and strengthens

last phase of the first the heart.
degree.Its dry part is
dry in the first degree
and moist part is
moist in the last phase
of the first degree.
Cultivated variety is
relatively more cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and
inclines towards heat
in summer season.
Endive has nothing to
do with such changes
therapeutically. Wild
endive, which is also
called [arakhshaqiiq,
is less moist.
metabolit tempra men terpen flavonoid

terpen dan flavonoid terpen 7 exhilarant v v

terpen flavonoid 2 tonic vvvv v

asam fenolat fenolat 2 palpitation vvv v

flavonoid, fenolat, terpen sinamat 1 strength vvv v

asam sinamat dan kuinon kuinon 1 orifice v

terpen hot
palpitation
terpen cleanse

terpen purifies
terpen remove
inflamation

terpen terpen 4 pus v

inversion
asam fenolat, terpen, tanin fenolat 3 cardiac v
remedies
asam fenolat tanin 3 excessive
hotness
tanin, alkaloid, terpen flavonoid 2

tanin, fenolat, asam lemak, alkaloid 2

flavonoid, alkaloid
flavonoid, terpen as lemak 1

flavonoid

asam malat

terpen dan asam lemak

asam sinamat dan terpen

terpen dkk

asam sinamat dan terpen

fenolat tanin sinamat kuinon alkaloid asam lemak

vvv v v

v v
v
 Latin tempramen Efek di buku Bagian
tumb
Arab Eng/ind
1.   As Myrtle Myrtus It has some mild It strengthens the heart and fruit
communis hotness though removes palpitation
Linn coldness is
dominant. Its
astringency excels
its coldness.
Presumably, its
coldness is in the
first degree and the
dryness in the
second degree.

‫اآلس‬ Small
shoots of
its roots
are most
potent
wood

2.   Am/aj Emblic Emblica According to the It strengthens and purifies fruit

myrobalan officinalis physician Yahiidi, the heart
gaertn it is hot.
According to the
Indian physician
Charak Amlaj is
calorific. Probably
the correct position
‫أمال‬ is that Am/aj is a
little cold and dry.
 Fruits

3.   Ijjas Bukhara Prunus It is cold in the first Old plums remove Fruit
plum domestica of the second and inflammation of the heart
huds moist in the last of
the third degree.

fruit

4.   Badranjbu Cultivated Nepeta Cultivated balm is It is an exhilarant and tonic Aerial

yah balm hindoostan hot and dry in the for the heart and also parts
a Haines second degree. removes palpitations.

methhanoli
c extract of
Dried
course
powder of
whole herb
of Nepeta
hindostana

5. badhruj Sweet basil Ocimum It is hot from first It is a powerful tonic for the essential
basilicum to second degree heart, the juice is very useful oil aerial
Linn and dry in the for blood spitting parts
beginning, of the
first degree with
superfluousmoistne
ss which makes
it cool upto the
second degree. This
property is,
5. badhruj Sweet basil Ocimum It is hot from first It is a powerful tonic for the essential
basilicum to second degree heart, the juice is very useful oil aerial
Linn and dry in the for blood spitting parts
beginning, of the
first degree with
superfluousmoistne
ss which makes
it cool upto the
second degree. This Leaves
property is,
however, not found
in it.

6.   Bahman Behman Centauria It is hot and dry in strong tonic for the heart essential
behman the second degree. and useful in palpitation oil The air-
Linn dried aerial
parts of
Centaurea
behen

‫بهمان‬ wood

0:00 Tuffah Apple Pyrus Ripe apple is very strengthens the heart, fruit
malus Linn cold and moist due particularly its syrian
to its moisture fragrant, sweet fragrant, and
content. Acrid, sour varietiesIt is very
astringent and sour beneficial in case of
apple is cold, thick excessive hotness in the
and the sweet apple heart. Its flour has also the
being moist in similar action.
nature, is more
‫التفاح‬ inclined towards leaves
hotness. If its
coldness is
dominant, the
(above mentioned)
properties of the
fruit, leaves and
plant would
become different.
In short,
the cold
super1luous
moisture dominates
8.   Darunaj Doronic Doruniam It is hot and dry in It strengthens the heart and root
the substance of the
hookeri the third degree, proves to be useful in
apple and, perhaps,
Clarke palpitation.
sweet apple is
‫داروناج‬ moderate or
inclined towards
moderation.
10.   Rasin Elecampan Enula It is hot and dry in It belongs to a class of drugs root
e helenium the third degree. As which are attenuant and extracts
Linn. it strengthening for the heart.
contains
superfluous matter,
its application does
not warm up the
body.

‫الراسن‬
11.   Rumman Pomegrana punica Sweet pomegranate all the varieties benefit in
te granatum is somewhat cold in cases of palpitation and
Linn the first cleanse the heart
degree and it also
contains some
moisture. The sour
variety is cold
and dry in the
second degree.

‫رمان‬ seeds

leaves and
flowers

fruit rinds

12.   Sibr Small aloe Aloe Sibr is hot up to the Persian aloe strengthens the
littoralis second degree and heart
Koening is somewhat
dry. Sometimes it
is said to be hot and
dry in the third
degree
hut this is not true.
 Koening is somewhat
dry. Sometimes it
is said to be hot and
dry in the third
degree
‫الصبار‬ hut this is not true.

13.   Tabashir Bamboo Bambosa It is cold in the strengthens the heart and woods
secretion arundinace second and dry in useful in hot palpitation
a Willd the third degree.

leaves

14.   Ud Aloe wood Alocxylen As far as I think it strengthens the heart Agarwood
agallochon is hot and dry in and
the second degree. Aquilaria
Plants
‫عود‬

16.   Filinmushk Basil
Ocimum The variety of basil when taking orally, it proves essential
grutlssimu called qalhamdn is to be useful in cases of oils of the
m Linn comparatively palpitation attributes to the flowering
more moderate in presence of phlegm and aerial
temperament than black bile in the heart parts 
the sweet marjoram
and sweet basil. It
is also mildly
desiccant.
 aqueous
leaf extract

Aerial
parts

17.   Nankhah Ajowan Carum It is hot and dry in It is useful in removing the Essential
copticum the third degree. pus from the chest as well as oil
(seed) in cases of 'inversion' of the
‫ننخه‬ heart.

Iranian and
African C.
copticum
oil

essential
oil

fruit oil

18.   Hindaba Endive cichorium Endive is cold in It is plastered on the chest Leaves
intybus the last phase of the with barley flour in cases of
linn first degree. palpitation. It strengthens
Its dry part is dry in the heart.
the first degree and
moist part is moist
in the last phase of
the first degree.
Cultivated variety
is relatively more
cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and
inclines towards
 linn first degree. palpitation. It strengthens
Its dry part is dry in the heart.
the first degree and
moist part is moist
in the last phase of
‫الهندباء‬ the first degree. Roots
Cultivated variety
is relatively more
cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and methanolic
inclines towards extract of
heat seeds
in summer season.
Endive has nothing
to do with such
changes
therapeutically.
Wild endive, which
is also called
[arakhshaqiiq,
is less moist.

19.   Tanbitl Betel Piper betle It is cold in the first It strengthens cardiac leaf
leaves Linn. degree and dry in orifice.
‫أوراق التنبول‬ the second degree. Ini memperkuat lubang
jantung

Leaf is
considered
to provide
strength to
the heart
(cardio
tonic) and
regulates
irregular
heart beat
and blood
pressure

20.   Zaranbad Long Curcuma It is hot and dry in A cardiac tonic

‫ زردوي‬zeodary zeodaria the third degree.
20.   Long Curcuma It is hot and dry in A cardiac tonic
‫زردوي‬ zeodary zeodaria the third degree.

Investigati
on on the
chemical
component
s in the
hexane and
dichlorome
thane
fractions

21.   Zafaran saffron Crocus It is hot in the A cardiac tonic

‫زعفران‬ sativus linn second and dry in
the first degree.
22.   Fustuq Pistachio Pistacia It is said that it is strengthens cardiac orifice the
nut vera linn warmer than walnut chlorophyll
which is hot in the content
last phase of the
second degree. It
possesses some
moistness also.
Some people
consider pistachio
to be cold but this
is not true.

‫الفستق‬ In the fatty

acid
compositio
n of the oil
samples
23.   Kafur Camphor Camphora It is cold and dry It forms one of the  fruits
officinaru in the third degree. ingredients of some cardiac
m (wood) remedies

‫كافور‬ leaves
 Komponen kimia flav asam tannin alkaloid asam asam terpen
fenolat lemak sinamat

Geranyl acetate was the compound monoterpe

with the highest relative abundance. ne
The second compound for relative
abundance was the 1,8-cineole. Other
compounds with high relative
abundance were α-terpinyl
acetate, methyleugenol, linalool, α-
terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-
humulene, Trans-caryophyllene
oxide, and humulene epoxide II.

Alkaloids, Glycoside, Flavonoids, v v v

tannins, Protein, Tannins and chebulinic
Phenolic, Ascorbic acid, chebulinic acid
acid, chebulagic acid, 3-ethylgallic
acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid,
corilagin.
 have 28% of the total tannins v
distributed in the whole plant. The
fruit contains two hydrolysable
tannins emblicanin-A (37%) and -B
(33%)

Anthocyanins, malic acid, tartaric v

and citric acid, Anthocyan
ins

anthocyanin, ellagic acid, myricetin v

Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, exhibited Sesquiterp

higher percentage of (E) β- farnesene ene
(10.4%) followed by ageratochromene
(9.7%), spiro [4.5] decan-1-one, 6-
hydroxy (9.5%), -caryophyllene
(8.6%) and spiro [4.5] decan-6-ol, 6-
methyl (8.2%)

Total flavonoids were found to be v

present in maximum amount in NHM
extract whereas the other
phytoconstituents were found to be
present in the following order: total
flavonoids > total terpenoids > total
phenolic > total alkaloids > total
saponin > total tannin > total steroids

A total of thirty six chemical terpen 

constituents were identified and
linalool (69.87%) was found to be
the major constituent. Other main
identified constituents included
 terpen 

identified constituents included

geraniol (9.75%), p-allylanisole
(6.02%), 1,8–cineole (4.90%), trans–
α–bergamotene (2.36%) and neryl
acetate (1.24%).
methyl cinnamate (70.1%), linalool v
(17.5%), β-elemene (2.6%) and
camphor (1.52%)

five monoterpenes (7.8%), eleven v

sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (85.9%).
Caryooyllane (24.5%), β-selinene
(13.9%) and valencene (11.7%) are
the major components, followed by δ-
cadinene (8.7%), epi-α-muurolene
(7.6%), α- humulene (6.5%) and α-
copane (4.0%)

Malic acid, apple contains 2-30 mg

ascorbic acid per 100 g. Vitamin C
(mg/100g fresh fruit) varies between
7.19 and 7.89 mg/100g fresh fruit.

eucalyptol (43.7%), phytol (11.5%), monoterpe

α-farnesene (9.6%), and pentacosane n
(7.6%).

The methanolic extract of root part v

possessed higher phenolic content
phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, v v v
dicaffeoyl quinic, hydroxibenzoic),
terpenes (alantolactone) and different
flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin
gallate, ferulic acid-4-O-glucoside,
dihydroquercetin pentosyl rutinoside,
kaempherol-7-O-dipentoside,
quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside)

Hydrolyzable tannins including v

ellagitannins and gallotannin.
punicalagin is the major hydrolyzable
tannin present in pomegranates

30.12% punicic asit(C18:3), 28.92 %

linoleic acid(C18:2); 19.01 % oleic
acid(C18:1); 10.12 % palmitic acid
(C16:0); 3.92 % beheric acid(C20:0)

ursolic acid is at the rate of 0.45% triterpenoi

d
pentasiklik

0.6% ursolic acid , polyholoside at the

rate of 2.58%
Anthraquinones/anthrones : Aloe-
emodin, aloetic-acid, anthranol, aloin
A and B (or collectively known as
barbaloin), isobarbaloin, emodin, ester
of cinnamic acid.
cinnamic acids and other derivatives v
(e.g., caffeic & chlorogenic acids),
chromones (e.g., aloesin &
isoaloeresin D), anthracene
compounds and derivatives (e.g., aloin
A/B and emodin), and several C-
flavonoids (e.g., orientin & isovitexin)

flavonoid 15,6%; phenolic acids

7,9%; ash 1,24%;

2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one v
derivatives,terpenoids, flavonoids etc.,
in which 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-
chromen-4-one derivatives and
sesquiterpenes are the two
predominant constituents in agarwood

α-pinene, E-β-ocimene,terpinolene, α- monoterpe
terpineol,eugenol, β-cubenene, β- n
caryophyllene, γ-muurolene,-
muurolene,epi-cubebol, and -cubebol,
and δ-cadinene in less quantity.
steroids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins,
terpenoids alkaloids, inulins, phenolic
compounds,B-carotene, glycosides,
carotenoids, reducing sugars,
phlobatannins, anthraquinones and
cardiac glycosides with steroidal ring
and deoxy–sugar. Beside these
polyphenols, quinones, coumarins,
and catechins

phenolic compounds, terpenoids,

saponins, carbohydrates,
anthraquinones and sterols.
thymol (25.64%), carvacrol (14.36%), m
γ-terpinene (11.24%) and p-cymene
(10.24%).

thymol (45.9%), 𝛾-terpinene (20.6%), m

and o-cymene (19%)

thymol (39.1%), p-cymene (30.8%), m

𝛾-terpinene (23.2%), 𝛽- pinene
(1.7%), and terpinene-4-ol (0.8%)

p-cymene (41.98%), carvacrol m

(45.20%), and thymol (0.48%)
p-cyme-3-ol (38.00%), o-cymene m
(37.44%), gamma-terpines (21.07%)
and beta-pinene (1.42%)

Gallic acid 1.96 Protocatechuic acid asam

2.50 Chlorogenic acid 17.84 P. hidroksisi
hydroxybenzoic acid 11.04 Caffeic namat
acid 35.22 Iso vanillic acid 1.97 p.
coumaric acid 9.65 Unknown
compound 19.46
Protocatechuic acid 1.77 Chlorogenic asam
acid 10.85 Caffeic acid 24.36 m. hidroksisin
coumaric acid 27.90 p. coumaric acid amat
25.03 Unknown compound 10.09

18 alpha,19 beta-20(30)-taraxasten- triterpenoi

3beta,21alpha-diol (cichoridiol) and d
17-epi-methyl-6-hydroxyangolensate
(intybusoloid), lupeol, friedelin, beta-
sitosterol, stigmasterol, betulinic acid,
betulin, betulinaldehyde, syringic
acid, vanillic acid) 6,7-
dihydroxycoumarin, and methyl-
alpha-D-galactopyranoside

Piperol-A, Piperol-B, methyl piper phenol v

betlol. an essential oil composing of chavibetol
terpinen-4-ol, safrole, allyl
pyrocatechol monoacetate, eugenol,
eugenyl acetate, hydroxyl chavicol,
eugenol, piper betol and the betle oil
contains cadinene carvacrol, allyl
catechol, chavicol, p-cymene,
caryophyllene, chavibetol, cineole,
estragol.betle phenol (Chavibetol and
Chavicol)

Essential oil (0.08-0.2%), Tannin v

(0.1-1.3%), Alkaloid (arakene).
Vitamin-C (0.005-0.01%), Nicotinic
acid (0.63- 0.89mg/100gms), Vitamin-
A (1.9- 2.9mg/100gms), Thiamine
(10-70μg/100gms), Riboflavin (1.9-
30μg/100gms) beside this it contains
minerals such as Calcium (0.2-0.5%),
Iron (0.005-0.007), Iodine
(3.4μg/100gms), Phosphorus (0.05-
0.6%),essential oil composing of
safrole, allyl pyrocatechol
monoacetate, eugenol, terpinen-4-ol,
eugenyl acetate,

 The major compounds of the oil is terpenoid

camphor (49.51 %), isobornyl
alcohol (12.66 %), borneol (4.23 %),
furanodiene (3.61 %), furanodienone
(3.49 %), 1,8-cineole (3.42 %),
camphene (2.28 %), β-pinene (1.75
%), 2-nonanon (0.76 %) and
germacrene- D (1.19 %)
 The major compounds of the oil is terpenoid
camphor (49.51 %), isobornyl
alcohol (12.66 %), borneol (4.23 %),
furanodiene (3.61 %), furanodienone
(3.49 %), 1,8-cineole (3.42 %),
camphene (2.28 %), β-pinene (1.75
%), 2-nonanon (0.76 %) and
germacrene- D (1.19 %)

labda-8(17),12 diene-15,16 dial, v

dehydrocurdion, curcumenone,
comosone II, curcumenol,
procurcumenol, germacrone,
zerumbone epoxide,zederone,9-
isopropylidene-2,6-dimethyl-11-
oxatricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undec-6-en-8-
ol, furanodiene, germacrone-4,5-
epoxide, calcaratarin A,
isoprocurcumenol,germacrone-1,10-
epoxide, zerumin A, curcumanolide a
curcuzedoalide, and gweicurculactone.

The major components of C.

zedoaria rhizome oil are 1,8-
cineole (7.0–38.4%),
curzerenone/epi-curzerenone
(20.9–29.4%), α-copaene (17.4%),
camphor (8.6–8.8%), β-
caryophyllene (8.8%), elemol
(6.8%), germacrone (6.7%),
curzerene (5.9%), and β-elemene
(5.5%)
 The volatiles consist of more than 34 monoterpe
components that are terpenes, terpene noid
alcohols and their esters among which
safranal is the main component.
Non-volatile compounds comprise
crocins, crocetin, picrocrocin and
flflavonoids (quercetin and
kaempferol)

15 to 72 mg pheophytin/kg oil and the

carotenoid content was 5.4 to
11.5 mg/kg.

oleic acid was the main fatty acid v

(52.5–63.9%), followed by linoleic
acid (27.1–37.2%), palmitic acid (4.6–
10.3%), palmitoleic acid (0.6–1.2%),
stearic acid (0.1–1.3%) and linolenic
acid (0.3–0.4%)

α-pinene (31.5%), α-terpinolene monoter

(20.2%), myrcene (11.5%), pen
pinocarvone (6.2%) and camphene
(4.8%).
 D-camphor (51.3%), 1,8-cineole v
(4.3%), and α-terpineol (3.8%), while
D-camphor (28.1%), linalool (22.9%),
and 1,8-cineole (5.3%)

D-camphor (40.54%), linalool

(22.92%), cineole (11.26%), and
3,7,11-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6,10-
dodecadien-1-yl acetate (4.50%

5 5 2 2 2 3 15
kuinon Jurnal komponen kimia Efek terhadap Jantung

Chemical Composition of Myrtle (MyrtusAntioxidants

communis L.)areBerries
of interest to biologists
Essential Oils as and
Observed in a Collection of Genotyp
clinicians because they help to protect the
human body against damages induced by
reactive free radicals generated in ischemic
heart disease

Journal of pharmacognosy and Amla fruit been reported have significant

phytochemistry. 2018. pharmacognostical antihyperlipidemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-
study of amalaki. Sadhana dan vinay atherogenic effect. Treatment with Emblica
officinalis caused significant reduction of
Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density
Lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and a
significant increase in High Density
Lipoprotein (HDL) levels in patients with
type II hyperlipidemia

It strengthens the heart muscles and causes a

significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol and
triglycerides. A 500 mg capsule of dried Amla
powder can be added to your daily routine
after consulting with doctor. High vitamin-C
helps control blood pressure. Amla choorna
(powder) or in the form of triphala tablets or
decoction. Triphala, a combination of Amla
and two other herbs is an excellent medication
for high blood Pressure
 decoction. Triphala, a combination of Amla
and two other herbs is an excellent medication
for high blood Pressure

salil k Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya A, Cardio-protective Activity:

Sairam K, Ghosal S,

Effect of bioactive tannoid principles of The effects of chronic oral administration of

Emblica officinalis on ischemia- reperfusion fresh fruit homogenate of Amla on
induced oxidative stress in rat myocardial antioxidant system and oxidative
heart,Phytomedicine.2002;9(2):171-4. stress induced by ischemic -reperfusion injury
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis): (IRI) were investigated on heart in rats.
Complete pharmacognosy review Chronic Emblica officinalis administration
produces myocardial adaptation by
augmenting endogenous antioxidants and
protects rat hearts from oxidative stress
associated with IRI

Physical and Chemical Properties of Some
European Plum Cultivars. Ionica M. E. et
al. / Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2013,
41(2):499-503
 Plums have been shown to possess
antioxidant and antiallergic properties, and
consumption is associated with improved
cognitive function, bone health parameters
and cardiovascular risk factors

Evaluation of the Phytochemical,

Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anticancer
Activity of Prunus domestica Fruit Hossam
S. EL-BELTAGI1,2*, Abeer E. EL-
ANSARY1, Mai A. MOSTAFA3, Teba A.
KAMEL3, Gehan SAFWAT

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Lipid levels were significantly attenuated by

Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil
of Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines from
India Abhay K. Pandey, Manindra Mohan,
Pooja Singh and Nijendra. N. Tripathi. Rec.
Nat. Prod. 9:2 (2015) 224-23. acg
publication
Chemical constituents, antihyperglycemic
and antioxidant effects of Nepeta
hindostana whole herb in alloxan and
OGTT induced
diabetes in rats
Sushma Kainsa and Randhir Singh*Journal
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research,
2015, 7(9):920-932
different doses of extracts. The histology of
blood vessels also proved the effectiveness of
both extracts (at dose 400 mg/kg) in case of
dyslipidemia induced by cholesterol diet. The
results indicate that antidyslipidemic effect of
the plant extracts was meditated through the
inhibition of biosynthesis, absorption and
secretion of lipids. This may be possibly due
partly to the presence of antioxidant
constituents in this plat

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. The alcoholic extract exhibited a cardiotonic
Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2015, Pages effect and the aqueous extract produced a β
645-649 Chemical composition and -adrenergic effect.
antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated
from Omani basil (Ocimum
 from Omani basil (Ocimum
basilicum Linn.) Dalia
WaleedAlAbbasyaNirmalPathareaJamal
NasserAl-SabahibShah AlamKhana.
Nat https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-
Prod Res. 2012;26(12):1112-8.
doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.545357. Epub
2011 Sep 22. Chemical composition of the
essential oil from basil (Ocimum basilicum
Linn.) and its in vitro cytotoxicity against
HeLa and HEp-2 human cancer cell lines
and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
Kathirvel P1, Ravi S.

Volatile compounds of essential oil

Centaurea behen L. grown in Iran
Akbar Esmaeili1,* , Elham Khodadadi.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences (JPS)
Spring 2012 Vol.3, No.2 ISSN 2008-
4978

Chemical Composition of the Fruits of The effects of regular feeding of Pyrus malus
Several Apple Cultivars Growth as (apple) whole fruit and its juice on total serum
Biological Crop Gheorghe CAMPEANU cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL
1) , Gabriela NEATA2) , Gina cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids
DARJANSCHI2). Available online at have been studied in normal albino rabbits. It
www.notulaebotanicae.ro Not. Bot. Hort. was observed that the whole fruit as well as
Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009, 161-164. juice caused significant and progressive
Campeanu, G. et al. ./ Not. Bot. Hort. decrease in total serum cholesterol, LDL
Agrobot. Cluj 37 (2) 2009, 161-164 cholesterol and triglycerides within a period
Chemical Composition and In Vitro of 30 days
Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oil of
Leaves of Malus domestica Growing in
Western Himalaya (India). Mayanka
Walia,1 Tavleen S. Mann,1 Dharmesh
Kumar,2 Vijai K. Agnihotri,1 and Bikram
Singh1. Hindawi Publishing Corporation.
Evidence-Based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine. Volume 2012, Article
ID 649727, 6 pages.
doi:10.1155/2012/649727

Rupam Bharti et al. / Journal of Pharmacy

Research 2012,5(8),4278-4287
 Antioxidant and chemical properties of
Inula helenium root extracts. Cent. Eur. J.
Chem. • 11(10) • 2013 • 1699-1709 DOI:
10.2478/s11532-013-0295-3. Iuliana
Spiridon1, Constantin Bogdan Nechita2,
Marius Niculaua3, Mihaela Silion1, Alice
Armatu4, Carmen-Alice Teacă1*, Ruxanda
Bodîrlău

Rahmani AH, Alsahli MA, Almatroodi SA.
Active Constituents of Pomegranates
(Punica granatum) as Potential Candidates
in the Management of Health through
Modulation of Biological Activities.
Pharmacog J. 2017;9(5):689-95.
Demir H, Demir B.B (2018) Comparison of
Chemical Composition of Pomegranate
(Punica
Granatum L.) and Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.)
Seed Oils Obtained By Extraction. J Adv
Food Technol 1(2): 202
The main part of pomegranate seed oil is
punicic acid having anti-atherogenic effect
Pomegranate juice has been widely accepted
for its high-level antioxidant activity and is
effective in atherosclerosis inhibition. Animal
trial systems and human clinical trials suggest
that pomegranate juice have anti-atherogenic
activity in atherosclerotic mice and humans s.
in their in-vivo investigation indicated that
pomegranate was beneficial for heart
conditions and blood vessels, including heart
attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
congestive heart failure (CHF), and
atherosclerosis

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol.

6(40), pp. 5306-5310, 17 October, 2012
Available online at
http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR
DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.577 ISSN 1996-
0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Review
Chemical composition of the plant Punica
granatum L. (Pomegranate) and its effect on
heart and cancer Sharrif Moghaddasi
Mohammad1 and Hamed Haddad Kashani

v Review Article ISSN: 2394-613X Aloe vera

its medicinal uses: A review Dr. B. Nirmala
Kumari, Dr.M.Sharmila .International
Journal of Pharmacology and
Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015; Vol2,
Issue6, 16-21
Research Article Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aloe vera from the Pica Oasis (Tarapaca´, Chile) b

A Review on Ethanomedical Uses,

Phytochemicals and Pharmacological
Profile of Bambusa arudinacea Retz:
VISHAL SONI*1, ARUN KUMAR JHA2,
JAYA DEWEDI. Indian Journal of Novel
Drug delivery 4(4), Oct-Dec, 2012, 264-271

Review Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activity of Agarwood and Aquilaria Plants Shuai Wang 1,2,† ID ,

Indian J Pharm Sci. 2013 Jul-Aug; 75(4): 457–462.

doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.119834
di webnya gabisa download

Chemical Composition, In
Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant
Activities of the Essential Oils of Ocimum
Gratissimum, O. Sanctum and their Major
Constituents

R. K. Joshi
Sandeep Pandey, Phytochemical
Constituents, Pharmacological and
Traditional Uses of Ocimum Gratissimum L
in Tropics, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(11).

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils C. copticum has remarkable role in heart rate
of Carum copticum. S. Ghadimian &F. and blood pressure. Thymol also made fall in
Esmaeili Pages 1834-1836 | Received 11 blood pressure and heart rate. Negative
Nov 2014, Accepted 15 May 2015, inotropic and chronotropic effects due to
Published online: 14 Dec administration of 1–10 mg/kg thymol in mice
2016 https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.201 were shown which lead to decrease in blood
4.989187
Review Article Carum pressure.
copticum L.: A Herbal It was
Medicine suggested
with Variousthat this effect of Effects. Hindawi Publishing Cor
Pharmacological

Vitamins & Minerals. Chemical

Composition, Essential Oil Characterization
and Antimicrobial Activity of Carum
copticum Hassan W* , Gul S, Rehman S,
Noreen H, Shah Z, Mohammadzai I and
Zaman B Institute of Chemical Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Chemical and Technological Studies on The vasorelaxant activities of chicoric acid

Chicory (Cichorium Intybus L) and Its from Cichorium intybus along with caffeic
Applications in Some Functional Food acid were studied in isolated rat aorta strips.
Mona, I. Massoud1 ; Wafaa, A. Amin2 and chicoric acid , a diester composed of (S,S)-
Elgindy, A. A3. Vol. 14 (3), 2009 tartaric acid and caffeic acid, showed slow
relaxation activity against norepinephrine
(NE)-induced contraction of rat aorta
with/without endothelium.
Applications in Some Functional Food acid were studied in isolated rat aorta strips.
Mona, I. Massoud1 ; Wafaa, A. Amin2 and chicoric acid , a diester composed of (S,S)-
Elgindy, A. A3. Vol. 14 (3), 2009 tartaric acid and caffeic acid, showed slow
relaxation activity against norepinephrine
(NE)-induced contraction of rat aorta
with/without endothelium.

IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy

www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-
ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 6, Issue 3 (March
2016), PP. 41-56 41 Medical importance of
Cichorium intybus – A review Prof Dr Ali
Esmail Al-Snafi Department of
Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi
qar University, Iraq.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Taken together, the biochemical and

Phytochemistry 2014; 3(4): 93-98. Vandana functional parameters indicate that P. betle
Dwivedi, Shalini Tripathi. Review study on 150 and 300 mg/kg has a significant
potential activity of Piper betle cardioprotective effect against ISP-induced
myocardial infarction

Isoproterenol (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p., 7 days)

induced cardiac hypertrophy in experimental
rats which were simultaneously treated with
ISSN 2278- 4136 ZDB-Number: 2668735-5 The effect of PB chewing can be observed
IC Journal No: 8192 Volume 1 Issue 6 within minutes15, which includes cardio-
Online Available at www.phytojournal.com acceleration, sweating and salivation. It
Journal of Pharmacognosy and induces catecholamine secretion from the
Phytochemistry Vol. 1 No. 6 2013 adrenal cortex contributing to increase in
www.phytojournal.com Page | 147 Golden stamina, heart rate, blood pressure, blood
Heart of the Nature: Piper betle L. D. glucose levels and sympathetic neural
Pradhan1*, Dr. K. A. Suri2 , Dr. D. K. activity. Platelet hyperactivity is important in
Pradhan3 and P. Biswasroy the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
due to intravascular thrombosis. Piperbetol,
methylpiperbetol, piperol A and piperol B,
isolated from PB, selectively inhibited
platelet aggregation induced by platelet
activating factor (PAF) in a concentration-
dependent manner.

Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on lipid levels
of White Turmeric (Curcuma was determined by oral administration to rats
zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) from Indonesia for 12 consecutive days, after which
and its Toxicity toward Artemia hyperlipidemia was induced by injecting
salina Leach. Rurini Retnowati,Moh. Farid poloxamer 407 48 h prior to blood collection.
Rahman &Dore Yulia. Pages 393-396 | It was found to be effective in reducing TC
Received 27 May 2012, Accepted 21 Nov levels after 12 days of pretreatment with
2012, Published online: 20 Aug extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body
2014https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.201 wt. reduced by 17.1% and 19.65%
4.895196
Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oils The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on lipid levels
of White Turmeric (Curcuma was determined by oral administration to rats
zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe) from Indonesia for 12 consecutive days, after which
and its Toxicity toward Artemia hyperlipidemia was induced by injecting
salina Leach. Rurini Retnowati,Moh. Farid poloxamer 407 48 h prior to blood collection.
Rahman &Dore Yulia. Pages 393-396 | It was found to be effective in reducing TC
Received 27 May 2012, Accepted 21 Nov levels after 12 days of pretreatment with
2012, Published online: 20 Aug extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body
2014https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.201 wt. reduced by 17.1% and 19.65%
4.895196

Research Article Cytotoxic Constituents from the Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi,1,2 Sy

Variations in the Volatile Compositions

of Curcuma Species Noura S. Dosoky 1 ,
Prabodh Satyal 2 and William N. Setzer
1,2. Foods 2019, 8, 53;
doi:10.3390/foods8020053

Result revealed that myocardial injury

preserved nearly normal tissue architecture
with saffron or safranal pretreatment. Rat
model based study has confirmed that whole
saffron pretreatment or its individual
constituents such as safranal pretreatment
considerably decrease the serum LDH and
CK-MB level, as well as myocardial lipid
peroxidation as compared to isoproterenol –
Constituents of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Based on the in vitro and in vivo supportive
as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of scientific evidence, crocin in a dose-
Anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. dependent manner (1–10 M) had
Nikolaos Pitsikas. Molecules 2016, 21, 303; cytoprotective effect against hydrogen
doi:10.3390/molecules21030303 peroxide-induced endothelial cells injury and
www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules contributed in reducing cardiovascular related
disorders

Oil quality of pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) In someinstudies,

grown it has beenIran
East Azarbaijan, determined that
Farnaz Yahyavia , Mohammad Alizadeh-Khal
the pistachio nut is beneficial in the
continuation of mechanisms that provide
maintenance of body health, such as anti-
inflammatory activity, glycemic control, and
endothelial functions, and it has also been
shown to prevent the oxidation of low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol and to have a
protective role against chronic diseases such
as cancer and cardiovascular disease. With a
potassium content of 10.05 mg/gram, which
is higher than other types of peanut, the
sodium content of the pistachio nut may play
a role in balancing the blood pressure by
reducing the need for salt

Studies have shown that pistachios can

improve blood lipid profiles in subjects with
moderate hypercholesterolemia, and in turn,
reduce the risk of CVDs. Some clinical trials
with statins suggest that this will result in a
reduction of 9-12% in the risk of CHD.
Protein, dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium,
vitamin K, g-tocopherol, and a number of
Chemical composition of the essential oils
phytochemicals are beneficial for the heart,
from the hulls of Pistacia vera L. by using
and are abundant in pistachios. Replacement
magnetic nanoparticle assisted microwave
of low-fat snacks with pistachios about 20%
(MW) distillation: comparison with routine
of the daily energy intake modifies systemic
MW and conventional hydrodistillation
hemodynamics, increases heart rate
variability, and reduces ambulatory blood
Hamid Hashemi-Moghaddam,*a   Majid pressure in adults with well-controlled type 2
Mohammdhosseinib  and  Mohammad diabetes. Pistachio-enriched treatment diets
Salar   
a significantly decreased serum oxidized-LDL
in participants; this was related to the control
Analitycal. Methods, 2014,6, 2572-2579 of diet. Oxidized-LDL is recognized as a
contributing factor in the initiation and
https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY42180E progression of CVD
 The Chemical Composition of Essential
Oils from Cinnamomum camphora and
Their Insecticidal Activity against the
Stored Product Pests Shanshan Guo 1 ,
Zhufeng Geng 1,2, Wenjuan Zhang 1 ,
Junyu Liang 1 , Chengfang Wang 1,*,
Zhiwei Deng 1,2 and Shushan DuInt. J.
Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1836;
doi:10.3390/ijms17111836

Chemical Constituents and Insecticidal

Activities of the Essential Oil of
Cinnamomum camphora Leaves
against Lasioderma serricorne. Hai Ping
Chen,1,2 Kai Yang,1 Chun Xue You,1
Ning Lei,3 Rui Qi Sun,4 Zhu Feng
Geng,4 Ping Ma,3 Qian Cai,2 Shu Shan
Du,1 and Zhi Wei Deng4
1
 Jurnal efek

Phytochemistry and pharmacological

properties of Myrtus communis L. Jinous
Asgarpanah* & Arefeh Ariamanesh Indian
Journal of Traditional Knowledge

Vol. 14(1), January 2015, pp. 82-87

Hasan et al., International Current

Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2016, 5(2):
14-21

http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue2/02.pdf

Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and

traditional uses of Emblica officinalis: A
review
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis):
Complete pharmacognosy review. 1 Kaushik
Vilas Kulkarni, 2 Shrishail M Ghurghure.
International Journal of Chemistry Studies .
Volume 2; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 05-
11
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL
IMPORTANCE OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS

R. Jain *, R. Pandey, R. N. Mahant and D.S.

Rathore

Jain et al., IJPSR, 2015; Vol. 6(1): 72-84. DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(1).72-84

Phytother Res. 2016 May;30(5):701-31. doi:

10.1002/ptr.5581. Epub 2016 Mar 16. A
Systematic Review on the Health Effects of
Plums (Prunus domestica and Prunus salicina).
Igwe EO1, Charlton KE1.

Devi S, Singh R, Assessment of lipid lowering

effect of Nepeta hindostana herb extract in
experimentally induced dyslipidemia, Journal
of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism
(2017), doi: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.08.002.

June 2004. Indian Journal of,Pharmacology 36(3):163-166 Cardiac stimulant activity of Ocimum basilicum Linn. extracts
Modulatory Effects of Some Fruit Juices on
Lipid Profile in Rats Fed with High Lipid Diet
Habibu Tijjani1*, Enoch Banbilbwa Joel2 and
Carrol Domkat Luka. Asian Journal of
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
3(2): 1-8, 2020; Article no.AJBGMB.53866
ISSN: 2582-3698
Punica Granatum with Multiple Effects in Chronic Diseases Aida Doostkama , Shahindokht Bassiri-Jahromib , and Kamyar Irava
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 569087, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10

Medical importance of Cichorium intybus – A

review Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snaf. IOSR
Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-
ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219
Volume 6, Issue 3 (March 2016), PP. 41-56
Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-
ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219
Volume 6, Issue 3 (March 2016), PP. 41-56

Toxicol Mech Methods. 2010 Nov;20(9):564-71. doi: 10.3109/15376516.2010.514962. Epub 2010 Sep 16. Effect of Piper betle

Effect of hydroethanolic extract of Piper betle in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy Doss VA* , Sreeja Jeevan, Madhum

Piper betle Linn. a maligned Pan-Asiatic plant

with an array of pharmacological activities and
prospects for drug discovery Nikhil Kumar1,*,
Pragya Misra2 , Anuradha Dube2 , Shailja
Bhattacharya2 , Madhu Dikshit3 and Shirish
Ranade. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 99, NO.
7, 10 OCTOBER 2010

RESEARCH ARTICLE
PHYTOPREVENTIVE
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF
CURCUMA ZEDOARIA A.R. Srividya1 *,
S.P. Dhanabal2 , Ajit Kumar Yadav3 , M.N.
Sathish Kumar4 and V.J. Vishnuvarthan.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research
2012;2(1):22-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
PHYTOPREVENTIVE
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF
CURCUMA ZEDOARIA A.R. Srividya1 *,
S.P. Dhanabal2 , Ajit Kumar Yadav3 , M.N.
Sathish Kumar4 and V.J. Vishnuvarthan.
Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research
2012;2(1):22-5

C. zedoaria rhizome oil
is mainly composed of
sesquiterpenoids (80–
85%) and
monoterpenoids (15–
20%). The reported
major components of C.
zedoaria rhizome EO
include epicurzerene
(19.0–46.6%),
curzerene (10.4%),
curdione (7.0–19.6%),
[7,109,110],
curzerenone (22.3–
31.6%) [111,112],
debromofiliforminol
Chemical
(31.5%) [13], 1,8- Compositi
cineole (18.5–40.8%), on and
β-sesquiphellandrene Biological
(21.5%), p-cymene Activities
(18.4%), curcumenene of
(18.7%), and α- Essential
Oils
phellandrene (14.9%) of Curcum
[17,37]. α-Terpinyl a Species.
acetate (8.4%), Nutrients.
isoborneol (7.0%), 2018 Sep;
dehydrocurdione (9.0%) 10(9):
1196.
and selina-4(15),7(11)- Published
dien-8-one (9.4%) are online
the main components in 2018 Sep
the leaf oil  1. doi:
Rahmani AH, Khan AA, Aldebasi YH. Saffron 10.3390/n
(Crocus sativus) and its Active Ingredients: u1009119
Role in the Prevention and Treatment of 6
Disease. Pharmacog J. 2017;9(6):873-9.
Saffron; An updated review on biological properties with special focus on cardiovascular effects Samad Ghaffari, Neda Roshan

Volume 109, January 2019, Pages 21-27

Koyuncu İ, Koçyiğit A, Dikme R, Selek Ş.

Phyotherapeutic Properties of Urfa Pistachio
Nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Bezmialem Science
2018; 6(3): 200-5.

A review on pistachio: Its composition and

benefits regarding the prevention or treatment
of diseases Ghaseminasab Parizi M, BSc1 ,
Ahmadi A, MSc2 , Mazloomi SM, PhD.
JOHE, Winter 2015; 4 (1)
no temperamen tanaman efek metabolit
1 panas kering nepeta hindoostana exhilarant, tonic for the terpen (sesquiterpen b-
heart, removes palpitation farnesen) dan flavonoid (

centauria behman tonic and removes terpen (sesquiterpen

palpitation caryooyllen)

doruniam hookeri strength the heart, removes asam fenolat

palpitation

enula helenium attenuant and strength the phenolic acids (caffeic,

heart chlorogenic, dicaffeoyl
quinic, hydroxibenzoic),
aloe littoralis strength the heart asam sinamat
terpenes (caffeic and
(alantolactone)
chlorogenic
and differentacid) dan
flavonoids
kuinon (aloe emodin,
(epicatechin, catechin
barbaloin)
gallate, ferulic acid-4-O-
glucoside,
aloe wood strength the heart terpen (sesquiterpen)
dihydroquercetin pentosyl
carum copticum removing the pus rutinoside, kaempherol-7-
terpen (thymol, p chyme)
inversion of the heart O-dipentoside, quercetin-
3-O-β-glucopyranoside)

curcuma zedoaria cardiac tonic terpen (camphor,

curcumenone)
crocus sativus cardiac tonic terpen (monoterpen
safranal, crocin)
2 cold dry camphora officinarum cardiac remedies terpen (fruit) (d-camphor)

piper betle strength cardiac orifice asam fenolat (chavibetol),

terpen (terpinen-4-ol) ,
tanin
bambosa arudinacea strength the heart and flavonoid
usefull in hot palpitation
punica granatum palpitation and cleanse the tanin (punicalagin,
heart ellagitanin, gallotanin) ,
lemak (punicic acid),
terpen (ursolic acid
triterpen)
emblica officinalis strength and purifies the tanin (emblicanin a dan b,
heart chebulinic acid), flavonoid,
alkaloid
myrtus communis strength the heart and terpen (geranyl acetate
removes palpitation monoterpen)
3 cold moist prunus domestica removes inflammation of flavonoid (antocyanin)
the heart
pyrus malus strengthens the heart, in terpen (eucalyptol
case of excessive hotness monoterpen)
in the heart.
4 hot moist pistacia vera strength cardiac orifice terpen (a pinene
monoterpen) dan asam
lemak (asam oleat)
5 blm tau
It is hot from first to ocimum basilicum It is a powerful tonic for asam sinamat (metil
second degree and dry the heart, the juice is very sinamat) dan terpen
in the beginning, of useful for blood spitting (linalool)
the first degree with
superfluousmoistness
which makes it cool
upto the second
degree. This property
is, however, not found
in it.

The variety of basil ocimum grutlssimum palpitation attributes to terpen (a pinene), dkk
called qalhamdn is the presence of phlegm
comparatively more and black bile in the heart
moderate in
temperament than the
sweet marjoram and
sweet basil. It is also
mildly desiccant.

Endive is cold in the cichorium intybus palpitation and strengthens asam sinamat (caffeic acid,
last phase of the first the heart. m coumaric acid) dan
degree.Its dry part is terpen (cichordiol,
dry in the first degree intibusoloid)
and moist part is moist
in the last phase of the
first degree.
Cultivated variety is
relatively more cold
and moist. Its
bitterness gets
intensified and
inclines towards heat
in summer season.
Endive has nothing to
do with such changes
therapeutically. Wild
endive, which is also
called [arakhshaqiiq,
is less moist.
 temp terpen
terpen sesquiterpen b-famesen,
sesquiterpen caryooyllen,
alatolacton, sesquiterpen,
thymol, p chyme, camphor,
curcumenone, monoterpen
safranal, crocin 5 (sesquiterpen
b famesen,
1 (sesquiterpen
sesquiterpen
7 exhilarant b famesen)
caryooyllen,
flav katekin camphor
curcumenon,
monoterpen
safranal, crocin,
2 tonic linalool)
fenolat caffeic, chlorogenic
2 palpitation vvvvvvv
sinamat caffeic, chlorogenic
1 strength vvvvvvv
kuinon aloe emodin, barbaloin

1 attenuant v
remove pus inversion v

remedies v

orifice vv

hot palpitation
terpen d-camphor, terpinen 4 ol,
ursolic acid triterpen,
geranyl acetat monoterpen
4 cleanse v
fenolat chavibetol

1 purifies
tanin punicalagin, ellagitanin,
3 gallotanin, emblicanin inflamation
flav

2 excessive hotness v
lemak punicic acid

1 blood spitting v
alkaloid
1
flav antocyanin
1
terpen eucalyptol monoterpen

1
terpen dan a pinene dan asam oleat
asam
lemak

terpen linalool, a pinene, cichordiol

3
sinamat metil sinamat, caffeic acid,
coumaric acid)

2
flav fenolat sinamat kuinon alkaloid lemak tanin

1 (metil
1 sinamat)

v v v v v

vvv vv vv v v v

v v

v v v

v v

v v v