LAPORAN

PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR

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y.1.
. ltAr
KoA e Pnektikum:/n-1
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+ r963 +

Disusun oleh :
Nama Praktikan , !.q.\t.?r. . *hy.tt vt . .*l!U:.ri. . ...
NIM Praktikan , .9.1.*.??P.9.(.
Kelompok Praktikum . 41,

Asisten Praktikum , .Fi.g:r..Ik.. Lrlqli:,e...

Hart lTanggal :
Pelaksanaan Praktikum . [<onais, to Desamlntr 2Dto

Pengumpulan Laporan , !!rut.1 t. .,.1 . .u.! ::.y? t. .y.?.o. . .. . ..

SEMESTER GASAL
TAM]N AKADEMIK 2A2O/202 I

LABORATORIT]M T'ISIKA I}ASAR

JURUSAN FISIKA
FAKT]LTAS MATEMATIKA DA}[ ILMU PENGETAHUAI\I ALAM
T'NTVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
PT]RWOKERTO
2A.24
 PEN 6qKUTLAN D*'Ar. K PAT-I T€OTEI AL-47
ME KANI
( roea Praktikum' A -r )

I. -[tl:qaN
1. Mo.nentu\qn lua5 gsa/^ Aua liruenti n d^^ [ew t) hmn.
t. AAenmtul.o,n vol,,,vut bendo h'go dirnensi go;tu boLa Logam, knrlrl [og*, h"
t!b:!g b"Wa @rry

[. ae oLr PAJAT'u

?enquVuran *y1ytlh y{yafu r? llf wn gyb g n J i

ryp1 tynLy _
but" ry ._ J __
? "ryyn
tatuan Jik", p. a\ tolan. \alarvl tr{1kr trs-\s*lgn !9Ylg"
Vorl Setuatu or
^hn .9r erLuPon al^ Ve&.litian l",Grm b"' -
l-an. fuatu, yw^tan terhqd, ba"uan rs karqr wtLq2ai bnmn.
l
uVrtran, evatu bs.&rran nsd
v^{l&kuYo,n sebvc,V r\ t{-
-w\v e.

vuVo, tnsbruyvron, tiJakLata naunollin aV+tn nttenl,tpotlFan nibti bznar Yo, tMe-
lainlary te.LtLq berd, VehdoVp,s,ti^n ( Pyonrputro, V a 4 ) .
Kefidal a[ tian &rrnakud il"rL^h tiJoE b;sa rtrtsneny'uuhn hqriL te-
c^r-a te4{ d ^(1 tebuorV e- ran . Y-<saLa}r,.n - \.es oGhao WIV lin wre
t.
<[t

pugeV" V vrtaw'ran,j, ial.ah VeSal.aVan doVm aL"tt u!uc, rne ukuran

\<esaAhan arzLaPs, VesoLohon J^Lovrt v.tfu.on .tt'til. Jan n\Lcti ol,qLo tec-
Vecrl. Cnst). f aYtoc VesaLahc,n Aan bor a Mvl \e fi melt ,(i
l<uvr an MU ruh lon Ve Lan lz.a e w*rt senlrri. 2leh
l(n rev,o itu Ji" rtaV"rn o.Aar^rlo tuc*,u wetodc PeYgYV" rh (, v bzrro,r Selrri a
J" yysvniniyvtat, sir V,Varn- YcsoLol.urn J" t+ f. teLqin i
di e rUrV<rn etorlrrr4an d^rt oLarndn q\q cara q!glaao!+1!
l^a811, ran lo".
ti d", an a ( A*on i,vk, >og).
Nil-"i 6uta,tu beracv,n l"Lrrn il." Me Vz.q l,tosiL VoV otntaa m[tai nu-
rnenk d n [okuan. Srrtuc^n v o-rLl Van ducrtu buaran i tIVa, a Y9- Lelsh Ai-
I nroiYan &o^ l;s p^$ u^tuE hb^^J l.rn de n bztqrart tcrin lot-qm
bwltaq^i pzvtguY-uran" penebapatn tatuan bul-Vq iccarq fntornalionq( luLLaU<; F2-
se Y,'.too ssVi v'nevnu)alnVao AaL,.'n bwVizwunilo$ *erk tit l'aesar-an iJ-
NVvrur4 cq(a vrhmn gabuan, be.ror",n Ji i wrl Aucr crlEu besaran

Puk d^n turunan. betd(an

Vtesaran Fok wleru b"[o.on scrEttan-

n teGV, JiLertuV"n terLilri\ dalwul;u, vvisal b4Saran wqlrtl,

l"^ vvwssa. SeAo, v1 bu^ray-, lurrtv*n h be[aran AVt dutunrr*an loi
btboapa, lt4Saran poboV, wrllalnya Vaq Vol"umst v,Aa,ttd Tgvtf{, 7,an Qiu.lbe-
be-lt\r 4.vr aLo bet^rz^ Lqrumo.n A^ d;.alrr de dr,t-uata
ab."q beturn b^Vr . ?a)^ taVqn t?go, *eLot &s lPvLY* vt€.dv't {atuon lntef-
mali0t^1L a;22 -(! " !ah,^^,n lutermatiaw.a! ?p-uv,ud,rav, Vai li se2.,taL duniq. taLu-
av, l,rrtervtarianc.l Jiturunk^r, ataJ )ot^. b ilnuSav (elAy^t"^ to a+aru b;Lo^wn Je-
S'r,uaL lr_rrytryr\ Jkk, tot4
ht"+ u?-qr vueru vtualdv uuhY VvrauevrtuF-ar,t w]sf
w n +
t_
dr

ah,u be.rarzvr P^4. fuoh, Luo^*'ta at-au uanabtl y 7;s. lVlenuyyl *eori
1nbo, aL<*.
r,tVor terlfri L; J.u vtta4cart/t, gaifit
^L"l uEur arr", hq L- d.,qrhl," ALat ub,ar
anolaq vuovrrL:e,&<u ho,nl LtbqfAn g^rg be.rniki l,ou,hr-ru, co,rltoknSo rkLa yrJa
tcrwo*eter. !td",tn9lc.r, crLot ukar rl,;Titz.L vuevabznkom h"nL ye.ry1uk-uran gqvg
1

berrtiL.i J;rkit. cortlotrrly* e utgwLrra^ aruJ qbatt Lzgor1on A^n yylL<f j:nital,
f
vuL",i <,rtzu J t,, qYan lerLiLot f:yryU, ryJ:y (7 toryto, tsa z). Beberap <
a(r\ uVur y-rg {L}y}g Jnio,r^oFo^ dohnn rabh Lum , urtek y 1-, , ,ZFo I a rzr1 ,
y "i T
wtiFfoyvrtt+r {tba , bqrDr* e{vf, heracd teknis, anl, bu.rur lera
Aa- brb !t?l!4 al.zt ulcur b$^,2, Lilh-ik. ,Ll^t'rvrg- tu1ah'rtg aLo,l n,trewtTLlyt7€;l ftk-
ttil- p t16)0 l)a ratratl l^^ c6 rz yatrtbacaar,, kaSi! ytr,,gul-urrzt, (ALgr,49, lS=zg),
e

M,:tdr woru p^l.o,r, a.Ld\L < [.ur Farl.fa ,,g ga,,J 7r,bt,g (e Jerl,c,acr laot Fyie rrt; tik; q
dc.,;, ql.-,taen gait,a g[.a1* tttar,a lar, ,fto(o l.zrpec,L. f,b.,G kt,n.^ i,J/c, r
al^Lol., lerttiu,iel,cr I cnrT Jr,n tkctG 4(rkec, l-!:vu ,d^{-oh yti Linrcter (mo, ).
daotr,taut

NiLai tkaLa t+rlqcil uitlzr ylaitu t t't')tn. /ylirtar rtttntiL.Li kete[;fi'a n 1ebe;ar o/€milt
ah, crcs c,,, (\fur,,, zcoa).
riltllilluilliltl ilil|iil/ iill I iiti li;, r, il i tll riil IIII illl ltil lill
b+s61 9

z o

fawtbar A1- 1" 1 Ptis|a.r

'Suyuber: lhso"r t zoo6)
1..v, ql.at u^lsur u,ahak meygubr; let2 ?4-
lpn t,rdLu dla,rttttr Ju,c,fia LoLarg elq+ ini ug-
b2n,rl^,, EeA"LaD,*rt ceLah L1"bar,g, /c1tt

w;',i!-; l<ttitan o,oo{ ** (Marcello, t99q). Mibn rue ter ubyy ,ligc,,o,f"ort ^t 1rl,
!ol11orl'ct,- Lttd ^ I ot, ^t t, [,r, { e trt; tebol lain2 teb^L b,w^t, toboL
V ertzrf,, l,n ltb"l roht ["i rorulut (Tippler, @qg). t!::tr::' Laa)itr t t nt ikr t n,r{{r gc, -
..,./

('Jv,Lic,wbg, ?0ru) .

\ambar rYl - l, L Mikotnol,t r

{:9---
 \.^ vvrOiL, t4 {naM nt4 ,1.t h*a't ql--ur htq.m
i0 cu i.
a(LVJ4tI ketetrlran C,, (
ata,, ctotcyyr (ag,rrt ioina ,larn Tikqt utS), Xa1fta
trltn
6ar L + tarrqbo,m ,.tr,tuk m e, ,rb,ril,a at[kr, k€dq[c,tyt6nt ,loq Lt qr Jp -
hr1h bqlJa t,e rte ntc,. {^u, Pc" eilhi ,l^n rlqaG crtarrta,. EPctq naiihl,
raL;,q'y,,g 4 ela1t ttt r,at btttJr,), l-alta rcL, kurtci [*rtcqr (n,en-
J^g^
)t c r,,bunan , Purci L erck iiaL,) ( nie, tur yct)ri) ,lrn ft,ler atzu ekr
( w,t crgr.tEvtr lrettb.(,crt €rtacr t-eloLatnorr LtnJa,) ( Certrall d",n Arcl,c,lsrlrrult, zort ),
AS^ 4 cltt,f w ka t, ran ,4ritu dl Eora lnqu uql, ar i, ,lon ,1, ital
L
"t TPa, >oB).

Q'arvrbar /v1-1. b langY-a So r0Ag

Vr,lqL ,rtsru Van dim atn h dart nitai rata- rotcl Wrg_ J;penle* p^da tuqtu
tfirttttt daIum un*uk rnenentuLon bzrorz, Fak{vr c1 (t btrh,t-
I r"' ld,f "itu
lean e,v1 dc,r, t eb an diutur atal 4 t, uua\c^n L^
^2r^
h,ubunqov le nefin honhs, lla tnt dr drlom 4t L* a[u ra-
lA+ hstp. rentt fa n ,t-, ra t'l ,fatua, roLat ( t"bnt"t"n
^
randorn errur), )an r^Lat No,runa kekeLirur,n lindakc,n (Thre ss.r,il t 2.o tg )
E ALAT EAN B4H4N
aabel M-1.1 ALaL lavr Py,'h lorLarn ?tn lcurart D^,to. rtttekanit lon Qel; llatad
bahan
Alo Alat
20 7D
t Mikorne*er Sel<ru, [orot mm) Lewgwg yerse I Logavvt
,]
tlAistr"r ( t vwnn) Lwvpt Livtgko,ren labung
3 1on 9oftng (o, t wr^) bol,a

{u. (ArLL YVfLIA

k' lAonontulrou Luqs aA^ bond^ \ua 0i nIt
t. QLaL l.,n bal.aon ),tr;a ko,n.
L, Pan1"n9 la^ l,ebor 'tn dtubur leLe rnirtar ft,ban lrga l.rl;.
L !"d' [^d (ernpt^9 l,r^gV"rzn liupu, dengan ,1,,49t-a foro ng seban,y"k ltg"
Vu
{' D"tz karit ptwiowataw )1h^W

b' Ms.qe.ttluko^ Luas p^da bc^Aa 0iwpnn

1. &V+ Ao^ balnan draapYau"
4
Teb"l Vqiwg bgo^ liuVuc l<ngo- wiYoutter reEryp, J.rowteler Loqorn
diuVw lgur1"^ yngVa 6oona1.
3" St^,ru*tr bot",n t JiuLur Je tn uikau*er J Juo u^1q1,
an- an
4 )ar1 diawrtflr Lb, oya /oL.vu JiuErr de

5 \atz k^nl ytng^rn,,+an di'lul,lt

y, fuou',l cH4tLT
A' banA^ |ua fiis,rttsTgi b. brnA" Tiga Viuowt'r

Mqtai ZIALr lq i

frlat, Alat t

- lrAittac ' M\Lrounlw ::e.VruV

X^ lr" Sonng -Xa Vo loro

$ahan: $o1aan t

- Levuyrug Vrst$ -K tn VW

- Lwytng lingVnn - \aVu ry

- boL". qI

lAen guVur dlA do^ lubar

levuyeng ltlersi dtngr^ wistrz(
Pue lcbal bqf^g @" dotgnn mika

(diul^ng Sebov, E fn ohr r*ru1 /' $vrw e* pr de ugr u yi'2\"

hr^ V"\i)
Mo, vVur n- n
ltrgV^an Jon7au yAW srbry l,ur dt<wehr bola yel"l Jeuraq naika-
(Jiulr,9 F , &'bd dua uuluY Jarl -Jan

ltga V\i)
,Vtor,rqlis dela hae',\ gn?avuafzn

Mrry ,^V$ h^ Ao',n liovvr*or

Selesai l^lorrn labung leuv^ fausVsootg

lttuulv lota haril yra7awAzn

Stlesai
V.I. DATA ?EN5 AMaN
label I,A-L.L \ata P
ywota^ lbenda \ua Pimenfi (\eso.o, Luat)
Levapwg lwtegi Ltvuyevvg LingVorzn
la'rt7an9, lnrn) Lcbar, L(ruu) Wavrclcr, A ( wrn) lAn - ,r (*-)
ll0 MYyl ItD Yfim tr0 {tAilt ss t^M
tlo rnm tt0 mm It0 vv vr't r5 Wtyvi

llo h^m ll0 Yvlu ll0 tvrwr 5r Mvt

P 4 tl2 r^M l--- tto lurvt J llD Mm | -- S.F wttt

L lLloo wt,lAl f-= ?,5 nn*"

Iqv,cl Nr-1.3 D^l^ ?, *rok-, Ewtla -Lrla {hrnenii (Vesamv Voluwte)

Ko i*, Lo cjavt holr^ Lo 9ov'rt 1^b^-5 bo P orLa vvt IA

Tehol. L Un-) lf(an*er,l Lnn) \rauutler,l (wm) -1an,f (nm) Trn16;,la Unm) hameler, I b,n)
6rS Wvvl ir Mm Lz tLl tMwt ttr l4s t^/l4 (A,ol Mn4 lq/oL Mru
G,S Mm 31,5 Ynr'a tL t Z1 Wyvt 1l r l{f hawr 64, ot WM 14, Lo MrA

G rS fvrtv\ 34,1 Mrn 7LrSL MW ll t lL Mrn 04 toog v\LM t5,lo VAWI

+ = CtS lvtrn L= 3q,G wrvt )z LL19 rvlm f : [t/ lt ]44tyl h = 64,ooQwtm f,- tg,o+ u-
Voi: e,tot ^-t Vol= ;-rgb! trn*3 Vol= 95,642 n^m

Dqtq laboratoriurn htVtu L+" C

Ye
ugawat", vl ) Velr.vnb^bo^ 5t '/,

tekorno,n ,iloz 'lool,1 vub

0
l+ordta.l ?ozq'z?"J 109 l"r e
 'T
v]t. DATA ?ertntruN6'4N
A. betndo \uo, b,rvpnri
A.1 Levn I
A'7.1 ?an1an Ytrs ;( ) A.t,z Lebar ?erse (t
z r+ 2- 'T=zl" =Lr+!.r+L
n 3 n n

- tlo 4 ttp +ll0 = t(o * lt, + tlo

3 3

- ttO tnna < orll0 tyl llo vnrn = otllD frt

'(=f') = prz * + .(af,) = |,t+ I.'+lr'

? " P3

= ltox*tto2+tto' = ltoz 1ttol + 1oz

-- i6300 wil = 36loD vnrn
.(zp)' = (pr +p-+7t)' . (zr)" =
(Ar + ,!-, + ,!'1)-
: ( rro r lo ttto)' -- [t,o+lD+tra)z
= {48 grD vutut
108 96D vvtrvt
=
.4P n(z z) _ 2 L
, al* n(z!.')-(zt)'
n(n-i) n(n-t)
s (tosoo) - (rottoo) 3 (2o3,r')) -lottov)
s(s-t) 33-t)
to8 ga - to8 96D tD8 gn - /0gg0D

6 6
O=om 0 =0rn
6 6

'ltN . Z\ x 16T ftru A !- x tn'/

T v
--
0
X IOD --o o =D x [n"/" o'/
OrltO Or ll0

'Ks roD "/" RN Ks = tn% - Eu

tray, o% = loD% (n I - o"/, -- /n%
'p*erbaik=(V]_ay\ . l- terbaik = (7 + aL)
=
(o,t1o + o ) = (ortto +o)
=( tto x ro-e t o) rvt - (uotto'3 Lo)n
 A.1., Luar ( t- ) .BN= 4r xtn%
.L= pxl. r
= t10 Xll0 = lt tlJD YnMl = 0,Ol?l ll4z
=O x t6o"/" = o%
.2L l:tloMMz7t\lowr 0,055
=
7P .KJ - &N
t6r /o
tL = ll0 Myn = QllloW . toT%- o'/, "ttDu/"
t,t- r torb^ik = (F I ar)
'AL= vl 1
?L
a
=(o,artrLr)m
?7

10. 0 " * [ trb.o)a 4"t.t Luas

O+o:0 .L=IEFL
[rN AL x ruu% = [t, ta7 .(o,osd)"
z
L
= 7114, Ot0O3 -- Otoogf M

= o r tobf' 07, 2L z LIEr

0 t 0lal 7r
Kr tdb'/, - &r.r o L, 9r [q. OIOoS ; Or94d4te
lw% - o7o = tm% ,AL )L r
,z

' L *erbqil. Iut

aL) )r
= (o,otr1,-* o)rn' O rss<s. o)'
O<OYr1
A'z An llt

A.z.t Sarf -gaci (r) L

'F=i,*lz*Fr = r-r+-rJ-+5.5 =o 6D %
3 3 o r O09S

s,}T rnu4 : o/os.r yn .Ks = obl - o-N

.(za)= f-,t*f--41-3' o'/"
=w%
: rtrt *rs +sl. z

= loW {vtYt, .t terb,;k = (u t au)

. (zr)' = (. rr- +rytrl)l =(o,ooo.r ! o)m'
(st *.rr + ff) = L+zLj Mill
,af= n( Lr') - (zr)'
n(nq)
j ?oTi) -i 2?zzt
z(z-t)
z? z" -7 zz{
E

0
=Om
6

{ia@
 I

6. bevtl6, figo, ?rr,nt.;msi

6"1 $ela. Logz,wr

0.1.1 AiavuoLer (A) D.r. z Jari - (Jan Lr )

.l =^+dztAs 'F=Ci*l.eft-
3 3

= A1- 1?,Q * L,?- t L4 + 1,L, SL = llr 1{s + 1, l4S t tt, t6

3 3

=LLt 3 mrr = oroZLS tn = lt r lJ rv/rtn = Or Olltf vyt

.(zA')= J.2tA.'+Jz' lf.rL) = rr2+rr'11a

t Lx tll' + a, ,24' + La t SLa : ttr l{sz *llrH{" +V,16'
= 1196,99t0 mM . Slz, rXfb vAm
.(zJ)"= (J'+J,+dg)" , (2. ) " = (r' +cz tcs )'
- (r, t L1 +.1,?, tLA+ ?t,,SL)L
= ( rt,t4.F* rtzlals+u,\6)z
= 14b 9 wtvl lllL r 9o?b vtm
Ad n (zl') - (ae)' Ar
/-
ntar I
zr a

n(n-r) rr[n-t)
(r{ 0, _ (<ate) (g?z,ss?o -(ttg,sotd
- s 59dE 3

3(z-t) z (E - r)

4 , IYC - 14t9 IttTrg bzg - lt$ rgoL6

C C

OroZCt =OrtC, lS.( grOeO3

= Or OtOIryl
KN 6; x t$v% e

? fLN = Ar 7.t6t)
o/l6ts{ l6t) r
OrOLzS 0rotot xt(ID%=08103 7,
?,24 4/o o /oil tS

Ks UsD "/o - F^l {<s = toDY, -'ftN

= l6D /o - ?,244 /, t6D y' - O18?93 "[,
0L / +tb "/" g9,\Lt?',lo
' A +erb^;V = (T ! ar ) , r Lwbir! Ir + ar)
= (o,ozt3 ! o/ = (orotl(s !
t6lf,,r)'n orolot') m

l, = O,IL,3Q vn .fr OroZtl- Yn

"lt > -0,1$39 Yn

. (-, o/ooll wl
b,r.t \f olurnn- ( V) b.L Ttbu 14 ?aVnr
' V= 4 rcc3 B.z'l Q'yv^gy12ter (d )
3
T j'r d"t {l
-- 4 .lrl4. o,ol(lJr 3
3

-6
= 19,oL+lqtlo+\.),lo
= | . 2,14. 1,39 xto 3
3 J
r.r Wtlh = 44,5 XrO ln
_63
= 5,??6 xto M bd= 11
-
Ld
lt
- ("e)'
, )v 4tra nLn-t)
?r 3(r,oer)-(s?,zz)
___ _ 1 _1_::!4 " Q,rllrs)a zlz-t)
a (L, 56 ' l'z! x (O-{ It 360
-3 L

= ltt6 X (o fn to

.3v_:fff ru - o. j,
-ltr ( Lt6 t6
= \7,+ vAtA = ti,?xLo ' (yr
It,lG xro-'" )'crotol) tLN = AA /tD 7,
O, ooools * T
3
<- O/oo39OZt^ = l,t, ? xto
-3
= 3t gb xio m 14ts {to-3
'[N =aV x@% = 0 r \3'/,
v [<.r = lfr% - ltru
-\
= 3,96L vlo . t6D'/o - or)9%
-b
St 7?6xt1 = 19,67 %
6r$zo/, I tsrb"\V = (J t AJ)
'Ks fttv\" - (LN = ( 44 ts xio'u ! ny,+rro-')*
(6\t'/o - 64z'/, gzrtT il
=
'Vtubo,l = (v *av)
(s, w ox,o' n
t r,grxo- t) rnt
=
g.z.L K"t, iau LV) bV= l'v 1,
V \a
^1,.
f hr+l,rzn\l 2h
2.
( 4, q+ x to'' . 14,+
L
r.o-' +( i,tt -e

= 04t01* 6lrol *64t0oS 1,,49 oio-3)'

"t3
3 e t ,lo9 x N-tL + L /Zl6f /to
*-G4rl Wqm=ee,\\to -1. r4 6(,'?0, *o-t?)+(ot zztos tto'tz)
-6
- 3_h h(zha) -(zl,)'' 6{,{Xn*tL =Lr0gylo m
?

n(n-r) ILN A'/ Y tt, ,a

?( , (o4g)" tt , ozs) v
- -6
3(s -r) bt09 xto tro"/o . orog'/o

lLtjt11 -'16,bTb lg,64xti6

3 \4j = (,tlD'/, * AN
7,04s- ; tf|ilo- oroS'/rz gg'12%
-- lr13 rv.trn -t1lYy1s-lnr VlerbriV=(ltav)
.RN At4 x nrv'/, =
(s2,e4 vr,o-6 * g,oe r ro-6 )rnt
h
*3
= tt4\ r0 '_ rrm"f, lb,, Y-q,n2 Logav*
c4/l XrD'9 b.9.17an (c)
= O r|x.L % l- : fr *[^ +l- =
1?,x, lTtl-5* l?fi-f
YI
)

l$\'rt*Ora LL "/. c fti3

--- _-\1 ,3wn
-?.
9o ,9?s '/o 3
= ll,!ltD m
. h terbail = (tr J ) .Ar= n (zr') - (zr)'
^h
. (e4, 1 xro*3 ! i,4i xro-l) m n(rr -r)
? (. tor,zTr ) - ( tr)'

b.L.9 Voluut (v cU-t)

. V= r fid"h
4,
=ill,'"'=(;; rn --ot14xto -] m

= L 3l!)Lllqrt: 1)'@i,t) ftN = Ar x$o'/,

1 T
99 t('4 xw
-6 ryt 3 z 0t \1 Kt? -1
= = o roog'/.
, ?v = i n dh 1?tL rlD -12
-o
?d Ks = iN'/" -&rri
i 44,rrto ) L4,l) = tN"/, - A/6ht'f' = 99,'lz-/,
3

\?,\4
L
r terb;k = Cr J ar)
-1 ( -3
. 4r4T X lo = t+,3 rio'I L o,lA o to )r,
t'L
?v I nd
4
7e

G,t${14ts xto-))
-(
= lrlS lfi
I 1-

't.t en &)
ttbat [Lxr = AV 4rn'/,
.T , atf wrrrvt {
_a
6rSXlo = $rt{ xto '
3
Yt/t
* tt "/,
,, (z+') - ^;zr) ia
A/tl (lo )
n(n-i) = 0t93 {"
3(tza,?r)*(t?tt)' V s = t(tb%-V>t
3(z-t) * o,?3'/,
= lfi'/,
38 t 0ZS - 3ga rZf -- O1 t oft'/"
p \t *ubail. = (vt arl)
\'1tG . (e ,tt*,r'9 ! sr+4 xtr'e)m3
e

6 rl6

= 7t48 'Nim= Lr46yto-3 m

' fL^J = At x trv"l

T
'9
= ?t4t * lo
€tS tla'j
0rs8"/"

'f<s tdD '/, - tL N

i6D% - 0,38 '/,

9, ,6Ly'"
L lprLuik = (T t a+1

Ce ,s vtr-3! zt4txro-e) *

tb.i.9 VrLu*(. (\/)

tr = ri;r" +
t
(t ],i r,o' )" t
= 9r
t \ (a,s
^t; S
-a
=6,ltxtD'lnn'
*v 'ttc rt
?r
=z(t,q)(t+,t xrr-tS
'6
=|96r1x1o
L 1-
l/ Ar
*r ?t
(+ro, 1 *,o' 6 . ortl
\ to-3 +
(g,sc xr- c . z,4t xto'1)

l' o,?u't to"' r Ls rts" ta-'s

3zro.fxto-e:a74xto-9
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ll\iLnrneler r b'^v^ aQ{ ukttr *uh,,tp wt.wgvt?ar Pr5? n3 ottau tetzlnv

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