THE PROS AND CONS OF QUARANTINE PASS IN

TIMES OF PANDEMIC AS PERCEIVED BY THE RESIDENCE OF BARANGAY BULA

A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH PAPER

Presented to the Faculty of
BULA NATIONAL SCHOOL OF FISHERIES
General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

PAREJA, HANNA JANE D.

REFORMA,VENUS D.
EGONIO, PRINCESS JEVONNE S.
LAVA, SELINA R.

NOVEMBER 2020
 ABSTRACT

This research was all about the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass in times of

pandemic as perceived by the residence of Barangay Bula.

This study focused on the interview guide that enables the researchers to

determine the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass usage in times of pandemic and how

it affect the daily life of the residents of Barangay Bula .

This study used quantitative design specifically on identifying the effectiveness of

implementing Quarantine Pass. The researcher used non probability design to identify

the key informants of the study. Also, the researchers made a digital questionnaire and

emailed it on the possible key informants.

The key informants of the study were some of the residents of Barangay Bula .

The researchers choose the following key informants based on their experience using

Quarantine Pass.
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

As far as we know last year before this pandemic arrived in our country all the

people seems like the bird that are free to fly in the sky and enjoy to go anywhere, some

are going to work, students going to school and the others are going to some recreation,

shopping and family bonding however when this virus comes we are all like the bird that

are put in cage all our liberty were deprived we walked and move in a limited space,

even in the times to secure our food is not easy we can only done it by using the

Quarantine pass which has a limited time, this was created by the Local Government

Units (LGU) and to follow some health protocols to help us prevent and control the

spread of the virus and found out it’s effectiveness. Through the implementation of

Quarantine pass, we made to divide the mind of people whether it is good or bad and if

there is an advantage to the livelihood of the people. In the preceding chapter we will

know if it is contributing good or not for the people of Barangay Bula, General Santos

City.

In Barangay Bula, General Santos City people’s movement are limited outside of

their residences, Quarantine pass is needed if they tend to go out of their specific areas.

The distribution of the Quarantine pass started on May 28, 2020. It is being

handed by our respective Barangay and Purok workers. The Quarantine pass is not for

sale and it should not be reproduced. Quarantine pass that has the dry seal of its

Barangay are considered valid. Having a Quarantine pass is not an excuse for someone
to violate the rules and regulation, everyone has to follow.

One (1) Quarantine pass is given per household and has its designated day where you

can use it.

Research Gap

The topic is quite interesting, because nowadays Quarantine Pass is mandatory

to use especially in our current situation. We choose this topic, so that readers and also

we publishers will know what the rule of this Quarantine Pass to our society and how it

can affect our daily life.

We also think that this study can enlightened everyone and help them widen their

perspectives about the Pros and Cons of using Quarantine Pass. Also we want them to

know on what are the benefits of it and the contribution in the community.

Statement of the problem

This study generally aims to determine the Pros and Cons of Quarantine pass in

times of pandemic as perceived by the residents of Barangay Bula, General Santos

City.

Specifically, it sought to answer to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age; and

1.2 Sex

2. How does the usage of Quarantine pass affect the daily life of the people?

2.1 Work; and

 2.2 Buying needs

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study focused on finding out the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass in times

of pandemic in the residents of Barangay Bula, General Santos City. Further, in data

gathering procedure, digital questionnaire was utilized by the researcher and emailed

on some residents of Barangay Bula, General Santos City. Residents of Barangay Bula

was the primary respondents of the study who participated in a two-part survey

questionnaire. The study was conducted within the SY 2020-2021.

Significance of the Study

The outcome of this quantitative study would benefit these people and the

society to be able to know the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass particularly among

the residents of Barangay Bula, General Santos City.

This study would help the following:

To the Community. The result of the study gives information to everyone on what are

the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass and how it can contribute to the community.

To the School. The output of every research will inspire more of the students to seek

more about importance of the usage of Quarantine Pass.

To the Teachers. This study serves as their guide in their future endeavor on learning

and teaching situation. It will be an additional source of information to serve as

reference.
To the Respondents. The result will help them know the Pros and Cons of Quarantine

Pass. It will also give them some information about the benefits of using it.

To the Researchers. This study will be a supplementary opportunity and guide to

widen their perspectives about the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass usage.

To the Future Researchers. The outcome of this study can help to enhance their

knowledge to their future research. The result will help them give the overview of the

given topic which may help them improve and discover more things about their

research.

Definition of Terms

In this study, the following terms was used to make study clear and comprehensive.

Quarantine Pass – Conceptually, a state, period, or place of isolation in which people

or animals that have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or
contagious disease are placed (Dictionary). Operationally, a pass used in times of
pandemic that is usually presented when entering public establishments.
Residents – Conceptually, living in a place for some length of time (Merriam
Webster). Operationally, a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term
basis.
Barangay – Conceptually, a unit of administrations in Philippine society consisting of
from 50 to 100 families under a headman (Merriam Webster). Operationally, a barangay
sometimes referred to by its archaic name barrio, is the smallest administrative division
in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward.
 Chapter II

Review Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presence the review related literature and studies which are

essential and the development of the study

Related Literature

According to Brooks, et. al. (2020), December 2019 corona virus disease

outbreak has seen many countries ask people who have potentially come into contact

with the infection to isolate themselves at home or in a dedicated quarantine facility.

Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence.

We did a Review of the psychological impact of quarantine using three electronic

databases. Of 3166 papers found, 24 are included in this Review. Most reviewed

studies reported negative psychological effects including post-traumatic stress

symptoms, confusion, and anger. Stress included longer quarantine duration, infection

fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, financial loss,

and stigma. Some researchers have suggested long-lasting effects. In situations where

quarantine is deemed necessary, officials should quarantine individuals for no longer

than required, provide clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols,

and ensure sufficient supplies are provided. Appeals to altruism by reminding the public

about the benefits of quarantine to wider society can be favourable. Overall, this Review

suggests that the psychological impact of quarantine is wide-ranging, substantial, and

can be long lasting. This is not to suggest that quarantine should not be used; the
psychological effects of not using quarantine and allowing disease to spread might be

worse.

However, depriving people of their liberty for the wider public good is often

contentious and needs to be handled carefully. If quarantine is essential, then our

results suggest that officials should take every measure to ensure that this experience is

as tolerable as possible for people. This can be achieved by: telling people what is

happening and why, explaining how long it will continue, providing meaningful activities

for them to do while in quarantine, providing clear communication, ensuring basic

supplies (such as food, water, and medical supplies) are available, and reinforcing the

sense of altruism that people should, rightly, be feeling. Health officials charged with

implementing quarantine, who by definition are in employment and usually with

reasonable job security, should remember that not everyone is in the same situation. If

the quarantine experience is negative, the results of this Review suggest there can be

long-term consequences that affect not just the people quarantined but also the health-

care system that administered the quarantine and the politicians and public health

officials who mandated it.

Juneau, et. al. (2020), Contact tracing is commonly recommended to control

outbreaks of COVID-19, but its effectiveness is unclear. This systematic review aimed

to examine contact tracing effectiveness in the context of COVID-19. Methods:

Following PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, Em base, Global Health, and All EBM

Reviews were searched using a range of terms related to contact tracing for COVID-19.

Articles were included if they reported on the ability of contact tracing to slow or stop the

spread of COVID-19 or on characteristics of effective tracing efforts. Two investigators

screened all studies. A total of 33 articles were found. All were observational or

modelling studies, so the quality of the evidence was low. Overall, 15 out of 15

observational studies (100%) and 16 out of 18 (89%) modelling studies reported that

contact tracing (alone or in combination with other interventions) was associated with

better control of COVID-19. Under assumptions of prompt and thorough tracing with no

further transmission, modelling studies found that contact tracing could stop an outbreak

(e.g. by reducing the reproduction number from 2.2 to 0.57) or reduce infections (e.g. by

24%-71% with a mobile tracing app). Under assumptions of slower, less efficient

tracing, modelling studies suggested that tracing could slow, but not stop COVID-19.

Observational and modelling studies suggest that contact tracing is associated with

better control of COVID-19. Its effectiveness likely depends on a number of factors,

including how many and how fast contacts are traced and quarantined, and how

effective quarantines are at preventing further transmission. A cautious interpretation

suggests that to stop the spread of COVID-19, public health practitioners have 2-3 days

from the time a new case develops symptoms to isolate the case and quarantine at

least 80% of its contacts, and that once isolated, cases and contacts should infect zero

new cases. Less efficient tracing may slow, but not stop, the spread of COVID-19.

Inefficient tracing (with delays of 4-5+ days or less than 60% of contacts quarantined

without further transmission) may not contribute meaningfully to control of COVID-19.

According to Park, et. al. (2020), Effective contact tracing is critical to controlling

the spread of corona virus disease (COVID-19) South Korea adopted a rigorous

contact-tracing program comprising traditional shoe-leather epidemiology and new

methods to track contacts by linking large databases (global positioning system, credit
card transactions, and closed-circuit television). We describe a nationwide COVID-19

contact-tracing program in South Korea to guide evidence-based policy to mitigate the

pandemic. The role of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 amid reopening of

schools and loosening of social distancing underscores the need for a time-sensitive

epidemically study to guide public health policy. Contact tracing is especially important

in light of upcoming future SARS-CoV-2 waves, for which social distancing and personal

hygiene will remain the most viable options for prevention. Understanding the role of

hygiene and infection control measures is critical to reducing household spread, and the

role of masking within the home, especially if any family members are at high risk,

needs to be studied.

We showed that household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was high if the index

patient was 10–19 years of age. In the current mitigation strategy that includes physical

distancing, optimizing the likelihood of reducing individual, family, and community

disease is important. Implementation of public health recommendations, including hand

and respiratory hygiene, should be encouraged to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2

within affected households.

Keeling, et. al. (2020), Contact tracing is a central public health response to

infectious disease outbreaks, especially in the early stages of an outbreak when specific

treatments are limited. Importation of novel corona virus (COVID-19) from China and

elsewhere into the UK highlights the need to understand the impact of contact tracing as

a control measure. The current contact tracing strategy within the UK is likely to identify

a sufficient proportion of infected individuals such that subsequent spread could be

prevented, although the ultimate success will depend on the rapid detection of cases

and isolation of contacts. Given the burden of tracing a large number of contacts to find

new cases, there is the potential the system could be overwhelmed if imports of

infection occur at a rapid rate. Taking recent estimates for COVID-19 transmission we

predict that under effective contact tracing less than 1 in 6 cases will generate any

subsequent untraced infections, although this comes at a high logistical burden with an

average of 36 individuals traced per case. Changes to the definition of a close contact

can reduce this burden, but with increased risk of untraced cases; we find that tracing

using a contact definition requiring more than 4 hours of contact is unlikely to control

spread.

According to Rozhnova, et. al. (2020), In countries with declining numbers of

confirmed cases of COVID-19, lockdown measures are gradually being lifted. However,

even if most physical distancing measures are continued, other public health measures

will be needed to control the epidemic. Contact tracing via conventional methods or

mobile app technology is central to control strategies during DE-escalation of physical

distancing. We aimed to identify key factors for a contact tracing strategy to be

successful. Many countries are preparing so-called exit strategies from the COVID-19

lockdown while attempting to successfully control transmission. Contact tracing, in

combination with the quarantine and potential testing of contacts, is considered a key

component in a phase when lockdown measures are gradually lifted. Contact tracing is

an intervention where an index case with confirmed infection is asked to provide

information about contact people who were at risk of acquiring infection from the index
case within a given time period before the positive test result. These contacts are then

traced and informed about their risk, quarantined, and tested if eligible for testing

according to national testing guidelines. This requires up-scaling of conventional contact

tracing capacity. The potential of mobile device apps to support contact tracing is widely

discussed and such technology has been used in several countries such as South

Korea and Taiwan. Although these countries have successfully reduced case numbers,

no causal relationship between use of app technology and epidemic control has yet

been shown. Many uncertainties remain on the optimal process of contact tracing with

conventional methods or mobile apps, on the timing of testing for current or past

infection, and on the required coverage of contact tracing needed. Overall, our findings

suggest that an optimized contact tracing strategy, with short delays and high coverage

for testing and tracing, could substantially reduce the reproduction number, which would

allow alleviation of more stringent control measures.

Wan Jian, et. al. (2020), Comprehensive case investigation and contact tracing

are crucial to prevent community spread of COVID-19. We demonstrated a utility of

using traditional contact tracing measures supplemented with symptom tracking and

contact management system to assist public health workers with high efficiency. A

centralized contact tracing system was developed to support data linkage, cross-

jurisdictional coordination, and follow-up of contacts’ health status. We illustrated the

process of how digital tools support contact tracing and management of COVID-19

cases and measured the timeliness from case detection to contact monitoring to

evaluate system performance. Comprehensive contact tracing and management with

complementary technology would still be a pillar of strategies for containing outbreaks

during DE-escalation or early in the next wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

According to Koetter, et. al. (2020), In the context of the Severe Acute

Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pandemic of the corona

virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in the United States (US), the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended the identification of symptomatic and

asymptomatic infected individuals can contribute to control of the pandemic. The

process of contract tracing, with an emphasis on quarantine and isolation, has been

previously used to control diseases such as tuberculosis, Middle East Respiratory

Syndrome, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus. In the US, contact

tracing is routinely used for sexually transmitted disease such as syphilis and human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For COVID-19, preliminary results in China, Singapore,

South Korea and the state of Washington show evidence that contact tracing can

attenuate the spread of disease within the first three months of the pandemic. Contact

tracing allows for identification of new cases as SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been

shown to by highest among close contacts such as household members. When

effectively implemented in South Korea, contact tracing identified 53 of their first 100

COVID-19 cases.

According to Bocetta (2020), Modeling suggests that intensive contact tracing is

enough to control a new COVID-19 outbreak in three months. The model also predicts

that shortened time from symptom onset to isolation, increased identification of cases

by contact tracing and limited transmission before symptom onset decrease this value

further.25 As infection from the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen continues to spread in

communities, we encourage institutions to use this framework to leverage health

professional students to trace cases and their contacts to suppress the pandemic

including any future surges in cases during the reopening of the country. The framework

will also simultaneously provide students the opportunity to learn and practice skills in

communication, collaboration, and health systems science. New innovations in

scanning and tracking applications, like this receipt scanner from Wave, are not limited

to health care but can be found across other industries that include finance and

banking. The new approach to digital contact tracing provides multiple significant

advantages over the global use of conventional contact tracing and alternative methods

of digital surveillance. Digital tracing offers a calculable approach when compared to

traditional contact tracing, which is generally based on memories of patients' recent

exposure to others. As the corona virus continues to spread throughout the world,

traditional efforts to trace contacts are unlikely to continue and definitely require a

battalion of health care professionals. The current opt-in participation, rotating keys, and

short-term data storage offer significantly better confidentiality than most internationally

deployed systems.

The tech giants have the ability to conform to compliance while bringing a

product aimed at the mass market in the shortest time-frames. System insights may

only be shared with public health officials in order to facilitate the management of the

pandemic. Contact tracing data may play a critical role in educating and informing local

and state policies. The re-identification of anonymous identifier beacons constitutes a

primary privacy concern in the case of COVID-19 tracing systems. If tracing data

anonymity is compromised, people could be traced longitudinally. With incidences of

cyberattacks on the rise, cloud-based hosting of confidential identifier beacons can also
compromise online safety, as a potential hacking and re-identification of every

consolidated list of identity markers can occur. Governments could also try to enforce

the use and adoption of these techniques. In addition to data protection, data quality

and curability are pointed to as key concerns for the effectiveness of the program. 

According to Field (2020), One of the innovative solutions that Taiwan deployed

this year in response to COVID-19, is contact tracing that integrates an individual’s

digital health profile with their travel history. This allows an international traveler’s data

to be assessed by the Taiwanese government while the passenger is in transit. Upon

the passenger’s arrival at the Taiwanese airport, an SMS is sent to their phone by the

government to advise what to do next. Passengers may be granted permission to

express through immigration and sent a bar code to facilitate entry. Or, the results of the

contact tracing investigation may result in the traveler being required to undergo a

mandatory 14-day quarantine, due to being exposed to high-risk populations throughout

their journey.

A digital contact tracing solution proposed by Apple and Google for use in the

U.S. utilizes Bluetooth technology to leave a ‘trace’ when two or more smart phones

come into close contact. If a cell phone owner is subsequently diagnosed with the virus

they can choose to have the ‘traces’ on their phone sent to public health officials. Others

that may be at risk of having contracted the virus can then be expediently notified. Apple

and Google’s contact tracing technology is anonymous and voluntary — those that want

to use it must opt-in. There are both pros and cons to this approach; on the pro side, an

individual’s privacy and liberty are protected. The con, however, is that efficacy is limited
if few people use it. For the system to be useful, and for it to have a positive outcome on

public health, many people need to have this contact tracing technology enabled on

their smart phones. The more devices it is on, the more data it can provide. Yet, when

technology is voluntary, we are not likely to see mass adoption, and therefore from a

public health perspective, it would be beneficial for Apple and Google to require users to

anonymously participate.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the research design, locale of the study and general

procedure. This chapter also presents where the study took place. The statistical tool

and procedures are presented in this chapter.

Research Design

Descriptive and correlational survey method avails in this study. This is the most

appropriate method because the main objective of this investigation first made survey to

determine the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass in times of pandemic as perceived by

the residents of Barangay Bula, General Santos City.

Sampling Technique
 The sampling technique that the researchers used the simple random probability

sampling to know the Pros and Cons of Quarantine Pass as perceived by the residents

of Barangay Bula, General Santos City.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Barangay Bula, General Santos City, South

Cotabato.

Research

Instruments
 The digital survey questionnaire will be the major instrument use in this study so

that the researchers would secure that there is no bias in gathering data. The digital

survey questionnaire that is used in this study is to obtain information on the Pros and

Cons of Quarantine Pass. The digital survey questionnaire is prepared by the

researchers by reading reference materials related to the Quarantine Pass usage.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will provide the questionnaire to the teachers. The handling of

the digital survey questionnaire will be done personally by the researchers and

facilitated by the retrieval of responses. The researchers will collect the emailed answer

questionnaire after the respondents answer the digital survey questionnaire given.