Learning module 3

1st QUARTER

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 Table of Contents

Part 1. Learning Module Standard…………………………………………………………….4

Content Standard

Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies

Duration

Part II. Lesson Exploration…………………………………………………………………….5

Lesson 5: Historical Development of the Philippine Politics

Part III. Assessment Tasks……………………………………………………………………17

Multiple Choice

Part IV. Internet Links…………………………………………………………………………18

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 Guidelines in using this Module

Dear SHS learners,

Good day! I wish you all safe in the comfort in your own houses with people closest to your
hearts!
As you are well aware of our current public health crisis due to COVID 19 Pandemic, we cannot
afford to take chances and have a face to face discussions of topics in our subject Philippine Politics
and Governance. As such, please allow me to navigate you to each part of the module.
Part I. Learning Module Standard
This part contains the module overview about the standards that learners must meet. Clearly
shown in this section is the alignment of content standards, performance standards and the most
essential learning competencies. The duration of the lessons and completion of different learning and
assessment tasks was also provided.
Remember, this module is designed for you to work on your own but that does mean that you
can hop from one lesson/topic to another freely. Assess yourself first if you are ready to proceed to the
next lesson/topic or not.

Part II. Lesson Exploration

This section of the module presents the discussion and lecturette about the lesson. It also
provides activities that will help you arrive at the desired understanding of the concepts.

Part III. Assessment Tasks

These are your deliverables as culmination of this module. You are expected to demonstrate
your learnings about the concepts of the topics being discussed.

Part IV. Internet Link/References

The links provided here are the references from the internet. It also includes here the
references from the book.

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 Part I. Learning Module Standard

Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of historical

background of democratic politics

Performance Standard The learners should explain the roles of different political
institution

Most Essential Learning 1. Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and

Competencies governance
(MELC) 2.Describe the different stages in the evolution of the
Philippine politics and governance

Duration Week 7-Week 8

Part II. Lesson Exploration

Before we proceed to the lesson, let’s have some activity. Find and encircle the words that
you can see in the puzzle. These are the words that is connected to our lesson.

M T A D H L Q E Y I P A G H B
A Y Q F K T N H Q J R M O P A
H W U L T I M A W A T E V U L
A L R R J T K J R P C R E T A
R C G W A E Y R G A Z I R E N
L D H T Q Q R Q E N N C N Q G
I A T G R L D L D E L A O A A
K T L C L A G R Q S D N R X Y
A U A B D B V F P E A R G D R
R Q E K M G E O O J P E E B Q
S L W Q I R W T I F E G N G F
H G N Y E D G A U G H I E F N
K A O I F S K N T L L M R K L
W B M S X C R A J A H E A L P
Q T M L D H O L G E E A L Y A
L R O P N L F O D X C B M G S
A M C J K A T I P U N A N V Z

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 Lesson 5
Historical Development of the Philippine Politics

In the previous modules, you have learned the basic concepts of political science.
This lesson will elaborate on the history and structure of the Philippine government. It presents the
development of Philippine government of pre-history to the modern era. Furthermore, it will
educate students how Filipino participates under Spanish rule to American administration to the
present republic.
In this lesson, you will be able to:

 describe the different stages in the evolution of Philippine Politics and governance
 explain the evolution of Philippine Politics and governance
 analyze the roles and power of the Philippine president
 analyze how contemporary Philippine presidents exercised their powers

The Political History of the Philippines

I. The Pre-Spanish Government
 The early Filipinos had a government which they called “balangay “
 The head or the leader was called a Datu or Rajah who was assisted by the elders
in the community.
 All powers of the government were exercised by the Datu or Rajah. He was the chief
executive, law giver, chief judge and military head.
 There are three social classes at that time namely: the Maharlika (Nobles), Timawa
(Freemen) and the Alipin (Slaves). The Datu or the Rajah came from the Maharlika
(upper class)
II. Government in the Philippines under Spanish Rule
 The Philippines was governed indirectly by the King of Spain through the Viceroy of
Mexico, also a former colony of Spain gained her freedom in 1821, the Philippines
was ruled directly by Spain until 1898
 The government established in the Philippines was centralized. The national
government was headed by a Spanish Governor General, who was appointed by the
King of Spain.
 The Governor-General was at times called the “Representative of the King of Spain”
or the “Little King in the Philippines.
 In theory, he was the highest government official in the country, in practice though
 Andres Bonifacio
frailocracy “rule organized the existed
of the friars” Katipunan,thusa overpowering
secret revolutionary organization
the Governor- of the
General.
Filipinos.
Below the It aims wasgovernment
national a completewas separation from(provinces)
the Alcadia Spain. It precipitated
headed by the
the Philippine
Alcalde
Revolution on August 26, 1896. It was replaced by another government
Mayor, the Pueblos (towns) which were led by the Gobernadorcillo (little governor)when it was
discovered by the Spanish
and the barangay authorities.
which were led by the Cabeza de Barangay.
  The
TheBiak-Na-Bato
new government Republic was created
was headed by Gen.
by Gen. EmilioAguinaldo
AguinaldoonasNovember 1, 1897.
a President in the It
aims wasConvention
Tejeros separation held
fromonSpain
March and formation
22-23, 1897 of the Philippines as an independent
state.
 The Republic existed until December 15, 1897, with the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-
Bato. It resulted in the revolutionary exile of Aguinaldo and his men to Hongkong
provided the General Primo de Rivera would pay $800,000. On May 24, 1898, Gen
Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government when he returned from his exile in
Hongkong.
 The notable achievements of the Dictatorial Government were:
1. The proclamation of Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898
2. The reorganization of local governments. 5
3. A revolutionary Government replaced the Dictatorial Government still with Gen.
Aguinaldo as the head. On January 23, 1899, the first Philippine Republic was
established with Gen. Aguinaldo as the President.
 III. The Government During the American Regime

 The Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August 14, 1898. The
president of the United States delegated his authority to the military governor who
exercised all powers of the government (as long as the war lasted)-executive,
legislative and judiciary.

 The Spooner amendment ended the military regime in the Philippines. It was changed
into civil government headed by a Civil Governor on July 4, 1901. The title was later
changed to Governor General on February 6, 1905.

 The Governor General has legislative powers, and he was the President of the
Philippine
What have you learned Commission
so far? from 1901-1907. The Philippine Commission was the sole
lawmaking body of the Government. Eventually, this became the upper house of the
legislative department of the Philippine Assembly (created by Philippine Bill of 1902)
1. What makes
as thethe barangay
lower a symbol
chamber. of a tribal
The Jones Law of government
1916 whichsystem
becamein the Philippines?
fundamental law for
the Philippine vested the legislative power in an all-Filipino lawmaking body
________________________________________________________________________________
composed of the Philippine Senate and the House of representatives.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
IV. The Commonwealth Government
________________________________________________________________________________
 The Tydings-McDuffie Law in 1934 established the Commonwealth Government. It
________________________________________________________________________________
was a form of government in transition toward independence. It provided for a ten-
________________________________________________________________________________
year transition period after which the Philippine independence would be proclaimed
________________________________________________________________________________
and established.
2. W hat is a revolutionary movement?
________________________________________________________________________________
 The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on November 15, 1935.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 The first national election in the country was held on September 12, 1935. Manuel L.
________________________________________________________________________________
Quezon was the President, and his Vice-President was Sergio Osmeña.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 The Commonwealth Government functioned in exile during World War II in
________________________________________________________________________________
Washington, USA.

3. Why doThe
youUSA
thinkturned
most of thetoFilipino
over revolts
a Filipino during the
President the full
Spanish colonial
powers period?
and responsibilities of the
________________________________________________________________________________
Commonwealth Government under the 1935 Constitution.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
V. The government under the Japanese Occupation
________________________________________________________________________________
 The Japanese military administration was established in Manila on January 3, 1942. A
________________________________________________________________________________
civil government which was called the Philippine Executive Commission was
________________________________________________________________________________
established with Jorge B. Vargas as Chairman.
________________________________________________________________________________
 It has legislative and executive powers but laws enacted through were subject to
approval by the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese forces. On October 14, 1943,
the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic with Jose P. Laurel as the President
was inaugurated

 The ultimate source of authority was the Japanese was the Japanese administrators.6
It was dissolved on August 17, 1945.
What have you learned so far?
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 1. Explain the government structure that took place during the American Period in the
Philippines
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. What role did the Philippine Executive Commission (PEC) play during the Japanese
Occupation?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. How did the Japanese invasion of the Philippine change the Political structure, cultural
environment, and social interaction among Filipinos?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think is the most significant legacy of the Japanese occupation in the
Philippines?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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VI. The Presidents of the Philippines
1.Emilio Aguinaldo, 1898-1901
 The first President of the Philippines.
He led the Filipinos in fighting against
the Spaniards and the Americans.

4. Sergio Osmeña, 1944-1946

 He was the oldest president at 65 to hold
office. He rehabilitated the Philippine
National Bank, and the Philippines joined
International Monetary Fund.

2.Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944

 The first Senate President elected as
President of the Philippines. First
elected in a national election. He made
Tagalog/Filipino the national language
of the Philippines
5. Manuel Roxas, 1946-1948
 The first President of the Third Republic
and during his administration the
Philippines stared reconstructing war
damages. A military assistance pact was
signed in 1947 granting the United States
a 99-year lease on designated military
bases in the country.

3.Jose P. Laurel, 1943-1945

 He was the President of the Philippines
during the Japanese occupation in
World War II

6. Elpidio Quirino, 1948-1953

 Vice President Quirino ascended to the
Presidency when Roxas died in 1948. He
ran for president in his own right in 1949
winning a four-year term. He served as the
2nd President of the Third Republic. Noted
as two objectives of his administration
were Economic reconstruction and
restoration of people’s trust. He created
rural banks.

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7. Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-1957
 Ramon Magsaysay succeeded Quirino
but was not able to finish his term as he
died in a plane crash on March 17,
1957. He was immensely popular with
the ordinary people.

8. Carlos P. Garcia , 1957-1961

 Carlos P. Garcia, the 4th Republic of the
Third Republic, was known for his
“Filipino First Policy”. He also
implemented cultural revival and
economic nationalism.

9. Diosdado Macapagal , 1961-1965

 Diosdado Macapagal succeeded
Garcia. His administration was known
for its socio-economic programs, the
abolition of tenancy and the
establishment of Land Bank. He sought
closer relations with neighboring Asian
countries. He changed the celebration
of Independence Day from July 4 to
June 12.

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 10. Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1986
 He bacame the President in 1965 and
was reelected in 1969. Marcos
declared Martial Law on September 21,
1972, by Proclamation No. 1081.
Marcos by virtue of Presidential
\ decrees curtailed press freedom,
closed down Congress and media
establishments. Opposition leaders
and militant activists were arrested
including his critic Senator Benigno
Aquino, Jr.

11. Corazon Aquino, 1986-1992

 Corazon Aquino succeeded Marcos
and became the first woman president.
Aquino lacked political experience, but
she survived seven coup attempts. She
was responsible for the restoration of
democratic processes and institutions
in the Philippines. The members of the
Philippine Senate in 1991 rejected the
treaty that would have allowed a 10-
year extension of the U.S. military
bases in the Philippines.

12. Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-1998

 He became the President in 1992 and
declared national reconciliation. He
was known for his program “Philippines
2000” where he attempted to make the
Philippines a “Tiger Economy” of Asia.
During his administration capital
punishment was re-imposed

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3. Joseph Estrada, 1998-2001
 Joseph Estrada, a famous movie actor,
became the President by a landslide
victory in 1998. His election campaign
“ERAP para sa mahirap” won him the
votes of the masses.
 He was removed from office though on
January 20, 2001, by EDSA revolution
2 because of the controversial
impeachment trial against him.
He was tried and convicted for Plunder and
spent six years prison but given Presidential
pardon by his successor Gloria M. Arroyo,

14.Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-2010

 The daughter of the late President
Diosdado Macapagal, she had this
vision which she called “Sugpuin ang
Kahirapan.” Her nine-year
administration was marred with issues
like cheating in the Presidential
election, poverty, Expanded VAT Law,
fertilizer scam, Jueteng, and ZTE
scandal.

15. Benigno Aquino III, 2010-2016

 Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino, the son of
former President Cory Aquino and
national hero Ninoy Aquino ascended
to the office of the Presidency in 2010
elections.

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 16.Rodrigo “Rody” Roa Duterte
 Also known as Digong, is a
Filipino politician and jurist who
is the 16th and current
President of the Philippines,
and Chairman of the
Association of the South East
Asian Nations for 2017
 He is the first Mindanaoan to
hold the office, and the fourth
of Visayan Descent. At 71 yrs.
old, Duterte is the oldest
person to assume the
Philippine presidency,
superseding Sergio Osmeña
and Fidel Ramos, respectively.

Activity 1: How well do you know the leaders of our country? Using the table below, write the
names of the leaders based on their position. Provide a short description about them.

POSITION NAME
President of the Philippines

Vice President of the Philippines

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 POSITION NAME
The Mayor of your town/city

The Vice Mayor of your town/city

Your District Representative

Your Barangay Chairman

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Activity 2: Watch http://youtu.be/WbnKkZkIUlk , “The evolution of Philippine Government” Make
a timeline of evolution of Philippine Politics from the “Pre-Spanish to the Government under
Japanese Occupation”. Use the box below.

Part III. Assessment Tasks

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 Part III. Assessment Tasks

Multiple Choice. Read the question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
the letter on the space provided.

__________ 1. What do you call the leader or head of the society during the Pre-Spanish
Government?
a. Viceroy c. Datu
b. b. President d. General
__________ 2. When was the Commonwealth Government inaugurated?
a. Nov. 15, 1935 c. Nov. 15 1937
b. Nov. 15, 1936 d. Nov. 15 1938
__________ 3. Which of the following presidents is known for his “Filipino First Policy”?
a. Jose P. Laurel c. Ramon Magsaysay
b. Carlos P. Garcia d. Fidel Ramos
__________ 4. Which of the following presidents who declared martial law in 1972?
a. Ramon Magsaysay c. Ferdinand Marcos
b. Carlos P. Garcia d. Fidel Ramos
__________ 5. Who created the Biak-na-Bato Republic?
a. Andres Bonifacio c. Manuel Quezon
b. Emilio Aguinaldo d. Primo de Rivera
__________ 6. What was the aim of the secret revolutionary organization organized by
Andres Bonifacio?
a. separation from Spain c. unity from Spain
b. integration from Spain d. became a province of Spain
__________ 7. What do you call the civil government during the Japanese Occupation?
a. Philippine Executive Committee c. Philippine Execute Commitment
b. Philippine Execute Committee d. Philippine Executive Commission
__________ 8. Which of the following presidents who died in a plane crash on March 17,
1957?
a. Fidel Ramos c. Ferdinand Marcos
b. Ramon Magsaysay d. Jose P. Laurel
__________ 9. When did the Americans started the military rule in the Philippines?
a. August 13, 1898 c. August 15, 1898
b. August 14, 1898 d. August 16, 1898
__________10. Which of the following is not a social class in the pre-Spanish period?
a. Maharlika c. Tumawa
b. Timawa d. Alipin
_________ 11. Who is the first President of the Philippines?
a. Rodrigo Duterte c. Joseph Estrada
b. Jose P. Laurel d. Emilio Aguinaldo
_________ 12. Who organized the katipunan?
a. Primo de Rivera c. Manuel Quezon
b. Emilio Aguinaldo d. Andres Bonifacio

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 _________ 13. Which of the following presidents was removed from office because of the
controversial impeachment trial against him?
a. Ramon Magsaysay c. Joseph Estrada
b. Fidel Ramos d. Emilio Aguinaldo
__________14. In what year did Marcos declared Martial Law?
a. 1970 c. 1972
b. 1971 d. 1973
__________15. Which of the following presidents known for his program “Philippines 2000”?
a. Ramon Magsaysay c. Joseph Estrada
b. Fidel Ramos d. Emilio Aguinaldo

Part IV. Internet Links/References

Historical Development of the Philippine Politics

http://www.genyo.com.ph/genyoshs/subjectdetails.php?subjectid=1414&contentlvlid=72
References:
Mendoza, D., Melegrito, M.,and Mactal, R. (2016) Politics Without Borders. Quezon City,
Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Tabajen, R., and Pulma, E. (2016) Philippine Politics and Governnance. Pasay City,
Philippines: JFS Publishing Services.

“History is not everything, but is a starting point. History is a clock that people use to tell their
political and cultural time of day. It is a compass they use to find themselves on the map of
human geography. It tells them where they are but, more importantly, what they must be”
-John Henrik Clarke

Congratulations! You did a great job! You just finished module 3. Rest and relax
for a while then we will move on to the next lesson.

Prepared By: Shaena Ellain D. Bondad, LPT

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