Comparative Government

and Politics
An Introduction

6th Edition

Rod Hague
and
Martin Harrop

macmiUan
Contents

List of illustrative material via Comparing institutions, societies and states

Preface x Techniques of comparison
Key reading

PARTI Foundations
PART II Politics and society
1 Politics and government
Politics 3 6 Political culture
Government 4 The civic culture
Governance 6 Political trust and social capital
The state and sovereignty 7 Postmaterialism
Nations and nationalism 8 Political culture in new democracies
Nations and states 10 Political culture in authoritarian states
Power 12 Elite political culture
Authority 13 Political socialization
Legitimacy 15 Islam and the West
Key reading 16 Key reading

2 The state in a global context 7 Political communication

How the state emerged 17 Development of the mass media
The Western state 19 The media: contemporary trends
The post-colonial state 21 The media in established democracies
The state and international organizations 25 The media in new democracies
The state in the global economy 30 Public opinion
Key reading 34 The media in authoritarian states
Key reading
3 Democracy
Direct democracy 36 8 Political participation
Representative and liberal democracy 38 Participation in established democracies
Waves of democratization 39 Participation in new democracies
New democracies 43 Social movements
Semi-democracy 46 Participation in authoritarian states
Key reading 49 Political violence and terror
Revolution
4 Authoritarian rule Key reading
Traditional authoritarian rule 51
Communist, fascist and military rule 53
The Arab and Musslim worlds 62 PART III Linking society and
China in transition 66 government
Key reading 68
9 Elections and voters
5 The comparative approach Scope and franchise
Why compare? 69 Electoral systems: legislatures
The risks of comparison 71 Electoral systems: presidents

VI
 CONTENTS vii

Voting behaviour 156 Unitary government 236

Turnout 159 Local government 239
Referendums 160 Subnational government in new
Elections in new democracies 163 democracies 244
Elections in authoritarian states 164 Subnational government in authoritarian
Key reading 165 states 245
Key reading 246
10 Interest groups
Classifying interest groups 167 14 Legislatures
Channels of access 169 Structure 248
Iron triangles and issue networks 172 Functions 252
Conditions of influence 175 Recruitment 259
Pluralism and corporatism 177 Legislatures in new democracies 263
Interest groups in new democracies 181 Legislatures in authoritarian states 264
Interest groups in authoritarian states 182 Key reading 267
Key reading 184
15 The political executive
11 Political parties Presidential government 268
Party organization 186 Parliamentary government 274
Selecting candidates and leaders 189 Semi-presidential government 281
Membership and finance 191 The executive in new democracies 284
The social base 193 The executive in authoritarian states 285
Party systems 194 Key reading 289
Parties in new democracies 200
Parties in authoritarian states 201 16 The bureaucracy
Key reading 205 Evolution 291
Recruitment 292
Organization 293
PART IV Government and policy Accountability 299
New public management 301
12 Constitutions and the legal framework Bureaucracy in new democracies 303
Constitutions 210 Bureaucracy in authoritarian states 304
Judicial review and constitutional courts 212 Key reading 307
Judicial activism, independence and
recruitment 216 17 The policy process
Administrative law 221 Stages of the policy process 309
Law in new democracies 223 Public policy in established democracies 315
Law in authoritarian states 224 Public policy in new democracies 319
i International law 225 Public policy in authoritarian states 322
I Key reading 227 Key reading 324
I
I 13 Federal, unitary and local government
" Federalism 228 Appendix: list of boxes 325
Federal-state relations 231 References 326
Assessing federalism 235 Index 348