r

Advanced
Arabic Readers
I .

,_,
by WILLIAM M. BRINNER

- and MOUNAH A. KHOURI

- -
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
- BERKELEY, ,CALIFORl'IIA
. " , • - 1961
 '. 1
i

.J

I • F

'
 Y1 lo 3' I I
I ~1
. ADVANCED ARABIC READERS ·

V ' \
I
Selections from
the Modern Novel and Short Stoey

Selected and Edited

by

William M. Brinner Mounah A, Khouri

Associate Professor of Acting Assistant Professor
Near Eastern Languages of Arabic

LlBRAl!.Y -.._
QNJ:yERSITY OF NORTH CAROL~
CHAPEL HILL

University of California
Berkeley, California
1961

4

The Research reported herein was pe rformed
pe rsuant to a contract with the United State s
Of f ice of Educ a tion, Depa rtment of Hea lth,
C:ducation and \./elfare (under the provisions
of t he Language Develo pment Pro gram, NDEA).
, :;, :·: ' Copyright 1961
'.', ,;\ y'"the '. ~e~e:n~-~ of the University of California
Printed in the United States of America
By the University of California Printing Department
11
INTRODUCTION
The J,nglish-speaking student of Arabic-especially of
t he c ontemporary literary idiom-has long faced a probl em
i n f inding reading material chosen and prepared with his
particular needs in mind. This reader and a compa nion
vo lume consisting of examples of expository prose represent
one of the efforts towards the amelioration of this situa-
tio n which are being carried out with the support of the
Off i c e of Education.
~rabic literature , whether cla s sic~l or mode rn, i s
r i ch and varied a nd it is not enough to decide that a r eade r
is nee ded or to make selections a t r a ndom. A few word s a re
th e r e fore in orde r regarding the approa ch and aim s of t he
~di t ors in making the selections which f orm t his volume .
3u ch a book has a two-fold purpose at the very lea st; one
i s to s e r ve as a n introduction to forma l Arabic prose which
is neithe r journa li s tic nor expository on the one hand, nor
po e tic on the other. 1Jith the help of the Glossary , gram -
matical no t es and idioms, the student should be able to
find his way into the rnading of texts of this type throu gh
t he use of this Reader. The othe r purpose should be to
introduce the student to a particular genre, to acquaint
him with some of the writer's views toward it, and to
familiarize him with some of the more important and repre-
sentative practitioners of the art of novel and short-story
writing . This is a difficult task if only because of the
temptation to include too many authors and to u s e the same
piece by an author which a lready appears in the few an t hol-
ogies in existence, Much thought was given to t he choice
of the s elections presented here. 1•./e would like t o note,
however, that it ha s not been our a im to include onl y the
best writers nor even, necessarily, the best work by such
writers. Our aim i n the compila t ion of t his, our first
Reader, was to create a useful gu ide which fulfills the two
purposes outlined above.
ti 9 4i - l ")J
v.
.,. vi.
Courses of instruction in Arabic va ry so ~reatly from
one i nst i tut io n to a nother that i t i s difficult to state with
absolu te ce rtainty for what ye n of study the Readers are
intended. At l east t1<0 ye a r s of college-level training are
assumed as the ba sic equ ipment of the student who uses these
books , a l though in some pro grams one year's work cove rs the
essent i als of gramma r-in breadth, i f not in depth-and the
i ns tructor's aim may be to introduce selections such as
these in the se cond year, For this r eason, although the
books a re ca lled Advanced !leaders, the cumula t ive glossaries
cover· a l a r ge part of the voc a bulary to be found in the
sel ections . Th is i s , then, intended for the student who is
ready to go beyond the specially prepared or simplified
texts of the beginning manuals and who is not yet ready to
read a novel or collection of short stories on his own,
llut although many a ids to the student are included in the
Reade rs i t mus t be borne in mind that these a re not intended
to suppl a nt the dictionary and grammar and reference should
be made to each of the latter when necessa ry,
Jo'or a dict ionary which will serve him well with almost
a ny work of modern Arabic literature he may read, the student
can now be refe rred to the superb work by Hans Wehr,!
Dictionary of M o d e r n ~ ~ . edited by J. Milton
Cowan (Cornell University Press, 1961), There is no such
unanimity of choice in the field of Arabic grammars, and
al th0 ugh reference has been made in the grammatical notes
to',/, Wright, ! 2f ~~Language, (two vol-
umes , Cambridge University Press, Third ~dition, 1951), the
Readers may be used in conjunction with any of the standard
! r ammars presently in use in different universities, (N,B,:
notat ion at the end of a grammatical explanation such
as WI! 137D, stands for Wright, Volume II, page 13;, part
D of the pa ge.)
Every effort was made to retain the original form f
the selections and it can be said that th 1 o •
out i t h e anguage through-
s at of the authors, not of the editors. Where edito-
rial libe rties h
ave been t a ken it has bee n, on occassion,
vii.
t o shorten an over-long descriptive p,is s a ;;;e or to create a
lo ~icRl framework for a chapte r taken out of cont ext from
nove l. Otherwise, ed itor i'-1 1 work w::1s limite d to the r:ot e s,
3
refl ~ctin · our firm conviction th~t the Ame ric,in stuucnt of
Ara bic a t . the university l e vel should be faced, as soon as
possible, with the langua ge as it is actually writt e n a nd
not in the simplified and pre.a.digested form in which It is
usua lly presented to him, Although ex te ns ive u s e wa s m'-l de
or J. Landau's!~ Count 2f M o d e r n ~ ~ (Amer-
l.can Council of Learned Societies, 1-9 59), and much time
it e m,
wa s spent in checking the frequency of each vocabulary
words of low frequency were riot omitted or repl a ced by
wns
substitutes; the major be nefit gained from this study
in a rrang ing the selections in Gome asce nding orde r of
difficulty.
In this Reader, the introductory essay by the noted
literary critic Dr. Mul,Jamm~d r1andur, i s ~ the novel and
short story in modern Ar'-lbic lite rature. Be cause of its
theme and pertinence it w:,s placed first and treated a s
,., introduction to the actual selections. It was not, how-
0
ever, placed there because of its relative ease of com pre-
this book may therefore wish
he nsion; the instructor using
to postpone re ad ing this essay until ,ifter severa l other
selections have been read, Of the eleven other s e l ect ions,
three are chapters from novels, one is a one-act play, and
the remaining seven are short stories and sketches. Two
generations of writers are represented ~nd a fruitful· ap -
· ht "oe one of havinrr the student compare the dif-
proac h mig o
f erent approaches in ideas, technique and style of r~pre-
sent'-ltives of the older and newer generations-co~paring ,
for example Jabra Ibrahim Jabra with T'lal,Jmud 'raimur or
, h'
Ihsan cAbd al-Quddus with 'J'aha tiusain. To a id int is
· ntainin~ biographica l lo-
comparative approach a section co u
formation about the authors and comme nts a bout the individual
selections will be found near the end of th e book. The
. and the coam e nts on the
biog raphical notes a r e not exhau s t ive
t to be understood a s
me'-lning of a selection are at b es
 viii.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
indi vi dua l choices out of <llany a lternative int erpr e ta tions.
r he student or in s truc t or may come to quite diffe rent con- Introdu ctory Essay: MuQammad Mandur ) '..1.. .Jor..- 1
clusions about one and the same selection. "The Nove l in Modern Arabic ..,...,-11,.) ...ill'
Lit erature"
I,' ina lly a word of thanks-a heartfelt but inadequate ".:..,_.uJI '-"_,.,JI
symbo l of our appr eciation for their assistance-goes to Se lection I: Tauf!q Yusuf <Awwad .J~ '--'-r- ._,.;,.:: 9
all those who he lped to further the work on these Headers. "The Lame Boy " "c,.'11 ~ I " ,/
The se inc luded Professor Den ze l Carr, Acting Chairman of Se lect i on II: .l):u al-Nun Ayyub ..,_,_.I 0 ,-:JI , j 26
the Department of Near ~astern Languages , the departmental "A Pillar in the Tower of Babel" "._kl, (.,'' ,.; ..,1,., ·
Secretaries Mi s s Charmian Crittenden and Mrs. Judith Blum,
and the Research Assistants, Mr. Briton Bu s ch a nd Mr. Sel e ction III: Taufiq al-?akim ~I._,.;,.:: 38
l?O[.:; ~ r Schulze. "The Enemy of Satan" 'v-,,-41 , ..,.
Selection IV: IQsan <Abd al-Quadus ._,. 1 ..lill ...,_ .:,L-1 48
Be rkel ey , California William M. Brinner "Somet hing on My Mind" "\.s J.J..o . d \,.:. •
September , 1961 Mounah A. Khouri
Selection V: Sa<Id Taqiy al-Din cr...i.ll ,?- .,__ 58
"Proof Positive" "e;ht.ll .:,Lo.,.,JI" . / .
Selection VI: Jabra Ibrahim Jabra I_,.,,. ,-"'1.,.,1 I_,.,,. 69
"Books and Two Handfuls of Dust" ·..,..1_,: 0" .:,l::..:.u., ~1 •
Selection VII: Suhail Idr!s '-""''.JI Jo.,.- 78
"The Latin Quarter" "._,:.:;)UI ~I"

Se lection VIII: AQmad Amin .:,.-I ..1.>I 85

"Sayyiduna, or the Old-fashioned •t;.,:..• ,/
Schoolmaster"
Se lection IX: Taha ?usain .:,.;-> .b 93
"Al-r!u<tazila , or the \-loman from ".J ;:.--JI " r/
Upper Egypt"
Selection X: Yusuf a l-Siba<i </ l,....J I __;__ ,.. 111
"The Hevolt of the Apes" " J,,,-JI 0 ,.... " /

Selection XI: MaQmud Taimur , ,yo.;; .,,..,.. 123

"Alms for the Sake of Allah" ".D .:,L-1'

Bioe raphical Notes 139

Glossary 147
 >D

Errata

Page Printed
E!e.
iv pursuant quater
persua~t
vi occasion
165 quarter
occassion revenous 167 ravenous
.,,_;.:JI 28 .1...i.JI strangling of 169 strangling
,,,_..; 30 mumiliation 172 humiliation
36 devastating agreable
......
devestating

u-JJ
40
43 IJ'».J
appearrance
extragance
175
179
180
agreeable
appearance
extravagance
('-t"'-""'.J 54 peraue 180 pursue
1.ij 65 I.ow fortell 183 foretell
66 --.;_;;.<>, relation to 183 relating to
I 70 L-q;I aupervize 184 supervise
73 ~I aatan 186 Satan
. ·.: 78 ....___,_;I forward 187 foreword
~,-JI 79 ~,.JI striken 188 stricken
86 I.__., coumpounds 189 compounds
87 elaborte 190 elaborate
93 elegent 193 elegant
.r f:_:; .).,.1..:..i,' wollen 193 woolen
c::::;1 95
97 c:..:.......... conpenaate 198 compensate
L...,..-,- 101 "'-' J.-;.I 200 JL.o.1
.,,.,__, 103
104 .,........, 'ginan
gamra: throw
200
200
l!inan
j!amra: throe(s)
Cholera 107 cholera troup 202 troupe
113 .:...,, ma arr 204 maqarr
""''
v,...
r..i;.., 113 r...., s1perate
mal' alt
207
211
separate
<))I... maJ.lik
118 .:- "')I.
murmer 216 murmur
reigns 122 reins
r,--,:.
Ji,,, 129 •J~ u--,:,; 217
w,t.;, .__Jjl,., na aza 218 nakaza
132 222 naWI. 'ib
'',-.....JI 133 •'.,--....JI mawi ib
meance 223 menace
short story 139 short-story terrifying
Satan_ perrifying 225
satan .- 149 226 should follow J~
<SJ 149 .sjl
~;t
--
~~); 149
relcine 228 recline
corroberate 156 corro Orate be wary of
bewaring of 228
occurence
162 n-- _,....J.: 229 ._,....l,,
164 occurrence
 INTRODUCTORY ESSAY

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 6 7

NO·r ES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS II .. ,~, J,: J, is used here in opposition to a

preceding clause and may be rendered by the English:
'nay, rather ••• , no, on the contrary [W II 334C] ,

1 · cl.: .:,- L : After ne gative pa rticle s ( s uch as L

n r:-', _;1.6.: J, : 'on a large scale' •
0
her e j •.
be f or e an indefinite noun has the me a ning of IT'
.b ,_.:JI i-'-:-- J: 'at the beginning, in the first place'.
, none /fall, not one' a nd i s ge n~ra;1;1y . e gui va lent . t~ .
the us e of the " 'i of a bs olute de nia l , i. e ., 01 ,t 'i I( 0 1-1,; ( .,,-.r.) ..,.,._,,.,,.: ;QJ_ir~I Zaydiin (1861-1921) ,
[\/ II 135L>-1 36A J. The pre posi tion ,j is required b;y An outstanding literary historian, novelist and
the ve r b cl.: and its deriva tives whil e the 0 1 1;-ft e r it journalist whose works and functional prose provided
s t ands be tween the preposit ion a nd the foll ow i ng clau se the real forcing bed of modern Arabic literature. •
( 'J II 192B ].
By l'lu~ammad al-l'luwaylihi
I•
,...; .,i,: 'in such a manne r'.
he re : ' t o r age about'. ..,,;, : Here: 'unique'. Lit.: 'orphan'.
11
'i s ol a t e d from'.
IY
dJj J _,,_,. 'i, : 'it is not surprising ' .
The ac cu sa tive here expresses the state
, ...,_.., ._;..>: dJJ JJI 'J,: 'nothing is more indicative of this'.
or cond i t ion (JI.,..) of the obje c t of an a c t [\./ II 11 2C]. IA
J;.;: ' spit, spittle'. 1,-'P.1.,::JI .;: '(the art of) tragedy'.
11
.;1.6.: J: ' within the scope, s phere, doma in' . _,.;."'JI ,_,.: 'it also, in turn'.
y 'the l iter a r y genre'.
T'I
J,.:. ~, : Egyptian poet ( 1868-1932).
A , ,t,.;...1 J, . . . "'r. : ' a c customed t o c onsider' • ..l;l,I :,, , : Modern Egyptian poet-dramatist.
T'T
Jl:....ll ,.._..ii : 'lyric po etry' • )~ dJj J y'L:: 'it,is, in this respect, in the
\• ,....~1 ~: 'e pics'. same situation as

\\ 4.lp- ,1JJ;: 'revolve s around it 1 •

9.~_,...,1: Aristophanes: Greek comic dramatist
t448 ?-380? B.C,) •
\! .,,_ .:,-;JI ,L. : 'time pa ssed ' (lit. ' t ime followed
it s course ' ) . 'I'• ~ I .:,o.11: 'the narrative art'.

It ~..,\ u.,....;: 'lite rary ge nres' . n JI ...._,J : 'to penetrate, reach' •

\( J,,,h.:JI ...JI: 'pra c t ica l criticism'. 'l'Y ,JWI J,AJI ,j: 'rarely, seldom'.
\. J.• : 'is it nece s s ary , desirable? ' . .,_,,,.. 'i,: 'and not mere •· •' ·
11 l..,..,JI L, : 'and the like'. r, ...._i : 'to blame' •
IV J ~ .. . ,~ : ' a he a t ed ar gument was stirred u p ' . <·· ,, <· ,,
0J_,.;:;-, J 0J,.;-, :
approx. 'the opponents'; lit.
·,
I
'those who deny and are hostile to ··• •
lA _; )li, 'il J,: ' absolutely' .
01.,..:JI' t.,...:JI \:.. ,.,_ : 'the old school and the
II
JI _,;."ii ..,....JI -,..,.:., : ' and othe r s be l ieved t h,, t' . ('
modern school' •
! •
....,t;_,,: ' e s pecially , i n particul ar' . (T 1., ..;,1>: 'apt, worthy' •
0

it tT' Jt.l: 'like (pl.)'•

-- 8 9

ll ~WI r-,-!"lxl: • 'their Ivory towers'. SELECTION I

l• ,\,p.JI ..... ; : 'crush of life' •

l1 .,,h;JI 1,,__: 'to examine s,th. closely, scrutinize'.

lY •• • ,i
1_...: approx. 'to penetrate deeply'; lit.
' to s·wim'.

lA ,:,- p : 'better than'.

l, ._,;1~,JI .-SJl..:.JI: 'sympathy'; lit. 'participation in
mental and emotional experiences' 1,l,.~ :....t. ,.sJ JS"
•.,Ji.; rl.i . . . .,.........1: 'to summon up before his mind's eye'. < '-'<-r <!.t.=)
•l ..__.. .hL., 'J: 'does not focus'.

ol (,.ii: 'album'. • '11 1.i,., .:;.,.,.,_ 'I u-WI 0' l'.1.>I ~ , • J.,!;. .._I 0 1$'
1
•T' ... ).:JI .a.;J.; : 'to call the attention' • . ~I -1 lo-',. ...;.; ,-,. .11$' ,.;-> • " C,-1' .:,.11..,_ r"
•l .:l..i, ,.:1;: 'self-existent, independent'. T', c-lfall .:.,- •fa .S.... .y..l, .,1, .,.,1 0' ...;.,.,..,_ ..1.>I 'I,
'in a specific "°"' ~, ul. ,WIS' t, G.i; ,L.,.JI ..;.i; 'L.;..Jl .:,-,)L. 0' .,1.,..:

., .:,I,,,...;: 'follow'; lit. 'rally under'. d,. _,hi I

C:' I:,. ' l,- ' -'< r
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l'.,...s' L, ,L,.:JI J,b
0
•A f"'~,S ~;;, r-t""':'~ ............1: ' lit, 'their courage ~ , ,J.,111 .:r • .,,,.,. -J.ill .:,- ... .,~1,
had ripened, and their bodies had become strong'.
., I.,,_; .,;,. : here : 'in one way or another' •
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NOTE:; AND IDIOl!A1' IG GXPHi::33IONS 1Y ,:., u : 'give (me); bring me, let me have• ,

IA
~ , .S _,.,.. : approx. 'all his doings' •

11 'with his arms crossed'.

C.. .,.1, ._.;, J>:
lit, 'every disabled (person) is
~i ght y ', i.e., 'he exalte~ him~elf in pride and T· -,, ,,;,, .;ab: .;ab is one of the t,.,..:.JI JWI , verbs of
r ebellion ': a "noble tradition , beginning , such as ..i..l , J.,- , t,..:. , etc. , used in the
Perfect and followed by the Imperfect indicative
_,..., ... ,t; : ,15 is here use d as an auxiliary [\J II 108D].
similar to 0 15 but with the meaning of 'almost, well-
nigh' , i.e ., 'until he had almost forgotten .•• ' Tl u-1, ,, : 'his jugular veins'.
[ '., II 106B-C] .
IT ,1,,1 d,,h..., .:,-, : ,},,- I is one of the verbs which takes two
i.:..1~1 U'" ;,~:
1
an unknown person, a nobody'. objective complements in the Accusative, here one of
the person and the other of the thing, When two suffixes
~_j; ,1,,JI w_j; : The use of the verbal noun or ,_._ of would otherwise have to be appended to the verb, Q is
..;_;; after the verb as an obj ect ive complement in the used with the suffix that would occupy second place if
accusative is called the cognate accusative, in Arabic appended to the verb [W I 104A, II 47D].
~ I J ,:..WI ( the absolute object ) , \./hen it stands
alone and undefined, it is use d to add gre ~ter force r,t 1.;.,\.J : 'one day'.
to the verb. I t is a commo n styli st ic de vice employed
ex pecially by those writ ers whose s tyle is s tro ngly I~ l.o, 'from now on, henceforth' .
influence d by class ic a l Arabic models [W II 53CJ, Tl 0'JI .:,- :

J..ul .:,- _.,,l;..1 1 : 'dee p traces (lit. 'furrows') of !• tY-.>JI .,,i. 'he must return-'.
humil iation',
T1 V' t")' Js- 'despite, in spite of'.
i'"~, t"'~ : 'in c ash 1 •
!Y <I' I. Js-: 'as it is, as it was' .
y ; I.,.;: a lo ose shirt-like garment.
!A <I' Lo. : 'there it is' .
A <l ~ I 0 ; :a quart er in Beirut.
ll ,,. I,, 'there he is'.
;15.JI .;,,L.: 'the cans (lit. 'boxes') of kerosene',
f • a quarter in Beirut.
I· l.:..,~J~: ' marks , s i gns'.
fI _,;till : 'cake (Fr. 'gateau')'.
II ;15.JI dz: tin plates or sheets made from flattened
ke rosene cans. n • ..I.: l}.J· .l.S..,½:
, ' i n the beginning, at first' •
IT "-1,,1,.1 .,.JI: 'tramways ' . tr ! 1,,: 'I wish it were so:•
Ir .l,L.,: here: 'la yer '. n ~I Js,: 'however, nevertheless' •
I\ ... .,...~1 0,,: 'without the other'. ro approx. 'the rejected, repudiated
••. ,1,,,JI '1Ao:
castout; life's castaways,' Lit, 'to the spit of life'•
I.
_...,,) .~ ·\: lit• 'his jugular veins would tremble•
i . e ., v o ent fear or excitement would seize him'. • n 1°,..:. .., 0 ,..,,.,, : lit. 'th-~y intend to do evil to him',
i.e., 'to attack him'.
" m~;°'~e ~~~~lthT~~ea~;!re pa~tic iple or an adjective
th e va lu e of t c 1e in a construction wi th ty ..J, ,j \., t.J crU, : lit. 'from which his brain
The p:nticip l e h!are~:tive c l~u se introdu ced by ._...ul, became .. confused in his head' , i.e. , 'tha t le ft him

i
as with t he bj y use~ wi th a following accu s ative unconscious'.
o ect of a simple verb lW II 6'1BJ,
.-
w.
 24 25

rA _,JJ •ti,.. 1,ilbl, : lit. 'they set their legs _free to

R'ie wrnd', i.e., ' a nd they ran a s fast as th 3ir legs
,. -=-,.,,,,
•I;..: .;,- ..UI : lit. '(I seek) God's protection
from the winter of Beirut', i.e., 'Oh! What a terrible
could carry them'. winter Beirut has!'

n ;_;$,. t.J 1,: ' Oh, what a (way_of) running!' 1,~ay 11 C: _,,JI .... 1... main square in downtown Beirut.
be fofio wed by J with the accusative or, as here, with
the preposition': and the ge nitive after it. The J ...,..; ,.;:,..,_._, 'his heart ('innermost feeling') told him'.
1T
se ems to point o/rt the person or thing, in relation·
to which the exclamation is uttered (~ II 153B]. JL'il 'worn garments' (pl.).
H

l · ... ,:,/,., l. ~I _,..,,;,, : 'to become just like, •• '. 'he became madly excited, frantic'.
ll

ll \ ,1 ;_JI : name of a quarter in Beirut: 'about to, on the verge of'.

l•
l! d,,1- l. : 'do not worry'. 'he made up his ~ind to
l l

lr .:.\,l.i.,.JI : 'toughs, bullies'. 'and he went.directly to ..• ' .

,v
ll .,.;I.. ,:, ,.4,,, : 'and fear him' .
lA .., ..., 'with both his hands ' . I.;! is used with the
W[, :
geni ti v·e dual of a definite noun or pronoun. It is not
l• .:.I.WI ,j ,,.....6, ~ I ,:,,~, :
lit. 'and they tie them- inflected except when connected with a pronomina l
selves to his ba ck at the time of troubles', i.e., suffix [W II 212D].
'and he is their shield in time of misfortune'.
11 • )(,,J.JI .J,JJI : 'during that dark night'.
l1 .,,;WI, _,JI ;.,.. JI;,, 'i ,:,15 : 'he was still ruddy
with health'.
Y• ., . 'JI : an evergreen shade tree; also known as
ul.._; ~: 'for some time'. c...J :,/:, , ( zanzalall;at), China tree (Melia azedarach).
lY

lA ~I .,.JI ,I,.. 'adventurous life' .

ll -..,-,,JI .J.... a tramway stop in Beirut'.
_,51..i.JI eJ,~: 'the ticket-seller' .
• I ..,.S _,.JI 'boxing '.
•T ~.,.; ..._,, : 'to beat it soundly'.
or 'and patted him on the shoulder'.
•L. i.:.-1..i : 'one evening'.
...,
•t

..,_..t_ ,:,, ;...:., : 'and he bared his arms' .

1_,JL.;: 'Come (here)!' (Imper. masc. pl.)
0

•Y ,.; 1.. .hi,_,, : 'fearlessly' •

•A L.S,. here: 'a sharp blow' .
•I
'from hear! to toe • .

4
 26
27

se;LECTION II •~ .l,,J:; fl ..i,; ,i '~.,.; .:,- ,$i .tl::t_ J,l:..... d 0.,S;

crZ ,, ,, ,-.JI
.r.--
1
u'· 1·J<.Jl
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0,...._ 0
I 1 (J"'
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v
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fa~ y ,-:Lil ~I;. ' .::.kK!I ,..L,, .,.:b .::..,;; JI j I. ,.;L .J .:...1; ,J
) .:,- .b.J 1..i.:;I ul,4 Jb.i, •1~1 0~ A0~ ~I ..,..,._J ,,....:.,

;;.,..:,_ ,!'- .>JI • .Lo. 0" -'.,. .), ' • .1:. ro>'" J,-, ,t.,. ',j I'.,:;,_

..c.:: ,,.,_, · rl!'JI, ~IC-"' tS ._,..,.,1p1, ..,..:~JI, ._J,.lll ,__;; (: ,):.: 0' 0 ~ ~I,

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1
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.... 1, .J.ll , , .i .:,- , .:::t.,. c,j JIJ.;~I ; ,1..:1 ,_..; , ,..,.1.,.,1
0
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 28
29

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a 35

'i ~, ' ..i:.!1 J,..b-, ..__.,.;JI JI' j .l:. rt""- j ·~ I. 01._,... .:,,..ill NOT<:S AND IDIOMATIC E:Xl'RESSIOHS

' i: _,:;.,.., (,-,-- ,.).;;.,_ ) .,;I ,!) ) J~ •;:..- ....,.;..:,

01S', ..rl!ll r'il Jaii , .;:..;,JI ...,..;.:., JI. .,-a.:. '-:->L,,
,JI, .j .,.i..... 'it didn't occur to him (lit. 't o
u • f .wl __,-;.I .,JI ._..i_,.JI . .H c,.,J (,_. ~L:. ,t,.L' •.11•• i' his :nind') ... '.
0"
,.,.,...:; .~ : 'according to his (own) words', i.e.,
'as he pu'E it' .

r .,,i. ,µ 'J : 'incontestable, impeccable'.

l,J..,-1 1., ..• ....,,_;.1 I. : 'How strange . . . And,
how ful 1 it is or' ••• ' • Two exampl~s of thf use of
the verbs of surprise or wonder ( ...___.81 JWl), both
verbs are the 3rd pers. si'l.S,,:,.._masc; ·Perf~ct o f the
IV th form preceded by I. ( ....,..;..:.JI I. , the ma expressive
of surprise) and followed bf the accusative of th e

. object that causes surprise [W II 98C] •

~-·
!:1.,;..;i 0 t,.;.. : name of the teacher.
r,~: 'Well done, excellent, bravo:' (Loan word
from Turkish, •

y
..;,;• J. "1,..;, : 'then he would have laughed heartily'
(lit. 'a laugh filling his jaws').
'for no reason except that ....'
A
. . . ,j 1,;}, ,) .:,, Ja.i : 'too base to h'lve any
influence on .•. '.
'to hold the highest position'.
1•

• ._;I .,.JI) r-AI r-1 ; ,:6° .JJI .....,_JI -=,I P.-1, : 'Rajahs of India'.
11
,.l,.Jl ..1,- -::.I;~ ,J.o~I .,,JI ~ . ; : 'in your assumption'.
H
,,_. ,_,. dt<,1:; 'I ... J 'o.J, j 1_;.,..;.;1, : 'and took the opportunity to . . . .
Ir

I( u"\... 'i : lit. 'no escape'.

;; ; ,t, -=-~ : • prominent personalities' .
l •
'to become important, influential'.
11
dt,_.:~I ~ , : 'and expressing long ings'.
IY
inquirers
IA
• - . I _,.JI' ,JWI ._,,_t, ,1 : ' 'business men and
~ u t thelr business) .
'i circumsta nces such as these,
II u J .,hJI • .u, ..):. .j : n

.i d in such conditions'
 36 37

<,! _,;.,..JI .,.,_...i.)I : here: 'the Shiite sect'.

I· ' disorderly (in dress)'. rl
J.,.. . . . J,.; : 't ake the place of •.• , repl a ce' • .,...,, I. 'for (the offense) he had committed'.
11

n ,) .,.;\. ,._,I< .:.;.\ : 'e a ch took it upon himself to ....

I
l 1
'influential, powerful'.

.,,: )I.ill, .,,: )(;.JI ' such a nd s u ch J J.,JI; : 'woe unto .•. '.
ll"

... 0 tS W •.• , ,'; ,-11 ,-1 : A hypothetic a l sentence .,._;~I ..,, ¥6.,. : 'feared, dreaded' ;
H
expressing a contra ry to fact condition. The protasis
0, ,_; ) is introduced b y ,-1 'were it not for ... ' and r Jill u<>->-1 JI ..,., )I 0' : 'from head to toe' .
ll
t h e apodosis (JI...) by the pa rticle J. [ W II 34?C].

1• rl, )I (I,,, .,. l- JS ~~,: 'and a ll his efforts

would n ave come to naught, have g one the way of
the wind'.

n ..;,, ,._,I< I~: 'mere ink on paper, of no effect'.

IY Iraqi colloq.: 'a nice guy '.

( .:,.-, _,i.JI ) 'The Freemasons, Masonic Order'.

II ·\....:JI .: \... . name of an Arab club in

B'iig'ii.dad . , '--"

• •• ,,.1, • I ~ "-)I.... J....,: ' and l aunches devestating

attack s on . .". ~. -

l"l <:-\,WI ~ I : _Adjectives and participles may take

after them a limiting or restricting genitive which
~oes not, as would a construct fo rm, exercise a definin
~.n_fluence on tl_le . governing word. Thus, if we wish g
w:.... to be definite, we must prefix the articl to
it [W II 221B]. e

n U;,f 'f,' ._,..;_..JI l I,£;\

.c.ng land, 'the Prince
:~,: 'successor to the throne
of \./ales"•.

l"l" •,,1, u" ~.,»1, : 'and upset him'.

n .., )IJ~ ,...-:, : 'to blame himself (lit. 'to

assa il h imse lf with reproaches')'.

l"• u,WI •,';,: 'Ministry of Education'.

n ... d...:,.,i.: 'aboutto ••. '.
l"Y
.,,,1. ..,Lb.;; ~' : 'and is not easily taken

l"A ,,"'-ll ...._..\_,: ti t l e Of ·

u sed i r 'onic a lly as 'H" a _prominent ,:,ersonality (here
is e xcellency').

E 1A
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 41

.:....a,., 10..,_u~ I. : J.!1,_;. ••· ! .:,Ji • • • J,)'I J,b fa : J.:1,;,

... !....,:; ..,i. i:.,; •-1.- r- ~I ) _... : J.-. .,. )'I • • • .:. _,;J;, .:. fa Jal J. : .._,..1,l
· · • .:,SJ, · · · l.iA ··• r-11..~~JI, 0<...i,, .JL _,.11 :u-....1,l ... ,....i rt"' ..,;,:..i J,lJ ..,w1 .;.~ .;I ... ,:,..Lil I.la .__.,:L..,;.
J,.a., Y \.•. . ,._;;I .) u·"' I.,,; .::......b....l .lii. • • 11.h, ,, ., r_I ~[..!f cl1: .. • ...!:,WI . . .. ._..:.:JI' ~ I ..,II I.JI J .:, ,.i... ..,.w, .:,I
J' _,.JI •.u. '
, •I......JI ,,...J ...,..WI -.,..,-J; ~' , ..,J.)'I J:J~ _,.::., ..u ~ I .:,1 .•• Li-:~ .s ',I,. 1. JIO I".. • • • •t.: )'I a..!; ,.j .,-'••JI 1 .;.~I 1 _;..,:JI 1.,.._J. -,....,....,_
;,;- ,_,; ..,J. l,,L •w.;., .:,.-..~ J> ,)'I ,_,; <!l;: ..u, ,,-,d, • • • • c--'I • 1
1A
• ,_,. • S
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1Y
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•

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, LA .,..,1... v' ,,-,JI
• -
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I .:,-.-I; , • -1>,
•
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;,.:_; I.., r"f:;; ..;J:;.. ,,--, ,_,; .:,--1, rt"' ~•I;: l;.a, • • • ~l_,,.f .,,JI c:--1
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1' •

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rt"'t.;,I ..,; .:i,.,,,_,_ 1
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11 1 ,. 1., I. ,,-i-1,. .:_,i .:,.6, -.,..I;:.:,- .:,,J,-1;.JI 'J ••• t•s,sl; ,.J,
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•
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ir ,...,L;JI ...,~ ..=.... )' , i;,..,., t;.,:: ,,..i,
._y-11 ._..JI -=-.,.,..,I 1.1,-,,

... .,..,L:..J,, .il.;)'1 -.,..6~1 ) c:6---I 0<.lll .ili.l,i

1.;J • • • ! ~JS" ! J.ll, i'
'J v<-'< • 1:.._ • J-,~ , ~)'I <!1.c_,; ...UI l!l.,.ii .J.iJ : J.;I., _;.

0-''•_; :~! )', ~)I ...;.,...,_ )' v<-' · • • .,..,L:.,..ll, .iL,.)'1 j.;.,_
! - :._,....I.I

L... ,._,; ,\ii, ·UI ..,:t.i ..,JI .:1.,;i ~ ) .;;.,_ )' v<-' •.. ! _,; ,)'I

· · · r ~L~I, " ......., • ......, .:,jJ d,_,.,.. J!L, I.

~ I dJj .:,IS' l.i,J • · • ! ~I v" db • • • Ii,. :u....1:1
! ..,J H,.,. :Uf
,< Io ,. . 'I , , 0

._,.. ..._, , J ""-' .;._; ,.;)' •L,.,.:)'1 r'~ '"'l : J.:I, _;,.
I I I jl, . • • r o ! ,L,, : J.ll, i'
• • • r c'.:'k. .::.:I uw .. . .,i. ,._ t.,..:. ..ii= ) ,:h ; .r::-
.. . n! ;:;r .,,.., : ~J
IJ.2

... ! ..,11:J, ~fa

.:r ',r- cW: ..,; (!, .r', ... Li..: 1,.,..... r1 ("t"'I : J.:I,_;,
O!•~~I ..'.';,_;. dJJ Jli ..u ..,.,_, 'i, ,_,.; ,'-,..1.b;JI ,:.r- .,-• r %

~I · · · ...- .::. ,-., ,:y...1.11 ,:,- v-WI .>l.z:,I IJW, :.._,....1,1

! " I;.__ " .:, 7 ........,_ I ,.:ts' .:, JI

! v-WI ,, -lD ..,; .,) , ,_; _;Ji r-"' ; J.:I, _;.

.. w, ~I ..u ,.;;-,--, .,,....; L .:,I • • • ! .::.lt,.A :.._,....1,1
• • • v-WI , , -lD ..,;

.,.h:I • • • .,.h:I . • • _,...[;JI t....l : J.:I J;,

r I.la. .:,- f UL : .._,....1,I

-.JI c:"'I ... v-WI ..,; ',-i,. j.,, "'' I.lo. J.:I, _;,

' Wt.. v-WI "'f"

..,; • j...
.:ir 1:..... .i.,.,.,. er,....., t1 ..• ,.,.w, t....l : J.< "''
0 ts" ,:,..;
... !.::.,-,. " ,.,,.. Jn .:,_!; Ji, -',-A,. .:its'.:,-, ••• .::.I. ..; ,:;._
c.:,--:- ' 6J. ;. ' u- ;. · ·· ! ~f · · · ,1::-,.. _,;I , : J..:I , _;,
)-..b...K,Jibr ... ! ! ! :~J
" ,fa, : v....L:I
) -',.r- "v-1.,...Jl' 1.i.<> • • • _,h;I • · • ki _,h;I ; J..:I, _;,

'Wl...v-WI..,; ,,..,_ 'v-1.,...JI'

JIJ .li.l , ,-,, ~I .JJ 'i ..s .lll ..UI, • · · v-Wl t....i : v-y..11
•• • ~I... 1,_:;.,1.; • •• _,.:..JI ~l 1-S' ;.I.J .:J, , .::.,JI ..Ul J,--,
,,1.,,..JI ,~, , J)l.JI J.,.f , C..ol, '-,.; J,.,.-11 -,I_,:; -::..L L .:I
Jt.,,JI ,r,', L,-, t'"'- .ti, 0 1S' L, ,~L., -,..,L.-, , ._;lb, ~'
... ! .ill J,--, .:,- -.,. D ", l l._.,~
 44 45

NOTES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

• ,l.a..:I ..,_

I.a .:.,o .:,~I ..,_; I • · • .f l.i<, ,.j .:,~I J,_1: Ut. : J.!I,;,
! .. . .:,,..>.ll 1.i<s C" _;ib, ,,)l..il ._,:.,.. .,..J; -lil •.• .:,~I J.,,I,.;,- : the angel of Death.

l..i.,, 1 ,:l.;l~ t.,: 'What have you got to do with this?'

,JJI ~l_;;-1: 'May Allah put you to shame!'
.1J: an lj.lternate form for ~\ ;~\, the vocative
forms of ~I 'Oh, my father!' (\J 'ri 87D].
,t...,-1 1 , ,1,J, ~1,: 'Oh, the pain of my heart! •..
Oh, calamity! 11 ; usually used to express , sorrow or
pain, is called ..;.tl1 ._;,.... , the particle of lamentation,
and follows the rules of ~- Generally, as here, the
termination I.'.., in pause ·,1.:_, is added, which usually
effaces the final vowels [W II 93C].
l..i ,,. I,,: 'here he is'.
v .~,,: 'Oh, our bereavement!' (See note•) .

A
..UI eW , ..., :
lit. 'Hush, may God render you ugly'.
Note in· ,JJI et.:.; the use of the Perfect as an opta tive .
The Perfect is i.tsed in wishes, prayers and _curses
[I..' II 2D).

-1::~ o,-: 'anew, again' .

1.,.._,;1, : , 'Oh joy!'
Note the use of 1, here merely as
0 u..,:.it
....,!,JI - , .,...w1) .y : .:,- 1·
an exclamation rather than as a "particle of
1t' • - IIY ..JO,( C'-'b 'l _ ~ j ~ t lamenta tion".
11 ..:.,!..;. : 'Away with you!'

1r
1..1:. :Note the interposition of I. between a pre po s it ion
a_nd foll9wing verb. Other possibl e parti c l e s are
.:,I and ~I [H II 192B).
1 ~scoundrel' .
,:-l.. :
,.,;;; 'J : with fol~owing imperf. or :pre ~ica tive
di.;;
1\
acc.: 'not to stop doing , to keep on doing •
I• (.!!)JI, I.: ' \./hy do (you) ... ? why i s it tha t
(you) ••• ? '
11 'never'.
 116 47

IV , ;..:.G; ; ,.:.S : ·rhe s-3 two f o r ms fro m the same verba l n ..,,1,:'il J •~,.,. w, : 'and have not yet put him
root illustr~te a si gnificant fe a ture of the conjugation into thEf shroud' ,
of \'le ak verbs. 'Jhe n the vowel of th~ s e con~ radical is
1 or~. tha t vowel and t9e r a~ ica l or Zi! disappear ..,, d.. u ; I ~I : The compa rative ( Elative) form
rY u ,., is usecl ·here with .;,- to express the difference
are ;~placed by the~ or~ of the i n flection, e.g., between two persons who are compared, 'I know more
,r > I,_; • . 1., he n ~he vow~l of the second radical is II., than you about ••• ', lit,, 'I am more knowing,
only the radical~ or E disappears and the 11. forms
a dipthoni o~-~ with the waw or~ of the inflection knowledgeable, than you about ••• ' [W II 132D].
e.g., ,_,.:.1.;; > 1;_:.1..; [ \.' I il9B,CJ. . '
.,J ,,; r-,:U' : The usual vocative form of ..UI with an
rA
1A ..except
- r" ~)on..a-day
,:, , J,;,,,when'i
'They will not remember ...
:
•. • '. An exceP.tive s entence
elliptical construction in which a verb such as 'grant
us' or 'give us' is understood, i.e., 'Oh God,
with an a<.lverbial clause following '\'I, (W II 336C]. (give us) thy light:' [W II 89D].
,, c,,_1 1 'Jesus'. Lit. 'the Mess iah'. r, tt-' I. : A verb of surprise ~r wonder ( ...,.._....:JI J,.; ) ,
using the 3rd pers. sing. masc. Perfect Active of the
._..,.L: ~: 'tremendous height' . IVth form preceded by I. ( .;,_; .-n I.) and followed by
the accusative of the object causing surprise
I,.,, I. ' as long as they , •• ' • [WI 98CJ,
Tl t. 1 ) .:,,, Ja : 'a surplus of free time, idleness' , I. : Here I. means 'as long as' ( .. ,.,,..ii I. the ma
of duration) and the following Perfect take s the
H uWI ...,t,;.. : 'the cream of the elite'. meaning of the Imperfect (present or future )
[W II 17C,DJ.
Tl ;_.. :i, : 'the mortal e nemy'.
o!lJ : 'How strange: How astonishing: '
To
t
Itoat,
Jl...1
oppress
1 : 'to tighten the grip around s ,o., s
s.o., beset s.o, grievously'•
l 1
.~~I : 'Apostasy from the faith'. The name was given
to the defection of the Arab tribes after the death of
n },;I .,;-s., : 'let me think' . the Prophet •
TY ..,_l_,;JI J u~ 1" 1 'he will be buried'. ....,_ Cl : approx, 'now then , •• , now to our topic ' ( a
tr formula linking introduction and actual subjec t of an
TA ~,.: 'Mo s es'. oration, letter, book, etc,),
..,_\b;JI 0< : The second Cali h ..,..,;L ... ,:,IS' 1. : This constructio,:i with..,, . before the
figures of the early days of P' one of the greatest lt
predicate of 0 1S' occur~ freq~entlf in ne ga t ive
the Arab Empire (63 4 -644 ). Islam and the founder of propositions, rarely in affirmative ones. It i s
r- often found with ,_,.,,.I [II II 158C],
) d~I : 'take care not to
• , "·• to be careful not to, •• '.
n ~ An example of the
1 'i:
w ha future sense [W II 24use of the Energetic mood
C, 42B].
n 1.i....,. w
The particle w
J'u's'sive to mean 'not yet' [W here
: is
II 4 used with the
lB,C].
H ihe was raised up'.
rt v-'-> ,.J, : the energetic
. mood after the particle j,
ro •~-1.. : an
my Lord~' alternative vocative form for ,.,-, I, 'Oh,
 IJ-9
IJ-8

S ELEC'rION IV
• • t..., ..;wl .:,I c:J,--1 ..K c,;.-:-1, ,.; , .,: .1;. •• ..,. , 1,_

'' "J,j ~) .) ul. ,,.lill .lw ..... ,1 'IJti' ..._,I 'J di .. ,.., l,_
.) ~ I .....1, ;;. ..s ,- 01,,.:.J .:r ...,_,i 'J di · · 'rJ l,_
u-,..till .l,' .:,L,..J
,_,.,; ..; d ,-,-i

! cl.JI ._,;.l;., .• l,,.:.J.ll -.,.1..i, ,:r

.. .:..,.i 'I ~ ,

.,i.,.,..I ) ~ I 'I di · · 4 .jl, · · ,L.,..;'JI ,.; fal .:..l.i,,

....1,•. J 1. J5 · · ..,..;.; J::;I ,1.,I JI J..,I ) c:,k-1 'I, . · c1t, j
L..,
· .::..,Q!JS' .......... ,.,...1, .i-"I .::.£ .• •1,.J.11 'J.;;,i, 'rL..hl' u;.;,i .) ,-,.
<!-,-I,., ..s J.J,o u!. l jU.,Jl .bi..,,, , , •1,., ,I 1.1...b ,.; c:" ) ..;,_,..JI

L. ,.; r' r-'L.;Jl,_ L,.;I •• u-i.: 'J ..;,_,..JI .jl, """'"'

••
1
1.,.,.;'II ,.;- , I!.,.:: ~ j _,.j r1 · · •,,_;JL, •.le.r
J',.t.:.JI .;..i.-. J;-1.J ;J~ ,,,; .. ,,,.: L;t,,...i .;:.,I::.:: .;:..;JS',
•I •, . .1..o.,, 1,;..:. ,f
0 -I)
Is - .. I • ,.,; K' •,,-·'
J,-i :;_;..:. .:, I .i-" U ' ..,-. ' , - V 'T' ,.J'

._,; 1,-:~., C"'.l. ,,; 1

1,_;$ ._,; bl,.-,i ,.;~ .:r slb,,, ,,.JL,JI
.. 1:;;. 1::,. -=- ,.i ,I .. r1.;i, .. ,.,;., .,..,,.h)I 0 r-"'-< .:..1., ,_;Jt ,..L,
.. ..:-L.::...1 1.,.;.I,
",.,,, P, , • ..,..1 .i...lJ ..:-L.:,.., I
..,.f r1 di · · .,ali:.,
~I' r"I .:r .M' .:I . . ..s .,_. ,.; L. 'Ji ._,;I.I _;i ~'
'I o1s .:,I .. o1s .:r .:,IS' ,.,,1..;. .ji, .. ~b 'J, ..r>- '! 'r[;:_.Jt ,
1
-.,_,,__JI v>,, ..,_;,,., .. J,_L:...ll .;.L..a- ..,_;y.." 'er JS' ..,_;y.. 1,,...1..o J r-
u••.t- ...... ._; ,.;.;; .,.l, xi,
0
..i...,_ slll .h,LiJI -.,.;y.., · · s.L..a- J;-1-'
!,_)I.;. .:,is' ,.,_., ,.; A .. i.,.:5 A .. A, ,dJj J5 .,.;y.. ..
• J ,_L:.Jl ..s .L..-,..1 )l,. .,_.,.:; 'J · · )I.,. -",.:; 'J ·r . . L,_..i: ~ '
•• ,.;.;; ,,..L, xi, ,,-1:-,. ..,lll .h,l,.:JI 1..i.-,J 'J, ,._.,.,JI u>,.,J 'J,
.J,_L:.JI J,_i-..Jl .:,I · · ,:;,.,.;;-'I _,;..'JI ,-<> 'J,.L~ ._,I:;, .:,IS ,J
..;JI u" )l,. .J,,.:; ) 0' c;;JI ..,..LJI J ,:...JI, , L..,t..-f r!-,;;
 50 51

J~ .::..IJ,.:JI ,h -:..:IS', • • J~-:11 .i..; .bi; J., . , J ) ~ 'J I

• • L:..:. .ii::: • ~
_;;...,.) ,JWI ._,..ij J~-:11, , 1..,_~ )If.: J~)'I .i;.:,_ \,i
) .:nJ u <>iill J;..IJ
•, .,:..-1., ..,:...,,.,., ,_,;.-;;,,, .:,,,,JI .:,.: ,;;; ,.,Jl J,;.-1e .h,l.:JI .:.,If,
1 )r ..:I· · yl~i ._,; .;J:;.;.. .,_J,i ._,...,.1,. ) ~ , • • Jtr.:.I ; .,.
• • .:,U> .; JI .,J;,,;,_, • -.-Ji ._,; ..,J r- r , .:., ~.,-JI Jl. J)~-:/1
1
.:.,1 • • .1.-1. .,;, , ,1;.1.... .s;, '(7' .s;, · ~ .s ; ,sJ:y..
.).;.I ..,;i J>~ .:is' • . .1,.,_ -l .:Is" •• •- ' ,... ' • • JWI ._,..f, ,-,.
- ..,. . u - """' ..,.:.., ..,...J .:,fs"
• • ., _,;.)'I .::..IJ ,_:JI .::L.; L. ~j ;, ,.:JI ,JA .:.,- pf ..Ji ,J,
.; J ,-! J -iDi'

! J, _,.;.JI -.,..L:JI I1A J _;.j ,j,$ 1,_.,. ;J,.:JI ,h ._,; c:...-'> ,?), · • J~'JI ~; J,.; .,_.il,:; .)

._,.JI ;; ,..._JI , J ,.:JI ,.i<> J _;.j ,j,$ t...,;..:J IS 1., •· _;,,4-;'il L,..i t_-'> di.JS',·· ,s_,;.11 .:..IJ,.:Jl, y...;
.:,.. .:.,-._,....l) l•w_,. ~-· ~I li,;Jl; J,11 r,..JI .i:. L:;_,. ,.J
;,,; ,JI.; .:.,IS" LS ifJ)'I c))l. u" .L,.I -:i, .:,,-a,L •IJ ; , ;Jlill •)';,a

,i....., ,,la,.::.11 )L:..., ,1,~,-.11 )l.i..o J-:i,1 .:.,- r-'l . . )I.;. ' ' ' '
1rJJ!. J:o, <.!llio r-'l .. 1t,.,.......i1 ._;h..,.JI ..,!JI J'J,i r-'I .. .:,.<,1;.JI
. d# ..ii,.:;' ..,....,.:.-1 ,s..UI _,.......JI ,.il,,JI ll .,_ii .,..,;I .i..- J)',i · ·

ell- L,J ,...b yj .. J~)'I ..,!JI , .i<:, _,6; .},

i.:.kbr c, L;.,.JL.., c: J, )I.,.:::; cl... .. Jt...JI, .:,.>)WI c-1~ ~,.
.:,i .. ;J,_:JI ,.i<:, Jh:, .. ._;.b.;JI .:.,- .:,~ • • J.-JI ._,; !;,,-LI ~ '
.. t;.,,-LI ..,J,, , i.:.w.i ..,J,

,::-,,., ,j.,_,.,_ s,~ ._,; s .ill

._,; ..,J_,,.a,. •~I l.i<:, JI. .>.iJ
.:at; ._,;i I. r- 10 :,ii ._k;.
.,_,_...,;, s , .10 t_l ,; ')I..,.

.. )' .~,

.,.u.r v"'
.. .,.u.r "'
..:.;IS"L,.:~

,b
 52 53

cr-<l •,.sl,.L...; ,_,l, ,.s ~ ., .::.....-0 ,.s.ill ._,; (S' j er-< :.s-.,..... · • 0 ,..,.J.- f I
· · _,...;JI : J ....,ll - ,5 .ill •~I .. \,.!JI 1.i.o ,.,,.1o .,JI ~,. ~ I ,
'J r 1\ Lo.µ :.. ,..,.. , 0" ,,,.:JI JSI;,. ,-,,, i-4-,. ,.s .r--"' 015 ,.,JJI v • .i...JI )1' .,J r JI;,. 'i .h,L.;JI 1.y d.Jj ~,,

.,J, JA ) <,Yl)° j ..,:.1,t...:: .,,.:.u, · · rll:;'il, .fu.1.1 ~)L ~ , • .,..,..11 c)L .,.... ,.;
4-
i...,i..::.:1 v" ...:1, yls' • • L.J 1, ... T· 0 ,sl ) 0" • .d .,:Is' ...,.,, <Y.r.
L,.!I .,.j ._,J. .j.i..!- ) ::,._ .,JI

i.. pi rJ; rl · · )1..,-6 <ft' ,.; .,Jll:.I ,.,:; rJ; rl dJJJ

...,; •li,;..-1., 1,.i • , ,.;i1 • JI,,; -=-, .1or r 1
T , ..s _,:;[;.J ue-1,. ...i.. .:.; .,...:-1
.:......,..oi <!l.l.l,, L,iJ.I ._;JI .:-1..iwl, r-)'I 0" TT, ,_,l, ~ I ~1_,..;JI
.:..1.1.....JI ~,:. JS' ,_; J, )'I .,.JI ;;_,.,..k, ._,,. ;;. ,s:,..JI
._,J. .::.J ,:;.-I • • ,;IS",:.
y..i t.,.£), ,,,,.:JI ~.Jl,. ,:r i..i,J L;..b; !.r-P rl t.,.£), ·· y..i · ·
'r-)'I ...,.i.l Lr,,i .. µ -=...,..,..,i t..;,,_f .:..IS".,..:JI ,A, · · ,_,l, y,.,_..i.J •li,;..-1
! ,,z .J .,b, . . y ,1 .JI ,_; .,.JI ;;_,.,..k, d .l.i, -=...,..,.., L;
.:..1 1;i)I ,.y r'°" ,.j TT' JL..)'1 .,!1,.J .:.._;:,,I,
1
L,J> r'°" ..:.. ;:,,I

,.s.ill, • ,..,.,.... JL..)'I Ji.-, r....,, .. ..-,...: .,,.: L,.;I J.i,

0
) 'i ,.s.111, , uw1 .,11 .J1,.i ...,..,.... , ......,, ..,..,.... ':I
. t, . . ~I
JI.- J u ' • .:..:,..JL
. . •. cf ; ...__JI
. JI,. )'I .·,) · · I..,:, ..i..,..._ .JI ,.. i

'l..J ~,.,. ,_; ,.s,,,.:; ';/:.:....:,. ,- 0" 1,J..a.,,.,. ._:ii 0,J,L,.,_ J l.. ~1
. . JI ,.i L.._;, _,. ,.j <S _,...,..:; 'i s j
........ , ..; ..s ,i .,:),
•,~, i ,, • ....,, ci.l .,,..,, ..::.._i ;;
1
,_;JI . ,.L:. ) _ 0
,.J,,.,_ JL..)'I JL.-,, - r-1-j d ,
,.L:. u,,.,-6 .::.......J ..,,., •• ._,,...:JI ..:..1,,.:JI ._; r'- LI -..,,...:
;:,i, ',l....)'I c:) 1.~ rt"ri _;::.: i
·: JWI J>-""L <S,-... i 1.~ ~ ri
'4<.Jk.:;';/I ._;,_...JI ,_; _,..ill ,:r ;J~ .) l;J,i .iii dJ j ~,, • 1 ,.:JI

. • .h,l.iJI I.is, ,ilS° -"" ci_,..:::; l.:l.6,..r. J.,J .. ._.,...: . , ,.: L,-;l r1w1 c:""- .) b),
,..._ ..} .h,WI I.is, ) ,-.c, "'-,JI ..;.,;JI •. ,,,.:JI ..w .:,_,,.:; t,,.,-i J.,J ,i • · ,,,.:JI
·· .J ~ l,,;lb..,..r. ..:..i..i.,,
. . ci ......= is.:.,.r ..:..i....,,
 54 55

,_;- j r-"° JS' . • ti,,:,,. .) r-'° ..,_j ..,__,,_ )' • • ,.,;, I ,_l;.; r,JI'
.. ,.i. <i--'" A,
)' ,..,.1 .P, . . 0,..tll .; •~i 0' .:.Jbi .) .; .,.,.. d,
._;; fal ,I n, Jl.i.,.. .; ::,i. JJ ..,_L .::J..::I UJ; , ,,:.:Jt.,., .)
•
..,t. 1..., ~I ..;. , ..,_1
• I ,:..£ •
.. 0 ,_;.J..Jl, .)1&I ? ., JJI l;I · · ,.,;,

J • .;; r- .,,_.,; ,_,I. !iii, )'J 0 ,..t)I .j u!. J .,,_ 0' .le-,.._ '} 0 1S' ,S JJI 1;j
I
.!I )l.. I .,.,. t...•I ;J .)I J-y L.,..;r, l"•
..,,. ' ; -
.,:I..,, ' ..,_<>) .:r
0 ,..tJI

..,....JLI 0' I -1.>I, i. ,- 'ii ..,,,.i .fiJ, , J.,i .) ,.; .,.,.. 1;1,
•rt.i .) 0 '11 ~r 'I .,..,.i..i . . J.....ll

Ji1 .. If 1~_,.i,. r1 ,_,.WI .:,SJ, ,)W .,;, -:..,-_,;i ,,,.:JI 01

..,_I t.,..; cro-1 l.,.;J •• J!IA ti_,; .:r l.,;J • • ,.,_ l,.;J d ._,;,_.-

.. ._s.U.

<r"I <JI •. ..:..,.1 ._,;I • , I_,..; J,.Ji ,,. _,;.T ,.k

JI. .,JI., ~I ,t,; .; .,...,,;:; , ,_h..Jl, <r"I, , , J ,_; ._,;.I?

r, ..,w ..:..L.._,i)IS' r'JT, •. ..,,.J; .; Jl... '..,,!, ..

;..., .,;L J,; 0' J-_i< ~l, ..,.-1 ._,;I · • ..,.ll- ~ ,

.. ..:..,..1 ._,;I· ·.,.,__,.

r-J,....i )' '.:,.-Jill J,_L:.. .fil,

; ..1ol,..JI .;...JI .,._L.JI ,.u )'J
, ( c-,b '/ , 0,WI ..,£.
Yr l , Y\" I _ yr y , Yr O _ YI O ._,-,

J/14
 56 57

NOTES AND IDI011A1'IC EXPRESSIONS
IA
,,
v..us: 'Huda', a 11oman's name. Here: the name of the
girl vict im ized by the Pasha , t he major character in
the story who a ddresses his confessions to her in the
followini:; letter.
-,-, I, ~,JI: In phrases expressive of command, wish
(as here ) , reproach, praise, salutation, and the like
the accusative of a noun is used which depends on a ' fl
verb which i s understood. Thus in this phrase we must
supply a verb such as 'send' or ' grant' [\{ II 72D J.
r IS'I,,,. : Unlike 8nglish, verbs expressing the
idea of 'to be able' may take a direct object in Arabic. (f
.....,1 : Note that the passive of this verb is
~~~din· this line and the next.
,_,,;; : 'Tafrdah': a woman's name.
fl . 1 ,:,- ..;I .;IS' : Another example of the interposition
uf a particle such as 0 1 or I. between a preposition
~nd a following verbal phrase. See note 1! to selection
b The elative is used here in the sense of
f!! ~h~::h I were too insignificant to be ... ' LW II 132D].
Here: 'account books' .
~ I ..,_Jl_,.;JI ..,;; •~-- 1 : 'the payment of the amount
of,,I,taxes that I owe d (1 1t .: 'demanded of me' ) '.
'business circles'.

'the savings of the Unions

~IJ,: Here: 'dribble'.
1,_;.: .,h;: : 'that looks askance at ~1!,,.,.11 : 'corporations'.
, here: !•
'that r eflects an angry look in my eye'. •
1.,,,:5 .,~,
.,1; r-!, : 'the Revolution didn't pay much
!l
attention'.
• • • .,h; ._,..., .:,. : 'from the standpoint ••• • .
y If" ,:~: 'free from 1 • ,v ~I.,.. c:.ilbi : 'released me' .

(A
approx. 'to kiss my feet' .
A ··· ) J~: 'as soon as, at the moment that •
v) v.,;_,,,: 'to put on the dress of ••. , to disguise
._;~ J : here: 'coldly'•
itself ... '. 'his wife writhes seductively'•
r,
I· ~f _,J t .,;..J lS
o a hyp~thetical stnten n 1~;:rsion of the usual order
· L • A
r1 i:;.., II: here: 'to wear out'.
would not have been dece ce w1 ~he apodosis - 'we
'had we known .•. , . i ved · • • preceding the protasis

• I1 .:,.ti, ,JI /Lv : 'petty officials•.

I! ,_,,.;...JI L . 11 iWJ.' I : 'l
,,....~ ower middle class, petit bourg eois',
Ir JJt.: ''irdil': a
Huda who was also if~~t;;im1ze
~and, th e friend and beloved of
by the Pasha:
II ..:._i, .. , • '1'1 h
f atherv~ Hut;°,: t:ff~nJfmad i ffendi al-3ayyid,: the
after the given name. usually is a title of respect
I• ... j! +'.: 'it seemed to me, I imagined
.
11 t. .,h; ...,... ' : 'its view-point'.
···'.
IV
.,,,, : 'so what!' (Eg . colloq.)
A
Id
 59
58

!~'J,~
SELECTION V
.:.-,,iJ~ •t_JI ,_:JI cj A~ 1 ~ .::..-..,b V. .J,. v' .;-,..; .::.:;J;! .:-,
r-< ..,,,.
,-· 1 ')(.. v-
7
.-~.ill u I.JI ._ )r-~ ' V... )I..;,; , ; J I.;. } '
L,..;
•
; 1 1.;. 1- ·I
'"t"">' ,.....

r"''-1, ._..;~I, e),.:JI .:;,')I.,_ i 1 L,.,JI, .1~1, , J-,JI <il.:.i, f"l"'""-i,

.w, (~ 1;.,1, ~.> 0 1 ;L,. .:,!I, . • ~1_,., ~1 1 'J,.,, ~I..!,
· ,.,.$ .:I... ,t,,'JI .j ")l.;L' .:.;IS"
J ,w1 .,,...~i, ui; .:...,J!,:: , 1~, ;..., __..r L:1 ~,
; )UL; c,ft,!I..,_ I• J,.~I J,..lJI, .:,.:_,ill

, JL v' f d:,Jl...- , 0 1..:.,.1 JI C:--;: .:- ! 0 ,..:,-, 1,, _

.,J.1; • .:r-rr cj .:I... ~I, d;, I,. .:.,o C"" 1 1 • JWI ..::..-.,-- ,..;.$ 'J
[
0
,_:.,.-1.,JI L<,).:T v' ,,.....,_ .}, ..:.-h d:.I.;.. 4-: .::.._,.. <11' l.;.J.ll
1 1. • ,, •
l~;lb , Jr- 'JI <il.,l)I !-f ...:.:JI 17 _,.; ~' .;,.11., ! ,-, ,-L>
: .:.J; •. T , ; fa; UL., , _,$;:JI cj t:-,L .,JI)" • !! 1 1,-s- J' .:;lb..'.:.ll
.,,..,,. ' ! ;;).;.. ~I .:;I y.t v" l~'J,.1 l.., -,...$1 .1,,...,-: fai <f' -
. Jj)I J-,.: .:;,;,:. ,; _. L... •l;.i.,,I
" .,,, ' '!' ! ._,:...:JI if ., .,;JI J ,t..; 'J UW - : JI;
: ;; '1.-,J I ._,...i:., !! ,Lt.-

..,11 .,_,di • .:,,w..i..11 ..;,_JI .:, ,..i;.;:....,_ r-'' · ..;, I .;JS -

• .,J•t...r:...I ,":.;, L;_,.JI .,.,,; .s ~I .,_L:.,JI
,s,, 1_, .,,:t;
-·
L,.::...J., -4 1
.,1 ,i .,_w, db .::..Ln-' .::..-'-"-"' ~ '
1T '1
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 66 67

NOTES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSI ONS .:,- ,i_;_.. : 'beware of ••• , wa tch out for '' An
indeclinable imperati ve form sometimes used instead
of the conventional form for certa in verbs [ 'J I 62B ].
J-,'l : 'let us go ••• ! ' , The Jussive of t he ve rb
r )KJ1, r )LJ1 ...._, : 'after the (conventional) greeting after the pa rticle ( .,. ~I r~) ll.-1 I I 3513 ].
and (casual ) talk'
'in cha rge of, responsible for'.
li,,;..s
1}.. ..:_;;.. : This is an example of the use of the
cognat e accusa tive connected with an adjective which 'naturally, of course! certa i nly! to be sure!'
toge the r define or limit the verbal idea in th; way
tha t an adverb would in English. Here, e. g ., 'I 'ne gatively'.
shook him roughly, ha rshly ' ; lit. 'I shook him a
rough s ha king ' [W II 56A]. _,....:JI .:,- .:;,,i. L,_,.; : lit. 'turba ned by a "Burning Bush"
of hair'.
·,; • • • ~ I : when the protasis of a correlative
c(~ndit_on~l s)entence contains a verb in the Impera tive J.,..., '"--J: one of the main student buil dings at the
t he re - ~ 1 , the v~!"b in the apodosis will be in !•
American University of Beirut.
e Jus s ive (here = ,;, ) [W II 37C].
n ,....ii..,._;..;, ,.,.w1 ~,J: the author's two dra ma s t ha t
• .,....hJI •-"' _.} 'WI r ,-,,; .:..., : 'you will be knocked were performed a t the Ame ric a n University of Be i rut.
unconscious (lit. 'you will count the stars at noon' ) .
)(,,.;L: 'Manila' (Philippine Islands). !Y dJl,-,..JI _?j.J lit. 'debts rec ord'.

u,,,li.,.,: a small town in Lebanon and one

community centers . of the Druze
lA ......., •-'
\;}. 'our pric es a re inexpe ns ive' .

'mandolin'.
I. y U.:~: 'int erest'.
!I

'f. 'millionaires'.
A ' my wanderi~g •.
ti ;=:_;, An exa mple of the use of a n object pronomina l
c:r )l.;; : 'beside aside from sll.ffix
0
returning to the same person a s the · s u uje c t of
l e t alone ... '. ' •··• not to speak of ••• , the verb cre a ting a sort of refl exive. The us ua l
1•
procedure in Arabic is to put the su f fix on t he wo r d
J,,~I J,.;ii, .,.;_,.JI _,.;: he r e: (soul, self) but with so-c a ll ed "v~;:bs o!' t he
1 • - .. 'the devil • • heart", such as th i s one which mea ns uo t h i nk ,
11
· ,.. ,.i.. ' 'Hello • • Uncle consider', the suffix is sometime s at t ached d i rect l y
1l [ 1J II 'f8D, 272B].
cl... : here: 'roller• •
1r tl 'I h a ve a nythin~ to do with
' waiting room'.
ll
d.,!IJ:
rr .,,;La,...;.; : 'my rati ons, a ppro pria tions'.
'informat i on bureau' .
1. <!l,.WI ._,.1..,T 'etiquette, rules of be ha vior'.
'Come on: Let's go:•
11 to 'Anglo-Saxon' •
B~ff;;t~ ._s.,,,.~I ...._~,: 'the American University of
IV
n 'the "top" of her thi gh' .
1;,:1,1 J ~ ,
'Constantinople or ty 'the ca lf of the le g ',
IA Athens•.
'Jerusalem or
Baghdad'. ~I : a lo a n word derive d by t he a uthor from the
Eng lish ' a thl e tics'.
 68 69

l,.. ~4, _; , ),l.!1 : 'to share with him a bottle of beer, . SELECTION VI

l• .o-1:.,JI,: 'balloons'.
ll J,I,,; .:....hi: 'broke my heart'.
ul ,,:... .,JI : 'the restaurant' •
tr ,JI: An elative ( ;'.w\) form of a verb whose first
~~ical is,p.amza, · this stands for a theoretical
jJII from I"'!' 'painful, sad, grievous' [\./ I 144C].

; f cJ .::. _,t.; ,J .,.;JI ~I, d.:I I ~ I ..,_Joi • : .c..L;

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 '?6 77

NO'ris ,\ND IDIOi1.A'l'IC EXPRESGIONS • •: ,_.i; ..,.,., J. J,:.;, : An example of a ._J\... ..i...,
l\ c~r~umstantial clause, in this case nominal wfth a
finite verb for its predicate, where waw connects
two cla~s~s, the second of which describe s the sta te
or cond1 tion of the subject of the first (W II 330B] .
.),JI -,J, I : ',nest probably'.
._,,liJ;,.. : 'leftovers, refuse' •
.!JI jt_.. : 'God forbid i ' !l
...--s1 :,, r, : 'and <Aziz the blind• •
r .:...,~ .,,. : 'a match'.
,; ,,P r!.,., : 'and raised his voice ••• ' •
I\
)I,,.: : ' Sheila', the name of his girl friend; ,
,; , JJ., : 'Dorothy' , the name of the coffee-house.
.,,,) : '(Sigmund) Freud'.
0P.: 'Jean', the name of John's girl friend'.
11
'John (Peters)', the name of his friend.
J.S
,1. ~I : the "title" and name of an Indian
y ' )!; )lJ : ' to the elite ' •
!Y p~ince, 'Kamal Singh', who is a friend of the group
in this story.
A ,L , ':!., :,;,.JI ,1 • ,:,,.,.L ,1 • Ii ·1 ·ll 'Casanova, or
Byron• or the Marquis cie Sader., ,:,,,,- : 'Maureen', the name of the Indian's girl friend.
!A
r. : 'Cambridge (England), • ..i., jJ .:...:; -s,: 'and that I have nothing to do with'.
ll
1· 'i,, .:I...JI : , English refinement'. 'Schizophrenia' , a type of psychosis
I,,; j , ~ I :
f• characterized by disintegration of personality.
..,..S..:. : 'Shakespeare, •
.JI,,;. -s, J..;. -s: lit. 'neither horses nor caval_ry';
\\

\l 'Dostoevski' ' the Ru ssian novelist (1821-81). i.e., 'completely destitute, empty handed'.
If ½l:,1 : . 'the lowest' meanest ' n
,-,.,:.... 1.;,:...., : 'and did the same thing, imitated them'.
wft'h with a pronominal suffixof ihem_ • The elative of
a suffix, the arti 1 re erring back to ..,,1,.. ., •
construct state th lee, or when placed in the ·,
superlative, as'her! e[~tiie 2f~J:he meaning of the
\I ..l.,..JI,: I
exactly, precisely' •
\. .l.i.:J.....:;: 'kerosene-lamp' •
11 .;,Iii <:.J.....
of be i · : is one of th
Imper1e~ri~d_use~ in the Perfe~t JW1, verbs &!~'
negative partt~1aet1ve["verb. Note the po!itfioolnlowing
w II 108D]. of the
IV
' going and coming'.
\A 'Faust'.
\I
'I imagined myself ••• ,.
'fleece• ..
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 82 83

l 1
~,._;.,,_,, NOTES AND IDIOl'IATIC EXPRESSIONS

.I; .~ ! JI;.; (.I, ( .,h~ .;JI • .i.e. , , l.'" -,_I

t l , ~ l , , ~ ~I •~, .,_J.; <,t 01 .J (_"fl ._;., , ¼-=,I _..! o!l.;i ..,._..;i 'do you think that
, t..Jlh,1 ;i.,.. ._;t., ".;,..JJWI'~ 1k. .,..,...1 .al ! ....;.; .:,~I -,-.l...,_ .;.ill 1.i.o
0 1 d., ,~I 0\S: 'it would have been more suitabl e '.
0I 'J,J, \ ......,, ~ , .:IJ ,.,..,_ I. uli Li-" .ii.:,. .:,I r1 .s.J, .;\.h..JI : here: 'the ring of a blocka de' .
..,..,. 91,..! v> u.6, • li,.:l..1.>-I •A .s:U.:
.....,
.,JI ~lh,I .L!.: "" ,i,..1<>

.
.JP ., _,,;, : 'by which he was surrounded' .
,:,I 01$] dJJ ,J 'J -=-~ .J.,.: ..; .:,,-:.....,. 'trivialities, superficialities'.
. .:..I .ill, ;J,,1.11 db ..; &aj
.:r r" J,.... ,r 0', •.:,.l.JWI •'J;.s,. 'to affect' .
J.,; (,~ .;L.: 0I ~, ,.,i.,~, .:r ,:,1.,.,., ..; JI;: I. d;I 'it is inevitable, unavoidable ' .
..:1...: I..., ; .,.s (,-.;J ....., d,I.I 0', , if I ,JI 01 'way out' .
•,.WI • ..ti. Jl...::;i .:,,.,, d;,.,; • .,1.....,1 J4::, <!l,~ .:,I J.; 'in the meantime' •
•l;;:'JI • .:U. J
· ,~I ,:,I;., c.j .;,,.. ;;.,_,..; 1 , 0 1~,JI .,_.~ ._; J,.,-1, .::..; cl-,) c.j
7
,:,1;,.i ~_,J 'Louis le Grand'.
, ' <!lL,J ,j' e_,L! c.ih....:. ..i:. ,i,_.l.o e_.J, ._,.~'JI 1.L. .,1, •and became on intimate terms with him',
II .,,JI.,..;\;:
01 .,,JI ,,1.,... .:r _;,..: J- <}, ,'.:JJ... .:.,L ' e_,l! uil
er!'', \! '-t-!', ~w 'features of his face',
.JIµ .J ,.,;.,,. 0 1 •J...,, .:,.'-> .,_J.; <}, , 1..., .;:.;IS .,1µ ._£
J'J ,.,~1 : 'Capolade'' a coffeehouse in Paris.
Ir
• ,.....i.11 ..,i U,..l.o . . . th SeijSe of , lo: see: behold:'
\( IJ\; : Here 1.,1, in . e -~iw• 1.;i the ill.a indicating
\. called by the grammarians ' · wed b' a nom i nal clause
something unexpected), i~ follothe p~eceding st atemen t
and r e f ers to the s ame time as ·
[\./ II 283D].
lo J,;cil .lh, : 'for being unbearable, a bore'.

\1 aw 'J.1 <I' ,:,1,: 'in but a moment'•

IY I.;......._ JI d'l.;; 'to. come t- o their hearing' .

,IJ • "'-,_,.,) .;.,:)(JI ir-Jl : .:r IA ' in French' •
..,,
• ( I '1 · • ...._,l.,.JI 4,hll • .,_.l.,~1 '.;, '.I : •definitely, certainly' ·
W _A, <.I' \S • ' They (Fu'mi'" and the au thor )
( \..,.,JI ) ,,..;.,JI '-:' .,:;1 \.JI> \; • (the two girls) among those
were the nearest to tnem
present' .
'which r ages within him' .
11 'he coul d not but ..• '.
 84 85

"'...., .,. ,1...1 : 'the f ac i a l expre s sions of his friend• • SELECTION VIII
H

'he found himself saying'.

'the very same'. .:r-- t ->->.i
,., ~J: 'reaction 1 •

IV I ~ .:1... r""i:
..,..,,I, ,j 'I am older (rega rding time)
than you in Paris'; i.e., 'I have been in Paris
longer than you' •
IA .I. ha~i tie ~~n;e' ~o :~~~-I was given the opportunity, 1~,

• ,, .,.. ,:r ;;__.1LJI ,_,; t:I, ..,,i .J <->'-1-i T' ..,,_).;JI r'
II ,...., r _,,I : 'dis gusted with, tired of them• •
r, .~.:..,.: 'hurrying , quickening his pace'.
,.;.,lb ,.:,-.i:lb ,:r .:.,,5:.,. I", <..ii,JI .:c.,-., ,:r h., .,..~I I.L,, .:.,ts'

n
-:.,..c,j 1.x. .,,,..... _,; .:.,IS' •WI c,i-J l, J.,,...' kAl.i....l 0 1:;~ ._; ·.., 0 ,i
I. : 'it did not take long before he
n
• • · .) .:..,.I,
···'. ,"'1.1.l, .:.,b~ ,,,.WI ,.y.lhll ,_,;, 'Ci_i Li,..; ,1.:,_ l:.,._J ,,_,.;.~I, ,.,,Jj
•I; ...,_JI
;.;....ii : 'absurd coincidence'. also
' hollow shell •
rr L,..,J ,....,.,..:.,, (.;.; ., . . , ..:,.-:, , w.,_j L:.,._J ,,_,;.~I, , t..,...; .:.,,'_,i,. ""i::bl .i'J,~ kAl.i....J
the accusat ive of 'ip~~ific!~? inS t ances of the use of
an indefinite substantive i or th e :,,,,.; in which d.i....i ,:r .,,.t. .,JI;:; L.. ..:,J ...;;-..:: 'J •I. r-i L,..:t;) .i....i ,_,; •,,..,...:_; ,
immed i a tely a fter a verb a~· e_accusative is placed
here, superlative [W II i22Aj~ctive, elative or, as ..,i., , 0>-)l.,k .i....1 r1, .,..s .,; , ..,..:.;.. .:r •lb, .,,i., 1. .)I. _;J I
n Wl, u-.', ~: 'he d'd
i not say a word'.
ro
,;_,. c,- : 'on the stage of the Hibertot theater'• Uj,; , .,.,_ _;JI Ji.J ,_,; j ,ill (..:.,_ A) .._:...:.., • 0~ ...,JI 0~ .:.,- .i'J, ~I
r1 ,.,,,J,WI: 'the just (pl)' (
Albert Camus th . refers to "Les Justes" of
J-11 tt3r- ,!..,_J:; .:.,I •WI, , J-11., ,..i.:.; ) L:....b::....I I?" lb,-,_,. .)ts'

rv
• e note d French writer).
• .,,_l~'J 4-c,-, .,_ 1 t. _.,JI .Jo .:r l~ _,..b J;i ,..,_; , . , _;
,.IS _..,JI : 'Albert Camus ( 1913-60 ) ' .
' .:1.,.. _,.!I.::.::.; Ci_.i u1,,. • .b )l,JI ..,i. <.J~.,; _,..a.> : .,..id!, -::. I' .ii'
rA u .,s..:1, u..JI>, .:,l,,,.... :
r1
• ~L.... . three of Camus' characters•
' . J,...c..o, ,i'-..i,,..i.,- I~,,_;;.:...; t:....,_ ..,J. Jll ~).)I._;;.,.,_ ..:.Jj ~ ,
a . . indifference' ( \
ve~~~ft~~e prefix attachedat~e= ~~!plound base~ on~ as 1.....1 ,.ii .,; t:"" , ; _p.--,JI L,_1, j ,:r .,_, I j ,_,; r':' , ).,JI , j _,L)I s,_ JL~ -:~
rm). _ owing nominal or
,4-\u.JI ().! ~I• 1 •
'J ._;;.,.. ls.j)Lb .._..,,.1,., (t..>1 .1;....:, , .:r Ls_;,i ,1,J~I , 1,, ,
I wa s carried • enthusiasm overwhelmed
away by enthusiasm, zeal'. me'; i.e., ._,lb. . J i ~ t..J;i, .1,_..i 0' .1,-i 0= -4,- Y. ;_,l::i.JI ,y,;;.;
11
~J.1t, 4U;b; i · 1
eyes' (a literar u _,,,. .,. : 'without bl. . r,--"L,..d, ·c:..1,.iJ1 .i'J,l <.J,L.:.. ,:!..U, , .:.,,-1., ::.,·; }bl ..i, • " ""' .)L'> .i.,
near synonyms). Y figure composed of inking his
two parallel r"j ..,....;i ) 11 ..UI jl...., , -::-1,.ii 0' -,-i'dJL, I. J5 I.L,,
, II
'inferiority complex' . I~, '1 ,Jc. ....il::..:..:; µ1 .:r JS' ,:r
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 90 91

NO'rE.3 AND IDIOM !>.TIC .;;xPRESSIONS ..,,..~ : another formula meaning 'I shall never do it
a gain' .

II
. _, ,_;i : 'I turn to God in repentance' .

t,,.:JI l;..,_: 'our sheikh-schoolmaster', !l ..,,w..,,. : a loan word from the French 'immeubl e '
' i'urni ture ' •
.;,,J;JI : name of a local quarter in Cairo.
1r .;t;: V' ..i I. : Another example of the use of u- a fter
w,JI "'"" ,;,- \;,,: a house maintained by a religious the indefinite\., See note , above.
endowment ,waqf ) .
It .. t.. r;;., 'replaces him'.
J,,,.. here: 'a public fountain' ,
I• •1:..:.!J1\£: 'we used to si gh deeply'; i. e ., 'we
'a space, hallway'. used to be greatly relieved'.

.:,l.;JI -,,1...J .:,- .,i. JI,_; I,. : ._,. is often used af~er 11
•L,;JI L_,..a. : 'law school'.
the indefinite pronoun I., in some cases in a partitive
sense, to explain a general or universal term by a !Y ~,_JI l..u,, .,i. ' in this way' .
special or particula r term [i-1 II 137D].
IA .._,,L,JI 1.:U. ,j : 'about this matter, re garding th is '.
y .;.> : Here · has the meaning of so that, in
order that' [1fi:r 29B]. ll v.<, ,...i., : 'two large bowls' .
) ~, 'for fe ., r that •.. , fearing c:..l: J,; : 'cooked broad beans with oil' (na t i ona l
dish in Egypt).
\...I ,JI : 'our slates, writing tablets' .
rI v.<, ,_..WI ,j ,........, 4 I_,.,_,.;, 'and plunged their hands i n' .
I• .:..1,..i1 ,~,4 'those descended from good families,
highborn . n I!,,_,. I!,,;.,, 1,.i;i : approx. 'and they ate with enjoymen t ' .
\\ .lJI _;t... 'God forbid:' H ·--.~· \; •• , 'J : The Ener~etic of the Imperfect
ll Uussive) and of the Imperative used in a prohibiti on
J.;..jl ..,,.. 'palm branches stripped of their leaves'. and in a command [',/ II 1f2A].
,r
'the previous lesson(s)'. n .._,, ,.;,_ii : 'the possessed, insane' ,
ll
.:•I,;.'""'~ ;.r,, :
'doesn't tremble with joy while
read 7ng l i.e., doesn't sway (back and forth) while
reading'.
r• c~.,.: 'a new garment'.
n \;\;.JI r-" ,.,...,_ 'J, 'and doesn't pay attention to them ' .
I• ••• , 'JI L
all of a sudden ;before he realizes it, there is rv ._l; ~I : 'to turn aside; to withdraw'.
ih_,. : 'I went through a phase, sta ge 1
L' l,..... JU, I. : 'the l •

whether long or short', ong and short ones'; i.e.,

... I.S ,_bl 'hide within myself'•
\Y
1.,,1., ,:,., 1.:. 1, : 'and that l,
the members of our families• we ) are at home' (lit. 'among . 1 : 'how f a r he is fr oo , .• , worlds
• 0

~~par9.t~ h{m f;om , .. , or, what is he compa red with

IA
..i;: a device for holdi
during the bastinado ( ngt th
ke)legs of the delinquent -..,h; ,..;.I,,: 'pure ma thema tics'•
• S oc 8 •
ll
l;f""-; h \, d.., r ,i : a frequent c:.t.:,1.,-1, "-1:..t. .._,,l..>: 'trie;onometry a nd lO [p rithms'.
O
ave mercy on me, . formula used in the sense lr
• ,',I r\h.;, .:,,.:1,; J ,_.,\ 'jurisprudenc a a nd public
'J d.:ainistra t i -.m' .
 92 93

'he was not endowed with knowledge', SELECTION IX

l • J\;J, 'JI ...., , , : 'nursery school, kindergarten' •

(1 .. . '-:-' ... ,.u:,,' -~·,.LA: this is Miss "A" and
this is 'f-liss "B" • • • ' : '
(V JIU,)'I r.-: 'collection of songs for children'.
(A .:U1 W : 'God's curse upon •.• ' •
.,,..,.11 Jt...., 'JI : 'crafts'.
0

ll
1..:1, f, ~ I .j _; 0" .; , .,.-JI ..- )l...'-JI ;; .,.;JI dJ:: ..i,_ ,i 'J
.:,,,1,::;_, .:,,,1,): : 'immoderate' (lit. 'wasteful and
excessive'). .,.u1 t,t.,,-11 l.i,. 0 1S' '",i....,.i.:...-;i.::..S wt.,.,_.,.... ._,_i ...,_,i
· • • J J..,..I ,_ . . . ,.,i. _,..,I \,-;15 : Note the two elatives ~ I 0" ~ j ) .::.J,1..,., , W )l..o::. l j j yj..i; 'r"'< ~f
used h7re in a comparat ive sense and followed by
prepositions characteristic of their respective
verbal roots. ·
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 96 97

Cl:,.-, ._iJ)'I u....,_ )

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f.< ~-- ~- \ C: !::.:. Q l- "'\_ C: ·V C: I ' {' '
r::; . r.- . ~· f; C! r ~-- ~t..' '<,,!- r G..
't. -.<
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., L - t S I:, -· }' -• - • ; • -· '- - ..- c... c.. - - G. -
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c-,_• \ ". '- ) -.<· • ~.
·f. (j r ,. - rr. l, :i,. ·•·
t;. - "' C, ½ ,
b ~-- c;,, ,. • • F-·
:tG. "r, l.- f" . .r.- - 1'.
: G. (.__ ;l - C: .. ,. k f. . ,_ 1( . 's:'. .. - • 'h C.·
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tr i-· . c... !;· ...:. -·
c 1 e:__ • 1, ,,. r· - . ; - i:; e:__ r '<- v i> •
C: -· • • - c.:.. r ('., .., - C.· '.l
·. -- C.· 'r'
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- L.
.;·,_.. c.,r:' r,_,-_. c. c_ c_,, . r ...- .. .r -~ ·l .t: - EI •
• 'I.. t .r ~.. t c;_ ~- - ~- _,_ • •• • .)_ - - "·
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r- ""- - \. :\.- t: - -· • ' f." ·l'.. C. •
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t' . i t
E .... <c " - ~- 1- I - ., v·
..- i=· r '
- f ~. ,; ·( ' l- ., f.i • f." r ~- C ' '- • 7_, .
.. , 1. .-< 1- -. r ..•
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(. "t,· 'E_. 7-
l- ......- ·c-:-1 • v -·
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'T.
 106 107

NOTES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

, •,-Al.ill) J,, ~I ._; v ,-, l..JI : ,:y

.J_;..-)1 : here: 'isolated, solita ry'. (In Islamic
J...L ,~I, ul,hlJ --.,,-,JI :.S,_!.11 Religion: the name of the great theological school
which introduced speculative dogmatism into Islam. )
.', • -1t ..y, ,( 1\oA , ~ I -_.-~I
.,....W.1: Muslim schola stics behind whose theology
lay the atomistic system which was Islam's most
original contribution to philosophy.
I.,, ,.1 ,;.,,.-;I .;..;S : ' (whose) story, affair I had
forgotten'. A relative clause with indefinite
antecedent ( u...o). Note the pluperfect tense formed
by the perfect of .,_;I preceded by the perfect of
.:,15 (',i II 5C].
•I, ,_JI : a reference to the Cholera epidemic in Egypt
of 1902 •
. .,. fa.I '0' j:, 'removal of grief or sorrow' •
1..;;1 ,§.., : 'no matter how strong he may be'.
y U"WI ......,1 \;I : An elative in a construct relation -
ship, which gives it the signification of the su pe r-
lative, and followed by the preposition characteristic
of its verbal root.
A J ,._JI le"'.,; : 'embellishment of words' •
'on the one hand ... a nd
• • • o.S _,;.I .:,- ' • • • .:,,, :
on the other hand ••• ' •
1. 1..,- ., ,.ii , _,.., .:,- r-"' _,; I. .}s : 'in th~s di vision
and differentiation in which we see them •
11 r-,b-,JI 1; ,,_ L! : Habib b. <Aws, known a s Abii Tammaro:
great Abbasid poet (806?-846'1) •
ll ~I ,.;_: 'whom misfortune had afflicted'•
Ir r-"''1..,1 ,.,_ ,.JI u..b;..; : , when death snatched away their
children'.
It •li..:.J.J t.-.-; ,....S,:; : , and left them as prey to misery' •
 108 109

Io r •W : 'l'hi ci expr as s ion a nd the follo1-ling vc;_riant Jl...:.JI ..,.,1.....,1 : 'Leftis ts' .
J.u, r,:..- _;.i,· , and. I.:'~ •l..a.,, ;ucan: 'divine for
JJ.fr..
8
r•
ordainment, prede s tina tion . , ind ica tive of that e- ;;_~I ti,;\,..J\ : here: 'extreme conse r va tism'.
fnt a listic c,mcept in Islam which s a w man's destiny r1
i,rs cribecl a nd se 9. le d in a divine "Book", ._,1s--:11 ..,.._.JI 'Upper Egypt' •
rV
I1 _,,.ii.; J;I .,i.: 'at least', ...,.JI ...;,,),JI 'the right way'.
rv
IV '..,.;.:,-,:A, I..,..,: 'whatever the case :nay be'. ,'~-:II '4.,j.: 'of odd behavior, eccentric'.
r,
1A .,. -:/1 _,;.I : 'eventually, finally'. ~\ ;_;l..,J\: 'the Royal Authority'.
II l:i..: ~1, 1,.-;t,.. .:,,,JI : Further exa!:!ples of the accusative -'--"< .:,!,, ,-J ..• .:..,,..wl 01,1: 'the t ime to spe a k ha d
of specification (.:,,,.-.:)mentioned above in note rr of 11 not yet come'. -'--"< c:,-l, ,-J : The construction of
selection VII. · with the Jussive of the verb followed by ...._, ha ~ the
meaning of 'not ••• yet' and is equivalent to W
),.. \j : 'important', with the Jussive [WI 288B; \/ II 41B].
Tl 01., .•• ,..-_; l:I~: 'and I guarantee , , , th9.t', t', -:II ..:. I, j : 'the quadrupeds' .
II
TT ~ 1ri;~ '°":1' 0,.;.,,..: lit. 'they cling to it with the Jll.. -:1, J,-:11 : 'that hardly provides them with
tee h; i.e., 'they cline to it stubbornly'. Ir
the means of subsistence'.
Tr 1
te{ii~~f, . J.< di.I : 'I take possession of the readers, 'great difficulty'.
II

Tl ..,,J;I: a verb of the VIIIth form f Io

rtwl <,;J\bl 'she stayed a long time' ,
Wblch the characteristic i nfi·xed rem the root '-' ,_; in
[W I 66B]. '-'- is changed to J , 11 L,,,_,I ~ : lit. 'her father's lady'•
To ,£ l.i.., l:I l.: 'What has all thi·s IV ~I .....UI 'Classical Arabic' ,
to do with me?•
n • )l.JI ,_,1 : , Abu al-<Alii>-al-11a< ~, IA ~I , , , ,_;JI • compellinr, necessity' ,
Arab poet-philosopher ( 973 _
works have interested and. 1057. )rri , the_great blind
, wh~s~ life and ;..WI ._.1,)1 c,,,.,lJI: 'the Pu
blic .field, p3 th, dirt r oa d ',
II
• inspired faha ~usain.
TV
01 u- .,.i. ~: 'it doesn't matter if he ,u.;,; 'it s surplus' .
TA .,JI -:II., .;.J. _,,,;.: • 1 .:,.1.JI pl ,j : 'mo st probably',
' without paying attention to •••',
-:11,...1 i.....::.,.,, 'it imposes upon us
'increase their :nean s of s ub s i st e nc P- • .
great difficulties'.
,.. -:1, .._;,;... -:I: or 'weal thy people' ·
nor purity O
• 'in which there is neither clearness .......,JI '-:'\.,,_,,I:

a kind of ba. 11 ~:ame ·

n
..
._,,lhJI ..,_.J :
'in this manner, way'.
rt
~ I l.i.. .,k :
..,., : The imperative
'tha t mu s t ....'
construction assumes th' from the root'-" in this
assuming that .•• ' [W !rmtgf~~g 'suppose that •..•
., 'her black t~;,;:.1.r ,nz nt' .

n •V 'to bec o:ne :ni d -:1.:iy ' noon' .

,.,;.,,., ,) _.,,_,,, .;,J • • 'a
to ta1<:e warning ',:" ' warning to those who want
._blb _,,,;. .j 'to no _.1va il' .
rt
'Rightists• . ' docs no t li s t ~ n to anyo ne'.

illWL.Jt"i t l.__ .....,1 JI

 111
110

,. 'J : 'does not act like '

SELECTION X

,1 dJ~ JI;; I. : 'she continues thus until

H ~• ,~, ~,; : 'she goes back the way she came' •
ir ,,, ..:-1.;: 'one day'.

H 'of God's bounty'.

,. the largest canal in Egypt, opene d.

,, J, ,J,r.- J_,ill I_.,, , ,.,,_ ,.j J.1.11 J, ,:;,.::;J J.,._,JI JJ,

;in the morning ••• in the evening'.
• &IS';>, ..,.'JI ...,JI • .,......,,.
1V •. • .:,I .;l..! V' : lit, 'it is in its nature .•• '; i .e. , 1
'that'. ,I ,,..JI <..rFI .Iii ~1.,,, ,_;.:..,Jl, .:,,,..- .:..'J,_.. _,.;.T ..:.LI:: ..:..:IS'
1A .. . ..,. ,.........ii <,J.,,,., 'does not make them say'. _,,..JI _,h.:. I", C"~I J, ,i t,,1.1.11 _,h.:. rt°",_.., ,:,,-l,-,. ;;;)~I 1..i,, ,JIS'
'-,.,-';.:,.,~: 'precedes her, goes before her'. . .s,Lu, ~1 .,,; l.... ,., .ill
Y· .,J,.;. I. : ' ',Jha t about him ' .
yI ,!,,..JI uJJ..: .:,- ..,; ....Ji;I .j .ill L! 1 ,
through all the fltictua~ions ' · ..,,; "-,Ji; : 'and I went (_)) ..:..:IS', 't....,....
me to go through, • of life which God desired
. _;;,, J_,;, ,:,L:1
. ..,...w1, JS'WI, ..i; .,JI ,.; •r r
,J;,.:.JI .::.1,Ji ,., ,-,- ,., .iJI (_,.;.JI., .;-£ J,J ,)" ••er", ,_,.;:1i,
., ,..,,. .1.,.I .:r r:_.,.J, ,;_,...-11 J,J t:-r f ,J_,JI J, "J _,JI" L°"
1
,.;,,~I ._,J. V:l.:,..:j .:-..1..i.;;, ,;,L,.... '-"" o'· f _.,, "µ1" J,-"-~

-~ cl,.,_ J;.!' .c _,.;.;. ._,J. ,) ,.... u--1,-' ' ;• ..

t..l ......• U"
_; L,..:.,,..:....:..i,
• .J,.;.L .,.; l> .:.. I fa • er" , JI L,...- ,. •...I ,
__;~ ,.j ,:,i <!lJJI, •.:-1_,J;.:.ll d.b ,..,.,.. 'er"' 0' ._,_ r-1,
J Jli; . ;;; ;) ,) ,....
! cl. I, -

J.,.-1 .:JI.,;, ,:J.,. r-1,

,:,.., ' ~ ' ' .,_..k,' ,) ,.... 0-=< r"t.::.11 ,)"
J, ;;;)).!JI c1kl .Iii , _;.:..,JI
, ,:,L:~I .!.,_.1.>- ,:r .b,,l;- d' r"li-:JJ ;.,.J
,,J_,;.11 ~ , .LL,
\_;.:..,JI
' ..:.I ;SI d- ,.j .,_..Lo JI ,) ,.... fa'
: ...,.l ,.; .,i,,.1,
112 113

. .. ...;;b IS ..i.. 0' ...;;I::,_ ,., .,; .::.)) L ' .. lhJI' c---1' ti ~I J _,ill ,.,!.
'..,JWI ..,.J~I ,.1.. ,_,J. • J,.: ..J,.) 1;i ... ...;;bi 1;i -
: J•L.:,. ... 'ii r .Jl;JI, J ,kJI .;,..,b ,.j ;!L 'er JS' · --,_.lill C. L,; 1 ~I,
Tl';::.LoJI L.:,,....11, • • • .::-l;!u,, .::.1)1,.... .,JI .::.J,J,,: .,; ,n,)rn .::.1,.,...11
.§ H,_ '<.Jj J.L:.;, .::.l;!U,, .::.l,~.J .,JI .::.J,J,,: .J.i J,,..JI, ·.:..ih: .,.;

r.JZ:; .i ... l:.Jl,••J r)L J,u; W; L ',:yw 'ii J..i,::, .,,,.;.; .J.i ..,..
To!! ..1.;f .,,_;
: .... .,., ....., JI; r , it- . ..., ..JJ _;,;.I, •. er" -=- ,
, _,,1,_,.,,JI ; W 'i _;:JI •l.,.!~I dJ:., l.;Jll; .i .J'.l, -
! L:;!l.h;, L:.<.l.,.!L l.;)11: 'i .i ! 1-41, W L '<J.lJI ..l,.:ill, , .::.1_,!lhll,
.;. •r. ,:yw ._s.lJI .aJ,JI 1.1.,.., l.;Jll; 'i r'
! ~ ljL,_

i.) j .::...i,, .uJ ,. :.J..:.11 .,.; , .1l:.: .i .,; ·.,; JS' ) ._,,. i -
cl.II, w ,. ..,..)WI~ ..s,- J,u: . 'i .::Ji, .::.I,-:- C') d.J, ,_,.:,. jl
.:,.,,-,JI dJj .J,..; 'i d", ,1,.~1 .::.I_,.:., L.-.J. ._,;,, ._,::JI l,-i; ;_,.)WI,
.i..,_ 'i ,-,., ,1,.~I .::.I:. ._,,;,; ._s.lJI C)lill, d.11, L • ..,,_. ,.j !,,.ill: ..s.lll

J,l_,.f 0' T1~IJr ..._. ,.j L ..)5:, .b,_L:.JI _,s:,JI •WI ..s,- -.r-!
I. • ! •J.,, JS' -"' 'ii ~I TY ,l,,JI .::.1,Jb .J .:,,-i-'I. 'i '. r-=1.,.,.,
1....-
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,.J. ..s .lJI C)WI, dll,
.lll •I.; ,.j . .:,,..J.il)I .:.W/1 ....1,,. I~
, 1
(:_'t<. ' r rr- r
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r- u'
• •. ,,,
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.:,r-,-,.., ' .... ..,.,,.. L_ r--
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-'-t+ll, '· 1,, JiA.: ..,::JI .:,WJI ., ;: 'ii '· d:.,,l; J ~I 0', · dl,-1
! .J .i,; ..s .ill
114 115

: J1 ,..J .; Jl.i, .... IJ ~J 1_,•.J, . ..;... ..,;

J. .)~'J,, ..i,...i,,.ill ,:y- w .J., 'J ~r ,..r .:.Jj 1. ,A-
J/)' .JJj 0' c,_,;.11 .} ~) .,:jlj; , IJlr"l .,:jl; .,; 1.io. d!, ..... .:,I
'} 'r-1, • .:,-,.!1,1.;JI d!lf~ .,_:..; ) 'r-1, ,J.,.i
J,L,.; ._; .)"-' ._s.ill
J,1.,.: 'J 'r-1, J., r ~I+- ,:y- ~,-.: • ) J,L,.; 'J 'r1, J, · · · Wt., )(;.
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JS'L 1.d di .b;I · · · i.:... JS1.: .:,-1 1.d di Jt; ..:,-, -

. ., doJ. .,...:.1 L .::..J....; 1 , ._,::.J:,I ,-J r,.,, )l;, •
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; JJJI 0" •,_,:.., u-,, JL;,

1....., r ,-i; ,_;:JI ~l:JI .:-IS" _,..JI • .1.o, JS' Jh,.;

L,...ll ...,..L- t.:, o~ .:,J.; •..,,-.:;' c.i-:, T'Y •

, ~ J .,.,;, ,,JI L,..ilh:, -
• .:,11 ......_,

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 120 121

NO'rES .\NJJ IDIOl·l,\"l'IC i,,{.l:% C::.iS IO!lS 1--rl 'J : An exam{>le of the use of the 'J of abso lute
denial ( ~\.JI 'J) which governs the followin g
indefinite object, of which it absolutely denies th e
existence, in the accusative [W II 9 4 C ].
In this stor;t "!1aimun al-Jabal" is the name
0 ,....
:
of ·the monkey, "Zannuba" the name of the goat, and II
'the monkey need only, mu s t only · ·•.• ' .
"•Abs" the n41Jle of their owner.
,,~1 <jl, .,..JI 'light carriages'.
n
r
,'..JI ,h.! ,.....,,,., 0 _,.1,,. :
'more exactly'.
'turning their fac e s towa rd
... ' '
tr
;,;..~I l..;,..JI 'the silent movie'.

.... ),.I J,W 'atomic bombs'.

ti
u..lJ 1 'and toddled'.
..i.;"1 ...a.,..;: 'one inch, one iota'.
..,..,s: See note No . 1
J,,ll J .i'- : 'cizrS::,Il', the angel of death.
n
J..- : 'a mild-tasting tobacco' •
!Y
,1.....JI <jl.....11 ,J ,:, ,..., 'J : 'they do not i ns t a ll pumps
y ~,;; : See note No. for him'.
A _;..,.II ,i.i., : 'and the bleating of the goat'. IA 'and carry out their orders '.
.....,JI ,l,,J. ,:,i, ,JJ.;;: I ~I : The author substitutes "nuwwam", ' s le epe rs ',
to lay an ei;g'. 'as restless as if you were about ti
for "nuwwab", 'deputies', to ridicule the kind of
I•
parliament Egypt had a t that time •
'\./hat is the matter with ••• ?'
..i · 1. :
.. ,; ,i .h.-,, : here: 'has been in deep sleep, somnol ent '
II The E ypt·
· l.... •
jau•~ = 'hun:ry•~an colloquial equivalent -of 'who clamor, make a clapping noise '.
f I ,:,~,:,,,..ul
If
•ITs's
';tu1i~~; ;al;g~~i~n ~?7l'?quial idiom: lit.
be grateful'. ac • 1 .e •, 'you should
n .JJI r--,- . • . J _;.;. : 'God's anger ••• falls upo n them'.
tr 'they would follow suit'.
Ir
~bl~•, .'1t\
'i : , '(Yhou ) have neither toil t\ • - -h ·
~..u.Jl A-l\ ~,y.l' : abune 19 •
loan word from the
tra in s crip ' •
• • • • • • you ave nothing to worry !~~ut' • French abonne mea ning here: free 11

I l
,,..JJI : 'Phe usual vocativ f 'let us live' (lit. ' eat our bre e.d ' ) .
without any inter·ecti e 0 rm of the name of God fo
as here, before {I to ~n Pr?fixed. Frequently used,
possibly' [W II ~9D] . ean unless indeed, unless n ,,)(._, 'Baklava', a pastry ma de vlith s ugar sy ru p or
honey and nuts .
I• .:,1~1 .• )I.JI
, performed ,.b; ~e moWe : ..i/1,...i r X.. : three acts rv 'for good, for ever'•
~be peasant woman knea~i s~luting your masters'
run.Jcard's sleep'. ng er dough'• and 'the • •
41.:.. I..,.....; ._;1[; .:,I,:,,,: 'without mak ing t he e ffort'•

" .:,,,: J .,JI : 'routine• . ~IA-JI:an animal performa nc e in wh i ch a go'.l t c l imbs

a successively hi ghe r and na rro,,1er se rie s o f cyl i ndri c3. l
IV cl.u..1i: blocks placed on top of ea ch other.
'going around with you•.
IA
l 0h, how c once it 0d you a re
(.
,, Colloq. 'monkey-owner'. .J1J"-
.
,:,- ,JJ : 1

\, ,_; J.,. .,JI ,_;I..; J :

'the man was fed up•.
(j
.,..., , .}) '"'h i e;he r :,.n d mo r e ad vanced' .

'cor po r i ti on , jo i nt -s: t oc1< c omp1-ny

1
ll ...,t._. ;S.,,:. •
 122 123

tr J~ .,,i .,i.: 'at any rate'. SELECTION XI

l t · t_,li r )II' : 'nonsen se , idle talk'.
(0 •. • Ii.;... .j5 :1 'stop this nonsense; enough of: this
nonsense ... •

(1 ~WI J .:-~WI : 'the Comptroller's of:fice in th

finance ministry' . e
\Y t't.. ._,,.;;: '"Lady" Zannuba'. The title h- · (
the name ) is used ironically here • anim after
lA ._,..:.,;I .;,,-... : . '11aimiin "afandi"'. The

ll
'gentleman'• is used ironically here. title "ef:fendi " ,
.;_,..;.. ......, ,.; :WWI ";A;JI rt5' .c.i..L, ,JI. r ,;,..;,I.,.. ,_fa!l_,;Jl -,_Jb ,.,;
'while performing his duty'.
'-"-.,J,.11 ._,; U"°"'-l , ,.tl,JI 0" (.,....,_ JIS' W , ,_,..,.I.ill Ji..; ~ I ,,J.
J~'il ,j ,.,.h..11 ,
'city planning in the Ministry of
Public ~or~s•. · ,.;.>- ~,~1 .. w1 .:..1,w1, • •,.,-,:;, c,r .,..1,:U1 'rw1
'that is about to fall'. ~, ~ I .:,IS', • C.i_JI .:,~I ..,,,,..,_ ~ I :......:i 0" tk.: J,f 015'
•I
'l'linistry of Religious Zndowments'. r- ,_,,$1,., ,.,; •,_.;.11, , ~ 1 r...., ,L,...J1, ,.,,,_.i1 •1.,_,l L.:.;i..
•r
.:·· ""' .i .......ii: 'who is entitled to (her share)
in the enliowment of •. •' • · .h.:l; _; j .,JI ~I.:., f C._,.; er", _,.;L..,,JI ._..b; , ~I c,l<
o(
u..,..;/:il: 'archives'. ,.,.,Lb.JI, ..,..1_,.11 ~ I ._,; ..,lll .,il_,.11 Jl..,JI dij ) .,.;;
.,\~, . ~I (';lb ,1..,,... ..,J. r::'' ..w ".)c,WI ..,,i• .,,., ..,.I. _,:f .J _,..,..b,. r1
<> ,., : ' the influential people' .
., i,JWI ..,.UI : ,
the finance committee'
' f r fr 'i, , _;.1, .>JI tr" 'i , 1 , _,.;La.,JI ..i....i.. ...,.: 'i .,_,_ , :..;frn ,
•Y
•1,;,-11 ~ : 'the Cabinet, Council J .:,I .,.,i .;JS' c,;JI ..._..JI ).~, ..:G ,.,; A 1..:J, y. d,_,..,.JI

.,
)l.; ..bi.. ..,; :
,
'had actually
of Ministers• .
collapsed'.
JI,, ~I ._;.,.., ..,JI c:.1:. ), ..,.w1 . .,.;;IS' J,~ ) .,..i. •.r>lill ,.,; .J
....,, c,;JI
ci.. "''; J : ' ·~i dJj .;JS' "',L;i 1..,-). t;lzJI ..J; , ~I ..; ~
,.
..:.,
one morning ·•·'. 00''
,.WI rll.; .,.._J; : 'a coup d, L
etat, overthrow
) 'ii .J ,...,WI ull L,., Ja,,.l ;;_, ,5 .r- .,..i. t,)-,·=> ,
u~ .,.JI u'-!o :
name of a neighborhood
of regime' • • ~j I.$' )L,.. I, ~ I ,.L,, •I..;,_; -"'-< L"y.. r ,.:,-,.-.lill ..,.I. i:,._ ;;_L,.._,.JI
1T
... Vo,-.;.., : 'concerning,
in central Cairo.
regarding ·••'.
-,.;I,_,,. .J ), • ·~ J
·- ;.WI .ct_ ) ,-J .,.~1 1.i..,.., ,'~
ol' L'
1r
f;;:
1 rL · I ,-1
a sumed Powe.f• . . ,; :
'have i ~ I , ,,.,...JI .,..;.: 0"
se zed the reign~ of power,
,.,; fa I.JS', ,.,; " .)c,WI ,.,i • _,.::...I

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 125
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 128 129

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if

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 13'> 135

. . . !cf'-"-< .; -~ J,-S.;.,. 1,~ t.,._; NOT E:t; AND IDIOMATIC EXPaESSIONS

.,_JI .Jy " J,l-ll ,,I· j._; , u-'UI r ,JI .j,

u!;.;.JI ' L[; .,JI ; _;ts'::.ll ~ I .., .J: r-' •...;..;JI •I ,...,;JI ;;. Lli
.!l
0 1-,.1 : 'Alms for the sake of ,\ llah' .
J,- .__j;ji ..i;, ,.b)LJI ..:WI .::.L.,..ll ~IJ ~ I
~ I ,.,;,,, ) : 'the obli gatory morn i ng pra yer' .

.., ,I. ._; ~I. 'as he was accustome d to do' .

,j,, "ii ..,_....;; : 'covering the d istance quiclcly' .
I.. ,J:L,_ ,... ' ,JI'
• • ..
t... j.,; • .i.1;1 0 1 ....., : 'however'.
_,.;L..,.JI .:;....._ : 'the twittering of birds ' .

y
c;,,\,_,..JI ,.,....,... : 'the rattling of carria ges'.
A ••• .,..,i 6 1., : The apodosis of a hypothetical
0
sentence with J, here preceding, rather tha n following,
the protasis introduced by~- See a similar example
tn note 1 • selection IV above.
, ,\;.bl .. .i;... : / 'since his earlies t childhood' .

1. ~\hll • ,._ 'bad luck'.

II I.,.,...; .:1 c;,,_;;.; 'his mother passed away'.
'which almost destroyed
II
It ....;,; 1,,,J,;...: 'introverted, withdrawn' .

ll '-'"""' '! : 'not saying (a word)'.

.., ,->I ..,._.;, .!l .:,L....1 : u'
.,,:, : 'his relatives' ( genitive).
,.,-., ..;,L.J1 ,IJ , •,-olill) I•
• ~ ,,;,. ~ : 'in spite of his gre a t effort'.
II,_ I •T' <J' , ( I \l,
IY »-"' : The VIII th form of the verb »:, wherein the
characteristic c;,, infix was changed to , and an
assimilation of , and :, took place g iving rise to
3 ( c;,,:, > , :, > 3 ) [\,/ I 66B] •
IA ,,;JI ~: 'at once, right away'•
1' I. 1.,...,: • quickly, it did not take very long
0
before •.• '
'his eyes brimming with tears' .

a recess in a mosqu: i!!d ~c •1ting the direction

.... 1.,,... :
of prayer; 'prayer niche , m1~rab .
 136 137

. . . -,I..., J 1_.,i
_,.i, 015, : 'and he would always find
~• ,J, . : - J\s., : 'and she retraced her steps' .
there (in •his presence, generosity) ••• '. [f
.:.,..: : 'putting himself in order a gain' .
ll' ,.,...t r'-~' ,:.;,) : 'the Imam patted him on the back'. 'blaze of high summer, burning hea t'.
, .,bl.. ~ , : 'and soothed him' . _ "1-, ~i: 'why not keep himself alive, allay
lo ! .ell,I ! .:.11.,1 : An instance in which the accusative
[1 · hi~ Jhung er • • • '
depends on a verb which is understood; in this case
such a s 'mind' or 'obey' should be supplied (',J II 7i.n]. ...r;.. .s ,.1..,: ff.
'surrendering his eyes to sleep';
[V i··.e., fal'ling asleep',
l1 .;_,.;..11,
4,,- V" .;;....,,
his forehead' .
'and sweat was dripping from \..,JI ·\.:; c.1Ai w, : 'when the first glimpses of
[A
diwn appeared' •
lY •,_;..; I.: 'did not cease, stop, refrain'.
'peddler, haw;cer'.
IA ll
4i,, '-,J ._,..1.,..; .;JI : 'for which his mouth watered'. a tray of cake-like white bread.
..!JI '\,,J ,i :
'the friends of God, Saints' ( in the folk
religion of Islam). 'it wouldn't do him any harm'.

~ • ,.$.JI .si : 'verses of the Koran'. 'which evoke pity'·

•I

l'I ......:IY.-,:,.,: lit. 'between his ribs'; i.e., 'in his .J\.... : 'most certainly'•
heart'.
\...I -" :
'unable to move out (of this situa tion ) '•
•l
r1 •1__,s; : Feminine of the J,....i form · _,s;, • 'reprehensible
~ \ , ~ • -=.;.;i w; : 'when the sun was on the verge
vi~e, revolting'. F~minines in •I_ are formed from'
adJectives ?f the J,....I form which are not comparatives of setting 1 •
or superlatives [WI 185A]. • . • .,;.I : 'he began to fix his angry
,........,, _,hJI ..,._, ._,.~ h"m'
T'T' .:,I ,.;.s 1., 'it was not long before • or suspicious glance on 1 ' .
n .....i. 'stop this nonsense'
•1,,.11
fatigue)' . 'completely exhausted (by •Y •I I\ \.:..0, d;.... J>:
.,.,.., or else' (lit, 'and if not' ) ,
'l),: 'otherwise,
r• ,:,,,,:...S, : In Muslim prayer, a "rak<ah" consists of the
bending of the torso from an upright position
followed by two prostra tions·. '
., clJ
-
.
o.r'"'
'and he went his way'.
'beatin~ him soundly'.
1- ..::-\,_,.;JI .J ~ : .,
n rli.,11: here: :the tomb of the "Saint'". 'and they became ~fraid'.
l'Y WIJ ~Jli.:
'coming a nd going, going back and forth'.
1' ~' into a corner' .
11 'and retreated
l'A 'thronging of the passers-by'.
r, ..,.,...._ .:.;~I J ' there is still enough time for
11' r~ ~: 'curbing'•

.;_. ._,.!S 'ne'. :l r him' .

A r .,..:1 '
d
.:, : 'and all
owe his thoughts to wander'.
1\ if:
t away'•
1o 'at once• rie;h
l' u.:I.,, ., : 'a voice called ma n by the collar'.
force told him' , out to him, an invisible 'seizint1 the old
i:.,,..:J' ..,.... .,;.\; : . u.1,;. . : 'with ~he
.J..,;., c', t!strikint blindly with
1
.
'close to him, nearby'. 1Y • I ~ .J..-, ~ 1 .;L,., tie · went
speed of 1ightn1nG,
tt ;+ ; n t:h P crowd'•
 139

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

INTRODU CTORY ESSAY: Mul,iammad Mandur, A well-known Egyptian

literary critic, Mandiir studied in France and i snow a pro-
fessor at the Arab League's Institute of Advanced Arabic
studies in Cairo. He has published several scholarly works
in the field of literary criticism intended to serve and di-
r ect the ne w generation of poets and writers in the Arab
1,or ld,
Dr. Mandur's essay wa s chosen as an introduct i on to
this group of selections because it presents a fresh eva-
luation of the place of the novel in modern Arabic litera-
ture. This recently developed literary genr e is becoming
the chief means of expression of the social and intellectual
currents in the Arab World,

SELECTION I: Tauflq <Awwad, <Awwad was born in 1911 in Bal,ir

~af, a small Lebanese village, Once the editor-in-chief
of the Beirut daily al-Nahar, he recently became the
Lebanese Ambassador to Brazil, His publications include
a novel, al-Ragif, and three collections of short storie s:
al-Sably al->A<raj, Qamir al->~uf, and al-<Adara. Despite
the relatively limited number of his works, <Awwad is con-
sidered one of Lebanon's leading short story writers,
\./1th the conception of a writer whO aims at realism
in his work, <Awwad has succeeded in giving a semblance
of actuality to the characters and events described in the
selection "The Lame Boy" presented here; however, the nar-
rative seems to be subordinated to hypothetical motivations.
',Je are given not only a narrative of facts but also a reac-
tion to the psychological and socio-economic factors that
direct the b ehavior of the characters and shape the course
of events in the story , cAwwad's narrative prose ma rks a
departure from the traditional stylistic devices still used
His simpl e , economica l and
by many of his contemporaries,
 HO 141

suggestive l a nguage i s som~thinc to look through rather - ·,c']' ION IV : Ihs

501
• ,,~n <Abd al-Quddus. A brillia nt J·ou rna l ist
than at, " with 1 e ft ist tendencies, and aut ho r of _a l a r ge number of

M"s 1 and short stories, <Abd al-Qaddus i s the edito -

r
SEL.::C'UON II: llu al-Nun Ayyub, Born in 1909, Ayyiib, once a t O popular week ly Egyptian magazines : Sa bah al-Kair
of the w . ~·-. - - - - -
d Rose-a l-Yusuf. His writings, with a wi de circle of
schoolteacher and later a member of Parliament, is one of an ::.:::=----- n t. bli c
Iraq's le ading writers, r ead ers' ha ve had a great influ ence on r.··yp ian pu .
op i nion, especia · lly at the time of the 1952 r evolu t i on.
The selection presented here was orig inally included
in a collection of short stories, Bur,j Babil., which was The se lect ion presented he r e is excerpted from the .
banned by the previous Iraqi · government and then became nove l ,:ia i• f~1 Sadri
• '
a jus ti f icat ion of the 1952 revol ution.

the first chapter of the novel Doctor Ibrahim, This satire The authors t r i"kes directly a t what he cons id er s th e em -
. t f a ll the evils tha t befe ll cgypt unde r the
on the \,'este rnized Arab intellectual has be en very popular bod i me n ° . · t The
ever since its publication in Baghdad in 1936, As por- . . me--the pashas or "up; l y" Ca pita l is s .
previous reg1 asha a re a horribl e r ecord
t rayed by the author, Dr, Ibrahim represents not only the · confessions of the prototype p ondemned t o suffer the
complete "failure of a mission," but also a destructive t . for which he wa s c
of the gr ea sins . of a ,-,hole life time .
impa ct of the West on the would-be leaders of the Arab loss of his we a lth a nd the happ iness
countries,
,.. Taaly al-Din was horn i nth
SELECTION V.. ,,a ,Id Taqiy al-Din, ·
, . ··e ~r ad uated from . e
SELECTION III: Tauf!q al-~akim, Born in Alexandria in 1902, \I 1904 'n a Lebanese Druze vill ac;e . n ,_. 1· t ry
he made hi s 1 era
al-~aldm is one of the most productive dramatists, novelists "meri· ca n University of Beirut' ,-,here
'., were successfully performed
and essayists of Bgypt. He studied in France and after a debut with two dramas which After spending a f ew troubled

!l
number of un easy years of government service in Cairo he at the University the a ter. r eturned to Lebanon and be -
became Head Librarian of Dar al-Ku tub ( the National Library) ·1 ·ppines he )
years in the Ph i 1 ' Popular Syr ian Pa rty (PPS •
in 1951, then Permanent Delegate of the U,A,R. to UNESCO . ber of the t
came an active mem f publications tha
ving a numb er o d
in Paris in 1959. Of his voluminous work, his book Yaumiyat He died in 1960, 1ea . ht short-story writer an
Na•ib fI al-•Aryaf was rendered into English under the title est ab lished him as a playwrig '
. d rable skill, . l
The Maze of Justice (tr, by A. s. Eban, London, 1947), and e ssay ist of consi e . . autobio gr aphic a
. . l ee t ion is an II
a great number of his plays, novels and sketches were trans• This e ntertaining se . nces in •.-iorld ,/a r '
th thor, s expe ric
lated into French and other European languages. sketch based on e au ded i n Man ila , a
d h. self stran 11
This selection presents a theme which is further ela- durino- which he f oun im Q his i dentity' Ironica y '
o . ~O p rOVw t
borated by the author in his book MuJ;iammad. 'rhe emphasis penniless nobody trying , f m his s t udent days a
on the humanity of the Prophet serves not only to assert a ha rml ~ss but illega l prank ro pr e di·c ame
· n this • nt. Although
th AU B came to his rescue i pe ri· ences of a pe rson from
e unique identity of Islam but also to demonstrate the • • • the ex
innate potentials of its underlying principles to meet th e t his story is drawn fro m dif f ic ult y i n a ppre -
one h3S no
challenge of the new ideologies which are shaping the miD d a specific e nvironme nt , .
1 ic at ion.
of man in the modern world. ciatin~ i ts univer sa l app
 H2

SEL,,C 'rION I/ I: J a br ii Ib rahim J abra. Novelist, po e t a nd literar . pa ct

1111 o [ the Fr e nc h e xi s tenti a li s t 1~r iters
, . The nu t hor
cr itic, Ja bra wa s born i n 1919 in I'a les t: ine . He studied Y ·m s·' l f i• s r epr ese n t at i ve o f the "engage " wr iter in t he
at the Ar ab Co ll ege , J e ru s :al em , a nd Cambridg e a nd Ha rvard Ar a b 1,/o r l d fo r whom lit eratu
ht · ,
. ,,e mu st se r ve a po l it i ca l,
Un i vers i t i es . i·le is now in Bag hdad, Ira q, conducting re- . l or cultu r a l f unction.
socia
se a r ch work for the Ira q Petroleum Company ( IPC). He Pub.
lish ed a c oll ecti o n of po e ms, Tammuz fi a l-Madina (Beirut II AJ;ima d Amin.
T Bo rn i n c0"yp t in 1887, Am fn was
1960), a n Ar a bic tra nsl at ion o f ~ ( Beirut, 1959), tw~ 5gL;CT ION VI :
t ude nt o f a - z
1 A ha r a professo r at Cairo Uni ve r s ity
• .
novel s i n Ar ab ic, ? Urak fI La il 'fa wil ( Ba ghda d, n.d.) and a s d.1 t o r of a l-Ia qafa 1i t e r a r y r e vi e w. ile f ounded
, ,\ r a g ( Be i rut, 1956 ) , and a novel in En g lish, Hunters in and t h e e
.
---"-='---'=---
l-'r a ,11 f wa a l-Ta rj a ma wa a 1 - a r
N " a nd r e:na ined
a Na rrow Stre et ( London, 1960). Jabra's work s are reg:;ded "La J na t a · t which
. a n o f that Sgypt ian pu bli shing commi t ee ,
by many a s being a mon g the finest litera ry achievem ents Cha 1rm . l d · t h a g r e a t numbe r of sc ho l arl
. a d the Arab ,-lor w1 - 'y
i n mode rn 1ira bic li terature. pr ov1 e C . in ,, Mo s t of Am in s
t' l hi ~ d ea th i n a 1ro 195 •
'f he s e lection pres e n te d her e portrays one facet of a works • un , l . 1. t a tur e a nd the h i s tory of
k c onc ern Ar ab ic i e r .
the me which runs throughout his work. From the experience maj or war s . t b. g r a phy Ha yat I, pub li s hed
bu t hi s a u o 10
of hi s e a rly life the a uthor draws a picture of the village I s l am i c c u l t u re , s and sket ches a r e
. 1950 a nd h i s co ll e ctions o f e s say
10
life from whicb he s oug ht e s ca pe to the city-the Utopia of ' h Ar ab ','orl d •
a lso widely r ead t h rou ghout t e , by the aut hor.
his boyhoo d drea ms. 'f he city fails to fulfill his a spira-
This is one of the f ew s ke tc he s wri t te n
tions and be come s a symbol of frustra tion, bore dom and
I t illustra t es t he r ea ctio n of a l eadi ng cgypt i a n wr ite r,
a lienat ion. The a u t hor cons ciously chooses art-more spe-
h ims elf a pro duc t of the old Kutta b s chool desc r i bed in .
cifi cally litera ture-a s th e only crea tive avenue of escape
from the destiny of modern ma n. t h e se lection, t o the mode rn \.Je stern iz ed syst em o f edu c ation
c harac te rs of the ne w p;e ne -
which is mol d ing the mi nd s a nd
rati on i n Z~ypt.
SEL~CTION VII: Suhail Idris. A young Lebanese journalist and
novelist, Idris studied at the Maqasid Islamic College in a s ma ll villa g e of
B • • Ilorn in 1889
eirut, and at the Sorbonne where he prepared his doctoral SELECTION I X: '!'iiha ~u sain. bl · nd a t the a ge of t wo
- - · n be came i
d isse rtation on The Impact of the West on the Modern Arabic Uppe r Eg y pt Ta ha Husa i d a t the Sor bonne
• • • . d a t a l-Azba r an
Novel. In 1952 he founded al- 0 Adab, a monthly which has but neve r t he l ess stud1 e . oso hy de r; r ees . He bec a me
sinc e become one of th f a nd r e c e ive d t wo Doc t or of Ph i l P n · ni ster o f ~duc a t i on.
th e e w 1 eading literary reviews of . d the n 1
Rector o f Ca iro Unive rsity an t d in h i s a bunda nt
st e Ar ab nd \.Jorld • In a ddition to his collection of short
c a r ee r, r e fl e c e .
ories a nove ls, Idris• publica tions include several His brilli a nt schol a rl y h. as the most i n -
t bli s hed i m .
tra nslations f r om J ean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus. a nd wi d ely re ad wo rks, es a A a b li terary r e n a is -
This sel ection is t k " f the modern r
flu e ntial "Litterateur o . ft ed sto ry- t e lle r
al-La_ t1nI
T
which r fl t a en from the novel -&.....::...:<.
al-Hayy
hi s repu t at 10
· n as a g i
- 1 I ( An Zo;v p tcan
.
A ,. • e ec s the author's experiences as an sanc e . He o >1e s . ,. .. h a l-' Ayyam ' vo • . ('r he
ra ,, as
studthe
e nt hind Pa ris. Stimulated by a self-consciousness t o hi s f amous a utobio r.,r .p y London, 1952) a nd II - -
s uch
Chil dhood, tr. by E • H• Paxt on , n t Londo n , 19 .'18) ' a nd
Y a never possessed before, Idris • characters
expr e s s v e r y vivi dl y , in t heir searc·h for - by H . '.J:I ym c , ) Du e,; ,
Str,,a:n of Da y s , t r . 7 ( Ca iro , n . d . • ~ ----
identity, the -to the fo ll o win~ nove l s : ~ ··

j
 144 145

al-ii:arawan (Cairo, 1942), al-Hubb al-Da>ic (Cairo, 194 ), de Maupassant, the French short-story writer a nd no vel is t.
3
!bjar,t al-Ilu>s (Cairo, 191~4), and al-Qa~r al-Mastiir, in ~H ter he re ad Russian stor i es by Chekov and Turge nev and
collabo ration with Tawffg al-tfakim (Cairo, n.ct.). On th wiJ e ned his readinr, to include several Surop ean noveli s t s ,
- - Husayn (London,e
a uthor s ee a s tudy vy P ierre Cachia, 'J'.'aha but Maupassa nt remained for him "the gre a test short - story
1956).
teller." As the aut hor of remarkab l e collections of stories ,
'r his se l ection is taken from his book al-i1u<adctabiin short and long , Taimur was awarded in 19119 the literary
ff a l-Ard , a coll 2ctio n of short stories and articl - prize of the Arabic Acad emy, Cairo, and in 1950 he wa s
• es so
strongly critical of social conditions in i,gypt that its el ected a member of the same Academy. ~ome of his short
publication was forbidden there by the gov0rnment of the sto ri es were rende r ed into ~ngl ish under the title, T~l e s
day, and the first edi tion appe a red in Lebanon The
. • main from Egypti an Life (tr. by D, J. Davies , Cairo, n.d.),
theme of the story, which was written during a chol
. . . en and a large part of his voluminous work was translated into
epi -rnmic in 1947, is the author's recollections of the
French and other iu ropean languages. Despite the recent
trat:e~y of a. typical pe asant family from Upper i!:gypt durin
development of the modern Ar abic sho rt story in the hands
a similar epidemic in 1902 • In addition to his t g
of wha t . b par rayal of the new ~eneration of creative Arab writers, Taimur is
is, .Y implication, the suffering of the Egyptian
still re garded by many as the father of this art in the
peasa ntry, the author condemns the greed selfi' h
i . . . . , s ness and Ar.ab \./orld.
rresponsibil1ty or the rulers and privileged classes in
Eg_y pt at that time. The selection "Alms for the Sake of Al lah" was written
by raimur the pioneer, who was still experimenting and
SEL,,;CTION X: Yusuf al-Sibacf. t rying to lay a solid foundat ion for the short story as a
author wi ::h " long list of Al-Siba,f is a young Egyptian new genre in Arabic literature. It s obvious characteristic
>Umm llat fba (Ca. ) wor~s includint:; three dramas; is a distinctive style int ended to give the re ader a sense
T iro, 19 51 • '..Ja r a, al-3itar (Cairo, 1952),
and Jam<iyat Qatl al-Zauiat (Cairo of perfection and aesthetic satisfaction. Despite its
twenty-five col le ti ' • l 953), and more than being true to life and its impre ss ive depiction of the
c ans of short t
The selection s ories to his credit. professional be gga rs in Cai ro, th e essence of t h e st0 ry
presented here 1
critical of the fu ti s a sketch strongly suffers from the res t rictions of style and t he old-
. nc oning of Eg ti .
social instit•it ions d YP an politica l and fashioned display of eloquence. Taimur' s l ater short
un er the pr i I
respects I al-Sib-ac f• S Crit. • ev ous regime. In many stories and t he prose fictio n of the new Arab writers
of 1952. The icism anticipated the revolution I . dying· t e c h n igue and to reve a l . a more
use of an animal s ee m to outg row this
author's ide as is .
tradition.

SELECTION XI• M h _
as spokesman for the
in CODformi ty With an Old Arab literary
I Propo rtionate and ba lanced presentat ion of th e ba s ic
elements of the story.

. a.mud Taimiir. Tai -

189'1. During the forma . mur was born in Egypt in I

i
he was i ti ve stat"e of h .
Dfluenced by hi ·, is 1 i terary career
his eld s father a
er brother Muh ' noted scholar and
short t • aromad ( d 1921) •
- s ory writer r • • who, him self a
• eco:nmended t 0
him the works of Guy
 H7
GLOSSARY

The first meaning listed for each word in thi s g1 ossary

represents , in most cases, the specific context ua l usage.
rt i s followed by other primar y me3nings, Essentially sy-
nonymous definitions are separated by commas; a semico lon
marks the beginning of a definitio n in a different semantic
rnnge ,
\lords are arr anged, in genera l, according to Wehr's
lexico graphic a l system, For details, the student is r e ferr ed
to t he "Introduction" of h is fl Dictionary £! l'lodern 1,ritten
Arabic. The following brief summary, however, will be suf-
fi cie nt for most purposes:
Ara bic i;ords a re arranged according to ~rabic r oots.
i'oreign l'Ords wh ich do not clearly fit into overall Ar abic
mor pholog ical catego ri es are listed in straight alphabetical
order (cf. _,.;\,, biyano I piano' ) .
Under a given root the seq_uence of entries is as fo ll ows.
The verb in the perfect of the first conjugation usually
comes first, It is fo llowed by the vowel of the correspond-
inF, imperfect. 'l'hen come the derived stems of tri 1i teral
ve rb s , indicated by Roman numerals. For the derived ste ms
of quadri. literal verbs the following Roman nume r a l s a pply:
I, JW (fa< l a la), II, jJ..i; (tafa<lala), III, Jl;..;I (if<anl a l a) ,
and IV, JJ..,;1 (if<alalla). Nominal forms, verbal nouns of
the stems II throug h x, and all active and passive participl es
follow at the end.
The perfect of the first verbal stem and a ll nomin~l
derivatives of t he verbs are transcribed a ccording to '<ehr' s
system,
Basic abbreviati ons used ar e :
pl, (plural )
coll. (collective)
s. (sint,"Ula r)
dim, (diminutive )
s .o. (someone )
f. (feminine)
s,th, ( s ome thin,,;)
m. (mascu line )
v,n. (verba l noun )
n. (noun )
0 .s • (one s e lf )
 11+9
( I ) '_,;.'ii al-a)s.ira: the Hereafter
abad: endless, eternal _,;.T a)s.ar: other, another
-'<
1 duration, eternity
_,,.;.I a)s.Ir: last
ib~: un:l erarm
•.,;.,. mu >als.Js.ara: rear
iblis: satan (position)

~I ab pl. •l,T aba>: father muta>ak.]l;.ir: coming

late; backward
.,, aba (a ) : to refuse
u)s.t pl. "'' ~\ a)s.awat:
iba,: rejection; re- s ister
fus a l; stru ggle; dis-
dain; pride adab pl. ..,,1,T adab: lit-
erature; manners, polite-
I"~ ma,tam pl. r-'"' ma,atim: ness
funeral ceremony;
memorial gathering udaba>: authors, write r s,
men of letters
atiin: oven
adabI: literary; moral
ata (i): to come; to
accomplish (s,th.); to adim: crust (of earth);
finish, carry through tanned le ather
( ~s.th.)
adamI: human; humane;
;T IV: to choose; to poor, inferior, meager
prefer(~ s.th. to)
adah: instrument
atir: egotistic, selfish II: to perform (duty);
•j, 1 atara: selfishness, to render
er,;oism ta,diya: performance(
,,:1 atir: preferred execu ti on (of a taskJ
II: to call to prayer
~I itm pl. rtT atam: sin,
offense, crime IV: to announce ( ':'
s.th.); to in fo rm
atim: sinful
udn pl. ,:,1.;T a!l,.,'i n: ea r
ajr pl.~' ujiir:
salary, wage; fee isti'~an: a sking pe rmission
ajal: yes, indeed, IV: to hurt, harm
certain ly
J..I a9aan: ha rm, damage
a~al: period, appointed
time, date; instant of mu 'din: offensive ;
death _; respit e , delay annoying ; harmfu l
'III I: to t a Ice, pick arab: aim; wish, des ire
II: to uelay t uad. II: to osc illate
akir: l as t t a,rI~: histo r y; date
 150 151
~b ta>riki: historical, uJ'b V: to be dise;usted, amr pl. ,r' umiir: mat- ,,1 awad: need want• means
historic grumble, mutter in'cto ,., ter , affair, concern; of sub s ist;nce '
plaint ( U" about) om. order; reason
;,' aruzz: rice " " ,,,1 urubbi: European
l,,a....,il afriqiya: Africa ~, amara t (pl.): signs,
.),1_,i;.-.,1 aristuqra~I: aristo- ,:,1, symptoms , m;i.rks JT ala (u): to r eturn ,
cratic _;;I ufq: horizon revert ( JI to ) ; to le ad
1, ,p imara: emirate, princi- ( JI to); t o pass into
the hands of
'-"''' ard : ground• earth,· II: to assure• pality
world ' firm ( s. th. ) ' to con-
,,.1~ mu'amara: plot, con- .iT ala: machine
~,' ar~I: base, bottom·
earthly '
JSt ma>kal: food spiracy J ;, awwa l: first
J,s\. ma> 'cul: food ,.i;.. muta,amir: conspirator
J!I ,1 awa >il : beginning; the
..,_.;,' arnab pl, ._;I I aranib,
rabbit · , • wl ali!a (a): to be ac- J.I ama l pl. Jt.i amal: hope first ones
quainted with• to b dl.i;I anag.aka: then, at t hat
_;,,;I aziz : whistle; whis- get accustomed us~ or "'T IV: to believe
per; humming, buzzing ,to); to like (s.t~) t ime
be fond of • • "'' amn: safety , protection;
,'; 1 izar: loincloth; wrap ,.} ,, a wan: ti.me
shawl; cover • security
u.i1 II: to
write;
put together• to
to compose , ~,1 awa (i): t o seek she l-
~1 Iman: belief, cree d ter; to go ( JI to)
._,.LI asa 7 pl, u-l usus: 0
basis, foundation ma,luf: familiar, usual anna : sigh, groan,
~I ma>wan: pl ace of refuge,
moan shelter; abode ; resting
.._,. mu >assasa: foundation V: to flash, glitter
institution ' place
JC' ananI: egotistic; ego-
,jl..,I US t ag_ pl. ,.i;LI asatig.a •
IV: to come upon, over- tistical, selfish J\l;?' Ital I: It alian
come, befall (..,.. s,o,)
master, teacher• pro-. anisa (a): to find
fessor ' (.:,,,') Jana ( i ): to come , ap -
r,JI alam pl. r tr alam: pain, ( .:,o in s • o • ) ; to be proach, draw near (time )
suffering accustomed ( JI to)
..._1 a sad pl. J ,-1 usud: lion
,.,..1 usra pl. ,-1 usar: family
r,.JI alim: painful 0L:I insan: man, human being

._;_I asifa (a): to regret, rJl; ta 'all um: being in pain ,.:;1..;, insaniya: humanity
b8>is p1.•l..~ bu,asfl,:
feel sorry X: to resume, continue; miserable, wretched;
Ji II: to deify (s,o,), u.:'1:...1
make a god of s,o, to appeal po or, unfortunate
.:,-1 asina (a): to become
rotten, putrid, stale ~I ilah: god, diety anf : nose •Li.., babga' pl. "- 1,l...
babgawat: parrot
.,1 asiya (a)• to b .
sad, dist;essede grieved, JJi allah: God, Allah ..:I anafa: pride; rejection;
"-' batta (u/i): to de cide
disdain ( 0" of s,th,)
( J on s. th.)
,Li. ma>sah pl t -
t ragedy ' '-"' ma,asin:
.,Jb ta>lih: deification
adoration ' o:;cl anaqa: elegance
mutabajjil;i : boas ter,
_,.:I II: to sign ( _,l. s. th, ) ;, II: to nationalize ;,;41 inglizi: Snglish (sing ,) bra ggart

ina, pl. ;,,,;i aniya: ,l,.., bahhar pl. ,,l,.., ba\;ll;iara:

J.,I asl pl J 1 - r'- 1 imam pl. 0::1 a>imma: '\;I
contain€r, vessel
seaffian, ~ariner , sailor;
clple , •ot"i . u~ul: Prin- leader of prayer; pl, also crew (ship)
, gin, root
leader, master
,111 i~ar: frame ahl: peop le; inhabit- ,,_, buhran: crisis, turning
..,, amad pl, Jt.T amad: ants; family, home 01 point ; clim:ix
.;...,;i igriq: Greeks limit, end; term
auba: return
,/, ,JL__
 152
._,..;., baks: cheap
•~ bad•: beginning
bu/i/do •I: elementary,
primitive
mabda• pl.:SJl... mabadi•:
principle; beginning
III : to come to s,o.'s
mind, occur to s.o. all
of a sudden; to rush,
hurry; to fall upon
s.o., accost, assail,
surprise
VIII: to invent; to
discov,~r; to innovate
badI<: wonderful,
marvelous
t-u.. mubdic: creative;
creating; creator;
unique
II: to change
tabdil: change , sub-
stitution, replace-
ment
I~ bada (u): to appear
ibda•: expressing
ball.r pl.,,:,, bull.iir:
sowing; seeds, seed•
s ,sed l ing; pl. pips,•
pits, stones (of
fruit)
J-i...::,- nmbtaJl.al: banal, vul-
gar, hackneyed, co nmen -
place
x barra (a/i): to be
kind, good, affection-
ate (towards s.o.)
x birr: kindness; devout-
ness, piety; obedience•
ri :,;hteousness • index; curriculum
~V:torido.s.( ) "I... bida<a pl.
to free o.s. v- of ;
.s x bar I•: cured; innocent
•Ix bara •: free ( v- from, Of)
1.1 xx bar)2arI pl. •x',,
barabira: Berber; bar-
barian
tx burj pl. t'x' abraj:
tower
ex bariJ;la (a): to leave
ex II: to cause pain ('--
to s.:i.)
..., ,WI al-bariJ;la( ta): yesterday
; ,t, bariz: projecting, prom-
inent
t.x bara<a la): to excel;
to distinguish o.s.
t~ V: to volunteer
t,l. bari': skillful; emi-
nent; outstanding
baraqa (u): to flash
(lightning), glitter,
gleam
.;,xi IV: to send a telegram,
cable
.; x barq pl • .,; , .x buruq:
lightning
.,;1:;_ barraq: shining
d V: to seek blessing
d ,½- mubarak: blessed, for-
tunate, lucky
0 15' .x burkiin: volcano
r,~ mabriim: t1'1isted; woven
c;--1,; x barnamaj: program, plan,
~chedule; roster, list,
burha (tan): a while, a
time; a short time;
instant, moment; a
little while
153
•..6, bu~•: slowness
,,i.." burhan pl• ~I.,,
barah In: proo
).,I IV: to exult; to cause
bri~aniya: Britain to be vain, conceited;
to make reckles s
VIII: to plunder
;.,' u=.h, ba~asa (u/i): to s eize
violently
bizza: uni for~;
•~ attire , clothing
Jh,1 I'I: to abolish
·I VII: to spread, ex-
pand ; to be glad, ~\h, bitala: idleness; job-
lessness, unemployment
· happy
Jh, ba~al pl.JU.,1 ab~al:
,bl..., bi sa t: rug , carpet;
· counter
. hero; champion; sta r
butula: championship;
"'i'-< baskut: biscuit heroism
r-'<' VIII: to smile ba'aia (a): to send
rC. bassam: smiling .:.....,.;I VII: to emanate (.,.
from); to arise; to be
rt_;,_,I ibtisam: smile resurrected
i.L;..,1 ibtisama: smile ba ' ta: dele ga tion;
mission
..:~ basasa: gaiety; smile;
happy mien Quad. II: to be dispers ed
: II: to bring good bacuda (u): to be far
_,-, _ tidings from, ~et far from; to
be remote
,..:~ tabasir (pl.): be~in-
nings; signs, indica- IV: to remov:: to elim-
tions .,....,1 inate; to exile
.,.:t, III: to begin bu'd pl. J""tl abcad:
dimension; dis tanc:e
.,.:., basar: men, human
beings _..1,..; taba'ud: being f)ar
away from (v.n.
.,.,.:., basarI: human; human
beini:, bacd: some; a part o f,
.r a 1lttle of
basic: ugly
..,;,., bap;ta : suddenly; sur-
ba'laqa (u): to spit prise
• II: t o ~ake (s.o.) h 3te,
t"'< bi~': some, a few,
severc1l J>---. detest
bap;,1: Mtefu l
,-!I..;, ,}><-"<
. bada•ic: mercnandise,
e;oods b3 ~a (i) : to seek , de -
siI'c , cov e t , seek.to
U.,1 IV: to be slow; to r;o • "ttain (s.t ', .), wi sh
r or (s .th . )
proceed slo,:l y

154
VIII: to seek, de-
s ire Cs.th.), aspi r e
(to s.th.), strive
(for)
;;,,..., bugya : in ord er to;
with the aim of;
wish, desire
;., baqar: cows, cattle
buq , a Pl.: 1':'< buqa'/
r Ii, biqa: spot,
stain; place; plot,
lot
\,,Ii, baqayii: remainder,
remnant
4 (cf. cl.. ) be, beg,
bek: Bii°y, title of
c ourtesy
~I VIII: to invent; to
originate, create
bak~ra pl. .,,51,,
bawakir: rise, dawn,
beginning; first
fruits
,1>...,1 ibtikar: originality;
inventiveness
.,SI, bakir: early
J., baka (i): to weep
•~ buka,: weeping
J ,L.. mablul: wet
.J..... mut aballid: dull
baliit: tiled floor;
.b)(,
palace
ti. balaga (u): to get
arrive, reach , bI , a pl. biya ' :
e:i, II: to communicate
convey; to inform •
V: to still one's
hunger; to be satis-
fied, content (.,_ With)
155
;,.)l, balaga: rhetoric, elo- mubahdal: neglected; c:,,,L::-; VI: to differ, be dif-
qu0nce J...,.... shameful ferent; to va ry grea tly
F. mablag pl • ..J~ mabalig: ba-h·r·
l •
,.1, shining
admirable;
amount, sunt-; extent
range '
I: to entreat
tablig: announcing; w<' VII tabi<a (a ) : t o foll ow
announcement ibham: big toe; it
vaguene ss, am~igu y III: to follow; to con-
.i.,1 (m.s.) ablah/ •L,J, (f s) tinue
balha>: idiot; stupid• • mubha m: va~ue, ambig-
doltish~ dull-witted ' IV: to cause to follow
uous -I
or succeed
~·
)l, bala ( u): to try; to VI · to be proud (..,, of),
punish p~ide o . s • C..,, on) X: to follow; to subor-
dinat e
.,i, baliya (u): to be or be- tt< ba hw: reception-room
come old, worn; to van- atba< (pl.): followers,
ish; to deteriorate,be- b):>a pl.~~ bI:iat: tl,;I discipl e s
come decrepit milieu; enVironment
tabi'a: res ponsibility;
._,JI., III: to care; to pay ~L bab pl ..,.,1_,.,1 abwab: result
attention (,. to)
cha pter; door
mutatabic: succe ss ive,
.,i, bala: yes, yes indeed, consecutive
certainly, surely cl, ba~a (u): to reveal
,~ muba~: permissible, tibn: straw
.;., bunnI: brown, coffee-
colored l a wful
ma tj ar pl.,_..I.... ma tajir:
v,I ibn_pl. •t...,1 abna '/.,,.._, • ,, :,, budra: powder r shop
banun: son taJ·ir: trader, merchant
JL bal: attention; mind; ,_..l;
.:,~ ban~alun (from It. pant- condition tu:.zna: indigestion
aloni): trousers, pants
,;~ biyano: piano t ramway: tram, street-
•I..., bina, Pl. .,,.._,1 abniya: ..,,,.,.,, car
building, construction bai'},a: egg
tu r ab: dust, soil,
...._, binya: constitution of bai , : s e lling
body, build, physique
earth
tl\, ba >i , pl. ~I., ba>a: t urabi: ea rthly
seller 1_
•i.:, banna,, builder; mason l .l f.'J"
.:,I,..._, bunyan: building, struc- t \,:;..,I ibtiya,: purchase ,..,,..,, Quad. I: t o tra ns l a te
ture; physique, stature t a rjama: tra nslation;
~,; biog r a phy
.:,~ buhtan: lie, gossip church, synagogue
mu t r a ': full; filled
~ • VIII: to be jolly 01, bana (i): to be or be- t,:;... (~ with)
come plain, evident,
come to light
~ahja: splendor, beauty; t a r a f: luxury, a f f lue nce
Joy, delight
V: to see clearly,
l
mut r a f: luxurious,
0'N bahij: jolly, happy; discover; to become J_,;.- li v in ~ in c a s e
magnificent, beautiful cl.ear, e vidcnt
 156
.,_..;I IV: to trouble; to
......
j rk, bother, tire
mata<ib (pl.): pa ins,
worries, troubl es ,
difficulti e s
er\; ta<is: miserable ,
unfortuna te, unha ppy
J;.; tufl: spit, spittle
u\;.; ta f a ha : triYiality;
flatness; stupidity
u\; tafih: trivia l, in-
significent; trite,
banal
ii, talla pl. J)l; tilal:
hill
0 1.,..._J; tiligraf: tele gr am;
telegraph
,...i, talmall.a: school time
appre nticeship time '
.:.,,.i, ti lmisl: student
)l; tala (u): to read•
to recite; to foliow
._,1:....1 X: to continue; to
f ollow up
,,)l; tilawa: racita tion•
re ading '
(luad, I : to stammer
d;.; tanak: oil can
,;, tawwan: immediately
to crown
(,; II:
or>' tuni sI : Tunisia n
cbl IV: to permit; to give
(-,,
c,-'I:.: VI: to yawn
..;..,; I I: t o streng the .
Pr ove; to fix· n, to
roberate, confi;~ cor-
tairib: bl a me, censur
re proof e,
Qua d. I: to chatter
prattle; to be verb~se
Ji_arJi_a ra: verbiage
Ji_arwa: wealth, fortune
•ly Ji_a ra,: weal th
Ji_a , lab: fox
•.,..: Ji_ugra: o ;>ening , breach
Ji_aqaba ( u): to pierce
Ji_a qb Pl. ..,__,.: tuqiib:
hole
uli: t aqafa: culture
,Jli: ;t.aqafl:: cultural
<Ji. mu;t.aqqaf: educ a ted• cul-
tured; intellectuai
J;.: t aqula ( u): to be heavy
J;.:1 IV: to encumber, burden
J,i: t aql:l pl. Jli: Ji_iqal:
heavy; weighty, serious;
burdensome; unpleasant,
distasteful (person)
JI: takal: losing one's
children: bereavement
c,-Jt. matalib (pl.): defects,
shortcomings, disgraces
e:J: 1 IV: to snow
•.,.: tamara: fruit
.:t.aman: price, cost;
value
.,t. tana (i): to turn; to
bow, bend, fold
..,::.;i VII: to turn a way
'\.:I a;t.na,a: during
l
157
aba (u): to r e turn
f JI t o)
J;_aub: wirment
-'f Ji.a w.ab: r ewa rd
;,,i:. maJ;.aba : place
-'f Ji_a ur: ox
Ji.a ura: re volt, revo-
l ut;on , r e bellion;
outb r eak , fi t (of
fury , etc.)
Ji_aurl:: r evolutiona ry
VJ i,,
.t_a, ir pl. )~ tuwwar:
rebel
t awa (i): to die; to
a bide
;L,- ( see a lso _;!5 ) gaz
( :,g .): ga s, kerosene
er ,.L,- jam us pl. u- ,.L,-
jawamis: bu ffa lo
•l,- jah: g lory, fame,
dignity, r a nk
jubba: a lone; outer
ga r me nt, ope n in front
with ,1 ide sl •e eves
IV: to force, compel
,t;:._ jab bar: powerful;
proud
.:,,... jabuna (u): to be fea.r -
ful, cow::, r dly; to
shrink ( ,y from)
jubn: cowardice
jubn: cheese
<,l.. III: to confront
i.. ju.tl_a pl.-=,.. ,ju.tat:
corpse, c adave r; body
jaJi_ama ( u/i ) : to sit ,
r est
j utiud: fogr atitude ;
denia l; a ~osta sy
j utir: burrow, ho l e ,
den, lair
jatiirn ( f., a l s o m. ) :
f ire , hellfire, he ll
jadda (i): to be
se riou s , important
II: to r e new; to re -
form
j idd : serious ne ss
j adb : drought; ste rility
judran (pl.): walls,
£ences, hedge s
j ad1r: wor~hy, des 7rv-
ing; becom ing 1 bef it-_
ti.n~ (~ s.th.J; prope r,
suited; fit(~ for )
II: to blasp ie me
J~ jadal: debate
IV: to be of use, useful
is ti jda ' : be~g in~ , ask -
ing for (alms)
j all,,aba ( i ): to pull,
dr aw , at tra ct
jafuiab : attractive,
c,i pt iva.t i ng
ijtill,,ab: att r acti on ;
pullini;
jull,,wa: burn i ng (coal);
fl a me , fire brand
r.' j a rra (u): to pull
be hipd, trai l
•- I VIII: to rumin~te; to
,-.,:-
chew
V: to dare, venture,
ri s k
 j a rI>: brave, daring
II : to try, attempt
tajriba pl. ":' ,4--
tajarib: experience;
experiment; trial,
test; attempt; practice,
158
rehersal
jurtiima pl, ,..:1,,,_
jaratim: microbe
jurJ;t: wound
t,,,.
t,,,. II: to make s.o, swal-
low; to gulp down
jar!ma pl.
jara>im: crime
rJ',,,.
mujrim: criminal;
evil-doer
jarmanI: Ger:nan
jarw: whelp, puppy
jara (i): to happen;
to run, flow
III: to keep pace with;
to compete with · X: to attract
jary: running; flow
mujarah: keeping up
with; competition
VIII: to divide, break
up; to be content
content o.s, (<,- w1th)
jaza,, reward; punish-
ment
jassa (u): to feel
touch • jala {u): to clear, clarif)!
jasiis pl • ..,....1,,,.
jawas!s: spy .
jasara (u): to dare
jisr pl,,,-.. jusiir:
bridge · I V: to pe r mit
jism pl. r41 ajsam:
body; figure
V: to belch
ja§i•a (a): to be
covetous, greedy
...
,,->-
jamid: frozen, con-
e;eale d
·umiid: standstill,
~tagna tion; inaction
jamra: live coal
•59
u-,:~ mutajanis: com pa tibl e
e; ineh pl. ..:. t.-,,:.... gineha t:
(Egyptian) pound
ja-hd pl.
effort
,._ j uhiid :
ill
!
jama' a (a): to collect; ji had: stru gg l e ; Holy
II: to make (s.o.) surr \Jar
to join
or under~o (s.th.) 1 to:.
pose on (s.o., s,th V: to ac cumulate; to majhud: effort
difficult) •
assemble
mujtahid: dili gent,
ja•ba: quiver industrious
jam': crowd
V: to wave, wrinkle fist)
VI: to pretend ignorance ;
jum< : whole to ignore; to dis~a rd
II: to dry, make dry
jahl: i gnorance
jafaf: dryness ijtimi•: me ~ting,
assembly
jahil: i gnorant
jalla (i): to be great, ijtimi•I: social (adj,);
high majhul: unknown
sociologist
jalil: great, important, jami•a: university j aww pl. •I p-1 ajwa>:.
significant; revered, climate; milieu, environ-
honorable ment; atmosphere
mujtama<: society
jalaba (i/u): to bring; II: to beautify, adorn, IV: to reply, a nswe r
to attract
embellish
istijaba: r e spon~e;
answering; g ranting ,
J~ j amil: beauty fulfillment (of' a
mujaljil: sounding, ringing request)
jamhara: crowd, multi-
jild: skin; leather tude; the 5 reat mass IV· to do well, excel-
le~tly; to b e skilled,
jallad: hangman junna: to become mad, be an expert at
crazy
mujallad: volume; III: to be a nei ghbor to
bound in leather jinin:(pl,): p 1radise
jaur: oppression, tyra 11ny
juliis: sitting; sitting- janin pl. ~I ajinna:
fe tus , embryo; germ
down jiwir: near; nei e hbor-
hood; proximity
junun: madness
to depart ( v" from a place ' jaza (u): to pass, cross
V: to aroid, shun
to evacuate, leave ( v' a from one to a nother; to
place) be lawful
t~ janiJ;t pl.~I ajniJ;ta:
tajliya: clarifying Wing; side; flank III: to pass; to exceed ,
surpass
X: to rest janih pl. r-''P-- jawaniJ;t:
side; rib; wing
jimah: recalcitrance, jundI: soldier
defiance; willfulness VI: to exceed the bounds
in; to trespass
jins!ya: nationality
II: to freeze, congeal
r ;~I injaz: achievement
completion; fulfili-
ment

f6, ja•i': hungry

IJY.- jauf: inside, in-
160
-

-
II: to write; to
compose

J;libr: ink
.,..,.. tiab!s: imprisoned.
restrained '
.,_ ,,_I rv: to c.~use; ·innovate
• v· to speak, talk
.,_ ..,.; (.Jlto); to tell,
discuss
tahaddu:t.: talking,
161
<-",... J;larbl:: military
J;lira:t.a: tilling; agri-
culture
miJ;lrii:t.: plough
terior II: to forb id ( Js _. a.th •
.:1,.. tia baka ( i/u): to discussing to s,o,)• to narrow,
J~ iala (u): to pass 1iell and tight. tweave tighten ls.th.); t o make
J, . ,_ through s. th.); tighten '
0 .,_, .....1 ahda:t. ·(pl.): events; (s,th.) difficult
to move freely; to aau1ts
wander, trave l ..I.> tiabl: rope harasa ( i): to strive
, ,... hadI:t.: modern, new { Js i'or); to desire,
.J~ jaula: round· tour; J,:1,..- J;laba•il (pl.): snares ....,, {adj.); tradition; covet ( Js s. th. )
excursion ' discussion; speech,
~atm: imposition, in- talk; conversation harf pl. ,J,,... tiuriif:
JI;.. jawwal: wandering· Junction; resolution ietter; consonant;
wanderer, travele; determination ' .!- ,...., hudiit: occurence; particle
setting in (of a
J~ majal: possibility; r_,;;.,...- mahtiim: predestined state or condition) inJ;liraf: deviation
scope oraained; decreed• '
decided; inevitabie .!-JL>- hadi:t. pk. JI~ );l.awadi:t.: VIII: to be burnt
J ~ mutajawwil: peddler event, inc idenf;
tiajaba (u): to hide hariq: fire , conflagra~
_,,.~ jauhar: essence veil ' J:;_., II: to gaze, sta re hon; heat
(..,_ or JI at)
,_,,.~ ~auha~a pl. 1~ ~\.. J;lajib: doorkeeper· V: t o move
Jawah1r: jewel. · chamberlain; eyeb;ow ..... tiadaqa: pupil (eye)
precious stone, 9-araka: movement; vowel
- hijr: lap; bosom; ;;, ..... 9-adlqa pl. ..;i1...,.
'6, ja 'a: to come (..,_ •6, : forbidden, prohibited hada•iq: garden 9-arak: movement
to bring} { ..,,\;l_,..,JI ..,,...,. : zoo)
harama (i): to deprive;
.,.,-. jaib pl. ..., '"'" juyub: l}-ujra: room
~:;_,.; V: to challenge to plunder
pocket · ·
rajaza (u/i): to block II: to forbid
,off), bar, close; to jl,. III: to be parallel,
j!l pl. Jl,...1 ajyal• opposite
s eneration; era, • ma~e inaccessible; to l;laram: fo rbidden
seize; to confiscate
epoch; century ' .:..» !)ida~ pl. ~-bot al)diya:
harim: female members
hajiz pl. hawajiz: shoe of the family, women;
( t ) fence, dividing _llne ,,... II: to free; to eman- harem; wife
cipate; to edit (book) hirman: poverty , desti-
; ~ maJ;ljiiz: barred, hin-
rl..l.. tiatam: rabbi dered, prevented ,... hurr pl. ,1.,,.1 a\i,rar: tution
..,..... II: to cause s.o. to ;\.. 9add: sharp; vehement
free; freeman; liberal; ma9-rama: handkerchief
like independent
J;lidda: sharpness iJ;ltiram: respect
~.,,.; tahrir: liberation;
..,.,..... J;labib: dea r; lover edlting muhtaram: res p3cted,
beloved, sweetheart maJ;ldud: limited; defined
revered, esteemed
:\.. J;larr: hot; ardent,
.....,_ ma habba: love• J;lada:t.a (u): to happen passionate V: to i nvesti gate; to
affection; attachment seek, strive for
II: to tell
.:.. ?abba: bead (of a
..,_,\.. III: to fight
ta9-arrin: 1nvesti5ation
rosary ); grain; pill III: to conve rse, speak, '-:-,... tiarb pl •..,_ ,.,,. tiuriib:
talk; to call up (s,o, war
_.JL____ bv tel ,mhnnP)
w _.

162 163
._,. :,,,. J;> i zb pl. ._,. I :,,.I ahzab: •1...:,..1 iJ;ltisa': sipping,
party (political) drinking muhattam: broken into ul.. hafin pl. ;i;_ l_mfah:
f,,--- pieces barefoot
r1:,,,. hizam pl. -. _;...I ahzima: ~I VIII: to be assembled
belt; girth • t. hafZ pl. J,,_h,- Q.Ufuf: .;i.. II: to realize; to pro-
l,lai'la (Ji): to fill, stuff __. share; lot, fate; duce; to verify, in-
ril.. J;>azim: decisive, firm, good fortune vestiga te
resolute .rt..; VI: to avoid
.1,,-b-- mai,lfiif: lucky .;i..: V: to realize; to verify
.:, :,.. 9-uzn pl ..:,I :,,.I aJ.lzan: •~I a~/!la,: interior, in-
sadness, grief, sorrow side, womb; intestine ,b. i;,afara (u): to forbid ~I X: to deserve
(pl.; s
~I IV: to feel ._;_,. haffa (u): to sur~ &-- l].aqq pl._;_,.... 9uqiiq:
....,:l.. J.laiHya pl. •I
tJ.awahn: round (._,. with) right
..,......: V: to search; t,:, feel margin; bo~e~; edge
(..,. s,th.); to grope mihaffa pl. -at: lit- .;,;... haqiqa pl. ,;ii.... 9aqa>iq:
ab l,li~ad: harvest ter, stretcher; sedan truth
u- J;>ass: feeling

·~
_,-;I VII: to be restricted J;iaffa: edge, shore .p 9-aqiqI: true, real
..,,....... hasis: faint noise,
sound 9-a~Ira: mat haf1d pl. albl al].fad: taJ;iqiq: investigation
grandson
J;>asaba (u): to compute,
calculate; to count
,,.,.._ 'llatJ.~iir: limited istiJ.lqaq: one 's due;
hufra: grave; ditch, ~ayability, falling due
J.-: tati~Il: getting; learning pit (of a sum of money)
hasiba (a/i): to think,
oelieve, suppose, assume J,.....__ rnatJ.~iil: harvest; income ,,;.,..... mal,lfiir: inscribed; dug hiqd: hatred, malice,
resentment
.,._1,. III: to hold ( s, 0 , )
rasponsible; to settle ..,- l;la~an: gravel, small _ii.. hafaza (i): to push;
stones to stimulate haqir: miserable; de-
an account spised; mean
~asb: enough, sufficient •t.....l iJ.lsa': count, statistics .hi... J.lafifa (a): to protect,
haqara: meanness, base-
, ..,_,.; : only) Cslng,) watch; to learn by
heart ness; smallness
..,.i.... l;>i~ab: counting account l,la~I~: ground, bottom
arithmetic ' • mu~afaza: conserv- Ji.. haql pl. Jji> !].uqiil:
.,...._i toX: mind;
to visualize, call
to bring
atism;• district field; field (under
cultivation)
9-asada (u): to envy
muhafiz: conservative; ,:jb- haqana (i/u): to inject;
l,lasara (u/i): to un- ,,.;,.. l,lu~iir: presence; those chief officer of a to prevent
cover Present (as one pl of district
.,.ol.. ) •
•.,.... J.lasra: grief hafala (i): to be full J.,. hakka (u): to rub; to
scratch; to scrape
regret; sigh' sorrow, •,I.... hadara• civilization, {.._, of), abound(.._, in);
cuitur; to care ( J for); · to ihtikarI: monopolist;
r-l.. l;tasim: decisive pay attention, attend
(.._, to s. th. ) ; to monopolistic
;;,.,._ matJ.~ar: report
&--- J.lusn: beauty; good- concern o.s, (._,. with) IV: to make (s.th.) firm;
ness; grace .,.;.\... 9-a~ir: present (adj,) ~\
J\i;...1 to strengthen; to do well
i~tifal: party, fes-
.:,\....1 ihisan: charity J:.. 1
hatta Cu): to put; to tivity; celebration
k ndness , alms; hukm: judgment; ruling;
ower rule
.i:_ J.lafila: streetcar
mul;lsin: donor

£1
factor Phil• bene- matJ.atta: station hakim pl. •~ \mkama':
• anthropist \;lafna: handful Wise; wise man, sa ge;
VIII: to Sip, drink ,.£. II: to crush, break, philosopher; doctor
iJ.ltifa>: honoring s.o.

Ir
smash, shatter,dilmolish
,·
V: to be broken int9 pieces

.. );lukuma: government
hukumI: official,
governmental
muhkam: masterly; firm,
so1id; accurate, pre-
cise, well planned
J,..1
IV: to permit, allow
"J.,.;1 VII: to be untied
s olved
J.,. );lall: solution
J)l.. halal: permitted,
1aw ful
J ,.i.. 9-ulul: occurence;
abiding
J~I i);l tilal: occupation
.,..1.., V: to flow; to water
(mouth)
.;I..: V: to form a circle,
sit in a circle; to
gather in a circle
( .,i. around s .o.)
w,.. );lalaqa: circle, group
);lulka: intense black-
ness
clJl.. J;taii k: deep black;
gloomy, murk,-
r-1-- b.ulm pl.
Oream
rX...1 ahlam: .
• .;,...,.
_.!.. );lulw: sweet, tasty
.:..\,_.!.. l;talwiyat: sweets
......., ~amida ( a): to praise.
commend, extol
...... );lamd: praise
; ,... );lumra: lipstick; red-
ness
,..., ai;,.mar: red (m.s.)
1
' ,-.. );lamrii': red ( r. 8 . )
165
mutahammis: enthusi
• astic II· to lean, incline Jl.. );lal pl. JI ,...1 a);lwal:
l;tamaqa: stupidity .,.,-' ( jover s.th.)! to condition, s ta te; sit-
bend , curve, tw1st; uation, condition
.;..,-I ahmaq (m.s.) •Ii.,. h _ to bow
~f.s.): stupid; foo~mqa, ~l.. );lalan: at once, ri ght
imbecile • huniiw: affection, ~way, immediately
,.,. kindness
hamala (i): to carry ;J,... hila pl. J,,,.. hiyal:
bear; to hold; to bri in);lina': bend, ~eflec- stratagem, - ruse
take ( .,JI or J s th t ng, •~1 tion, curvature, in-
• • O s.o, ) clination; bow JI.,. );liyala: opposite
II: to charge, task
make carry or bear' hanut pl. """'I,_.. .,J\,,.;...I istil;tila: impossibility
.:-,:1.,. ~awanit: shop
V: to bear, !Esume; to :nul).tal: deceiver
take upon o.s. ~I.,. );laja: need; thing
mustal).Il: impossible
Jw,1 VIII: to bear, stand; l;.,..... muhta j: in want,
c need ( JI of) hawi (i) : to contain,
to endure; to carry; to
be possible include, embrace, hold
,,1.,.. hara: quater, section
J,.... );lamul: enduring, long- (of a c ' ty) 'fIII: to comprise,
suffering; gentle contain, hold, embrace
;I.,. haza (u): to get, re-
Jl....1 il_itimal: endurance, ceive, attain; to (\,,.,.,).,.. gayya: to live
patience; possibility ~ossess, own, have
(s. th.) II: t o keep s.o. alivel
to greet , salute (s.o, J
);lamiya: enthusiasm
hiyaza: getting,
cf'>' ~ama (i): to protect, possession, acquisition IV: to revive, resurrect
uefend
.bl.,.I IV: to surround (..,.. with); hayy: living (adj.);
-.1.... l;limaya: defense to comprehend, under- .,.. alive
stand fully(..,.. s.th.) hayy pl. •1,,.-1 a~ya ' :
rt... muhamin pl • .:, ,-t- muhamiin: <!" quarter of a city
defense counsel, lawyer, .b~I VIII: to take precau-
barrister, attorney (at tionary measures
law), . advocate ,r gayiy: shy
II: to ha:v,e compassion
il.,,. hita: guarding, pro-
tection; precaution .,.,.... h.ayawiya: yitality
gayawin: animal
.:,~ J,lanan: pity .bl.,. );liyata: defense,
protection tahiya : gr ee ting ,
.:,,,.:... ~anin: longing, ye_arning, saiutation; salute
esire .b¼,._1 il;ttiyat: caution;
precaution istihya': shyness;
; ~ J,lanjara: throat shame; modesty
.l.ll.. );la>i t: wall
J,laniqa (a): to be mui;,.ayyan: face
furious, mad, angry J';.. II: to change; to
send, t ransmit, for- II: to confuse, bewi l der
l_ianaq: anger ward (Jlto)
ha'ir: per plexed,
l;lana (u): to bend; to J ,l.. III: to try, attempt• confused
be affectionate, kind, make an effort
compassionate hana (i): to draw near,
Jl....:...1 X: to be changed; to ~p;,roach
b e i mno~Ribl e
 166 167

.;l.. 9ana: tavern ;_,.:;. 1i:a~aba: log ·.1.;. kaH Pl. .1,~ kutut :
line ; writing
.i!;,_.,.. hina,idin: then, at t,:.;.I
~~ab (pl,): wood
a <>
that t ime .:,..,;. kadin: friend, com- kitta: plan of a ction,
panion 1i:aiilum: nose; gills way '
h1nadaka: then, at r,_:..,;-
that time J.;t;.:; VI: to retreat; to le t,ailiya (a): to fear ~I IV: to be mis taken ; to
up, flag, languish t ._,.:.;- commit an error, make
wane, decrease, fade 1i:ailya: fear a mi stake; to be at
( t ) fault ( J in)
-,_,;.. kirb~: ruin, disinte- tassa (u): to dis-
grating structure tinguish, single out; kata': mistake
W. II: to hide to ascr ibe to; to
t._,;.. taraja (u): to go out• belong to katI ,a pl. \,lb katoaya :
kabit: wicked, mali- to leave( to emerge • sin, cri me ; offense;
cious (.:,-from; blunde r
~W. 1ta 1>a'i1> (pl.!: features,
.r.> ltabar pl. ,t,...1 atbar: characteristics
IV: to take out; to III: t o speak( ta l k ,
news; tradition send out, expel; to addre ss ( s .o. )
(Muslim) tat1>11>a t (pl.):
produce allotments
ltubz: bread ls;a t b pl.c,, ,h;, tu ~ub :
t_.;....I X: to take out• to kii1>1>: special; private calamity; se ri ous
exploit ' matter
.i.;..: V: t o be lost, wander,
s t ray( to stumble .;1;.. ]iassa: elite; char- ll;.utba: speech; sermon
l over; t._,;.. kurj: saddlebag a cteristic
(of F'riday)
l,... ltaba (u): to be (!<_,..;.. kirrij: graduate (of) ,.,,.,,;.... muka1>,;;a,;;: allotted
ext i.ngu ished Ji;.atib pl. •W,.. ll;.utaba':
""_,;.I akras: mute ",--«> ka1>ib: productive, orator
,-,1;.. ltatam: end; seal fruitful tat Iba : fiance e
t~I VIII: to invent
ltajila (a): to be ,-,,;.. ka1>r: waist ]l;.atara ( i/u ) : to think
ashamed ( ,:,. of s. th.) ...;,, _,;.. karif: autumn
or' occur ( Jto s . o . ) ,
u.... kusla: lock, wisp (of co~e t o s.o.'s mind
_.... ltadd pl,,,..._ kudud: a)l;raf ( m. s • ) •I; . jtarfa' hair); bunch, cluster
cheek ( f. s,): foolis'h, stupid,
unsound ~ ' VIII: to quarrel,
v: to walk with a
...,,t;..t a~ad!d (Pl.): furrows lofty, proud gaid
have a fight
lines • VIII: to penetrate,
pierce, tear through, i.atar: importance,
rl,,;,;,t iktisam: quarrel, serious nes s ; dange r
mikadda: cushion break; to cross, pass fight
pillow ' through
ll;.atir: i~porta~t;
, .... II: to numb; to d kiraq (pl.): rags
,-,,;. ka?m pl. r,_,.;.. JJ;,usum:
opponent
dangerous; se rious
anesthetize rug,
.:,;.. ltazz: silk ~atir pl. ),Ip
ku\lya: testicle :,,a;,a\;ir: thought
multaddir: sedati
anesthetic ve, u_;.;..I IV: to disgrace, dis- J l..;.1 ik\la,I: specialist, V: to snatch ; to sweep
honor expert away , ca rry away
V: to scratch

kada , a (a): to deceive

u-'" ltasi>a (a): to be kaga ,a (a): to sub- _ik;.\ VIII: to snatch
driven away mit, yield, obey
ltida,: deceit tatif: r evenous, r apacious;
kasira (a): to lose, JJ:;;. II: to mark with lines; rapid, prompt , quick,
forfeit to plan sudden; sho rt, bri ef
i...u. kidma : sex-vice
•,t...... kasara: loss, damage
 168 169
lb. katii (u): to step, .u\;. Kalid: immortal t
step out • e erna1 lrulq pl. J)l..l aklaq: -.;1;. kafa (a) : to f ear
._,J;.;.I VIII: t o cheat; to ~haracter, d isposition
•~ J..u~wa: step, first embezzle u y- II: to frighten , sca re,
s te p J )l;.I ajs;laq (pl.): ethics; a l arm, fill ( s. o . ) with
.....t.;. kulsatan: s t ealthil morals f ear
,._;_._ kaffa ( i): to be easy , furtively Y,
light; to decrease .;.J;. kilqa: natural dis- u.,;...... muk.If: fearful, fri ght-
in i nt ensity kala~a ( u): to esca . position; appearance, ful, t errible
to be pure; to be Pe, physi oe;nomy
.u,,;.;.:; t al;.f!f: relieving , completed; to get rid J;;. II: to grant ; to en-
easing; reduction ( .:,. of) • . le 1s;al 1q : suitable, fit; title; to authorize
.;,,-- worthy ( ._,, of)
!t_afata (u): to lower V: to free o.s.; to ,:;1;. ka •in: traitor
(voice) ge t rid of J )l;. tallaq : creative;
creato r ..sy- t awa (i) : to be empty
ci\;. l!;afit: inaudible, low; ~I X: to take; to infer•
faint, fading to appropri a te, choo~e• ,sJ\;. ka liq: c r eator .,,,;. ka iba : disa ppo int:nent
to extract '
inkifad: lowering, )I.;. js;a la ( u ) : to be free II: to put a choice to
reductlon J.l;,. kalat;a (i): to mix ( c:,- of); to be void , s .o. ; to pref er ( ..,i.
empty; to depart s.th . to )
munkafi~: low J.l\;. III: to mix with (~from)
_,,;.; V: to choose
kafiya (a): to be .11...I VIII: to mix, mingle J;. II: to le ave , let
unknown, hidden (a with a lone; to open the '-'~ ka irI: charitab l e , benef-
fact; ..,i. to s.o.); way ( v.,, for s.o. to) ic ent, b~nevo l ent, phil-
to hide .b)l;..I al!;lat; (pl.): mixtures anthropic
_µ.1 IV: to hide j.;..; V: to give up; to
kaH t; : mixture abandon !,_a ir: good ; bette r
._;;.;-1 VIII: to disappear kaliya pl. l,,)l;.. ka laya: kayyir: good , benevol ent
(~from); to vanish· .I.hi iktila t: mixing, ming- o,J;.
to be hidden ' ling wlth cell; hive (be e )
,1,;.;-1 iktiyar: choosing ;
mal!;liit;: mixed J\;. kalin: empty cho ice
J.,-..-1 X: to hide .b

IV : to extinGuish; to kai t pl. .b 11;.uyu ~:

;,.. kaf1y: mysterious• kala<a (a): to remove, Ju.I
thread; tie
hidden, secret (adj.) uproot; to pull out, suppress, subdue
wrench V: to imagine, pretend
j.. kall: vinegar • ,1.;. kamma ra: bar, tavern
uk II: to leave JI,;- Jiayal: i maginat ion
Ji.._ mukallal: pickle ...,:...;. kamaifa ( i/u): to
.}l;. kalfI: rear, back; scratch .i,,;..... maJ,.Ila: i magination
~ 1 VIII: to attract• to backward
capt~vate (the h;art J..,__ llU]l;.mal: velvet J.,_;. Jiail: ho rses
or mind) ¾ kalifa pl. •~ tulafa •:
successor;. caliph; d..a;.;.. kandaq pl• J>\.;.;.. sanadiq: ;J~ !s,ayyala (pl.): horsemen
I~I: to disturb replacer ditch, trench
disquiet • ..,_.;. ;,.aima: t ent
u)L.I iktilaf: difference kanaqa (u): to s trangle
~;;;~)~o possess (the kanq: strane;ling of
• to quiver
tremble• to b •
ul..... mutakallif: backward
to anim;t e excited; ,'>->- kuwar: bellowin5 of
inspire e, move, uJ..;.. muktalif: different cattle da• aba ( a) : to persis t,
perseve r e , be tire l ess
..;J.;. k.alaqa ( u): to create l.Pp. kau~: wading through
--
170 171
dabba (i ): to cr awl; IV : t o ove r t ake ; t o
t ~_.;\ indifa ': push, st i mulus i:. I.,., di mag : bra i n
t o advance , move ,
slo wl y
reach; to understand
da r a (i ) : to know• t JJ da fana ( i ) : to bur y ...,
'-"" dani, : me an , l ow , vu l ga r
.,_c., dabbaba : tank ( mil ,) be awa re (..,. of), ; 0 daq qa (i/u ): to strike , u-- J danas : fil th , po llu tion
(1.,,,., d1ba j: s il k brocade niz~nt, f amilia r, a~- ._; , beat , ring , play ( _,;.a
qua1nted; to underst mus i c al instrumentT(u); 1;., dana ( u ) : t o a pproach ,
comprehend and, to b e fine (i)
i:,,,,"' t adbij : embell i shment, dr aw nea r
adornment , ornamen - ~j.J daz zina : dozen
ta t ion ~, da qq a: b ea t ing 1,.;., dunya : worl d ( n . ) ; l ow
( ad j . , f. s . )
.,., .,; t ad2 I!: pl. .,,,,1.i; ,.,.., ~as sa (u): to slip, Put ~, diqqa : pr e c is ion;
t adab ir: me a sure , move , ins~rt ( J s .th , into),' minut eness ~., dahr pl. , ,.,. ., duhiir :
step , pl ann ing , organi- to int rigue , plot ' time , epoch , era
zat i on ; di rection, -,t.., du<aba : jest daq iq: prec ise , fine
management ~., dahsa : wonde r , sur pri se
~., dakka ( u ) : t o de stroy,
~ 1,.., da ja j a : hen .. t.., d~<ama pl, r-'t.-' da<a,irn : dem olish 0\.,,., dihan: pa i nt
pilla r, prop, support
,...., dal_lara (a ): t o de f ea t;
0 fi., dukkan pl. ~6., u-" I~ mudah in : fl a tt ere r;
t o drive away u'- I.,; ·v1 : to ca ll to one hypocrite
dakakin: sho p
another; to collapse
( r-" Quad . II: to roll; t o ,,;\;$ , dikt a t ur: dic t a tor su,.., daha, : shrewdne s s ,
roll down ,_,.., da,wa: ca ll, invitation astut ene s s
j...,_, X: t o a s k about; to
J._.,\ IV : t o bring in •t.., du<a, pl • ..,_.,1 ad<iya: inquire duda : worm
call, invitation; call
J.-1 ., dakil: in, i nside on God for aid •1.,1 adilla,: a dducing I V: t o di rect , ma nage ;
( pr oof ) to cause to turn
~ ., II: t o smoke ~t.., di <aya: propaganda
.J~ , da l a l a : pr oof; meaning ,1..._1 X: to be come r ound
.:, 1..., dukan: smoke •t...._, istid<a, : application;
ca lling for J~.,, i dlal: conceit } ., dar : house
.:,,,>-"' tad]dn: smoking
(toba cco ) /:..,;.., Quad. I: to tickle daur pl. ,1 ,.,1 adwar:
t:l-'-'' VII: to soa r up stage , phas e; pe riod ;
;..._, X: t o cause or try to ._;., duff, daff: tambourine u..1., da l a f a ( i): to penetr a te, r ol e ; story
bring about the abun - r each
dant flow (of) :_,;1., dafi,: warm dawaran : t urning ; wan-
~ ., dala qa (u): t o pour out dering; gi dd ines s,
..,. ,., darb Pl...,.,,., dur iib : _,;t;., dafatir
(pl.): copy- di zz iness
alley , road bo oks; r egisters , VII:
.... t o be pour ed out d3, ira pl. _,.:,,.., dawa, i r :
...,..,,.,, tadrib: t raining ~..i;I VII: to let o . s. be department; circle
r-' dam : blood
(,.,, IV: t o infold, include
carried away ( •I,,
by
muda wwa r : round ,
s,th , ); to dart off, damim: uc;ly
rush off c i rcular
daraj a : step , stair · .,l.., damama : ui:; lines s
degr ee, grade, rank' .....; .., daf , a: ctcisa (u): to step ( on );
paYl!lent; push t o tread , t r amp l e on,
dar s pl •
l es son u-, , ., -
durus: w .. duf, a : (at) one time;
4!\...t dama1.a: p:e nt l e ne s s ,
re fine ment
crush (s . th . )
push; payment VI : to del ibera t e ,
d irasa: t .., u--1., dam is: dar k J ,'-" ha ve a d i s cu ss io n ; to
ing s u~y, s tudy- tt;., difa,:
defense, pro- ~l tcrnate , t ake t ur ns
t e ction ...__, dam, a pl • t ,. ., dumI' :
t ea r
19J f
 172 173
._,,'J,J dul~\J~pl. ..,,,_JI,., g_ira, pl. t , j l a~ru,,, mall,hab pl• ..,.._,.,.., Jl...i, r a's -mal : ca pital
dawalib: wheel arm; forearm .. mall.ah ib: sect; reli-
gion ; school of law Jl...i, ra 's - malI: capitalist
r'J dama (u): to continue, Qarafa (i): to shed ( in Islam)
to last (tears) ,r,,!, ra>IsI : princi pa l, main
J_,,j dahila (a): to be
rJIJ da>im ( 1.:IJ da>i,nan): llura: maize Alarmed, dismayed ..,.. , J,. mar 'US: subo r dinate ;
perpetual; always inferior
du•r: terror, fri ght JJ-"_; duhul: confusion;
~,., dawa: to sound, resound, inattention; thought- ~•I,:; VI: to appear ( J to ) ;
ring out; to echo, IV: to obey, submit lessness to seem
reverberate
ill<an: submission, J.,,lj dahil: forgetful; ~t,i VI II: to s ee, conside r
,J II: to ring out, re- obedience, submissive- be wildered; negligent ra ' Y pl. •I JT ara, :
sound, sound; to echo ness
view, opinion
Yo., dihn pl. ,:,L,,jl as:l,han:
~,J dawiy: sound, noise, ll.aqan: chin, beard mind; intellect ~JJ ru ' ya: s0e ing, looking ,
rin~ , clang, roar,
thunder, drone; echo, viewing
ll.akara (u): to recall g.awu (pl.): rel at ives
reverberation remember; to say, teli; i.,. ma r, an pl . •,.,. ma r.3 , in:
to mention, relate '-:-'l..i g.aba (u): to va nish, 0
si[;ht
•I, .J da w.4 , pl • 't, ..,1 adWiya: diss~lve
medicine II: to remind ._,;C rabbanI : di vine; [;Odly
,.; du pl. ,,.; g,awu:
.,,1,1.,-..,,J dimuqra~I: democracy IT: to remind owner, possessor ~, II: to pat
v.,J dain pl. ,:,,.J duyun: }:,; V: to remember, bear in .,,,_; g_at pl. c:-t,_; ll.awat: C"J rabiJ;ia (a): to gain,
debt mind self; same profit, win
,:,,,.>o madin: indebted llikr: recollection; datI: subjective; .i.,1, III: to camp , be
memory; mention; praise, personal stationed
<f-,,J dinI: religious fame
dada (u ) : to defend, ..h.;1 VIII: to be linked,
.:,,..._. mutadayyin: pious, llikra: remembrance, protect((>" s,o., s.th,); · , tied (..,, with)
godly, devout, memory, recollection to repel, drive away
religious .bl,;} irtibat : tie; commit-
tall.kira pl. .,51:,_ tag.akir: llaqa (u): to taste ment, Obligat ion,
ticket engagement
( j ) dauq pl • .._;I ,_; I all.wag:
taste ~IJ r3bi~a : tie, connection;
llaka>: intelligence
le ague
c,j ll.aba);la (a): to slaugh- ll,akly pl. •i,,Sjl all,kiya': ta,J.awwuq: tasting;
ter, butcher; to apprec iation J," _,. marbut: tied, bound
sacrifice intelligent
jj t_ljl IV: to make known, V: to sit down cros s -
J,j ll.abula (a ) : to wither; !lull: misery, humble- t',:; 1ege;ed
ness, mumiliation announce; to reve a l,
to fade; to be wilted disclose; to broadca st , rub' pl. t~} '1 rba<:
ll.aliq: sharp transmit t: J C!u a :·ter, one -fourth
,;. ... muddall;ar: stored up
J,j g_ail pl. Jl,,jl agyal:
,j ll.arrI: atomic ll.amm: blame, rebuke tail raba ( a ) ( "'-" ) ~,
r '1b ia ( a) : t o ,:,row;
mull.ammam: reprehensible to increase ; to r~row up
t,j llara,a (a): to measure· ( n child)
to cover (a distance)•' ( J )
t(o cross, traverse , ll,ahab: gold rut ~b :
a country) rutb'1 pl..,_;,
I ll.ahabI: golden U"iJ r a,s pl. U""JJJ ru,Us: r ~1nk
hea d
 174
._,.;I, ratib: s a lary
..,..:,. murat t ab: salary;
arranged
cl:, r itaj: gateway, gat e
.;, r a ta (i): to l ament;
to pity ( J s. o. ) t
sympathize (withJt
feel sorry ( J for J
rita ': l amenta tion;
elegy
er., Quad. I: to move, shake
~I_,; VI: to withdraw
~, r a j': echo; return
t_..,,. J rujii' : return
~,,. mura ja,a: revis i on,
r e v i ew
,_;_,,., ,' VIII: to tremble, quake;
to shudder
~1, rajif: shaking, vi-
brating
~_,; V: to dismount
~, rijl: leg
~, rajul pl. J~, rijal:
man
~...,,., rujiila : manhood, viril-
ity; manliness, bravery
~ 1, rajil: walker, pedest-
rian
•~,, arja, (pl.): extremities,
frontiers
raja,: hope
marjiiw: desired, want ed
II: to welcome
ri~ab (pl.): open areas•
vastnes s; generosity '
a,., riJ;il a : tra ve 1, t ri
voyage P,
J...., raJ;iil: ueparture; emi-
gration; exodus
a,.,. marJ;ia la pl. ~I - r' "
a day ' s journey; marahn .
pha se, stage stepi ·
....., raJ;ima: pity, mercy
r ,>,. marJ;iiim: dece a sed
._.;.,' IV: to loosen; to
lower, let down
._.;.I_,; VI: to be loosened
.,.;.,,' VIII: to b e come lax
._.;._,...I X: to become lax, hang
down loosely
JJ, II: to repeat
JJ _,; V: to be repeated; to
call again; to hesitate
.'.;;,' VIII: to retreat
JI.,;,' irtidad: withdrawal,
retreat
IV: to .continue; to
complete (..,. s.th, with);
to follow up
c.S.,;} VIII: to put on (clothes)
'IJ, rida, pl, ;,,J,' ardiya:
mantle; cloak
.;1.;, radiid: drizzle
ci, razaha (a): to sink
under
Jj., razaqa (u): to givet
provide (livelihood)
rizq pl. ,_;I;,' arzaq: .
livelihood, dailY bread,
property; income
~L, risala: mission, ca 11111g;
message, letter
175
yII I : t o be tr1;-ced ,.
r-' 1
en•; r :ive d ; t o . find vi s -
ibl e e xpress ion
ra. s mI : of f ic i a l
•nnrt 'l.sam: marke d
; L: , r a sis : sp r ay
t ars I~: n omina tion (for
el e ct i on)
r..: ,. murAssa J;i : c a nd id.q te ;
no'!linee
, l.: , 1 irsiid : guida nce ,
in st ruc t ion
<f' J r a ssa ( u) : to pile up;
to . pre ss toge ther ,
s que e 'Z C
<!'Li>, r a~a ? : l ea d, bulle ts
r a s i f : pa v e:na nt ,
sidewa l k
~ , r ai 1 ' : nurs l ing
IV : to pl e a se , sati s f y
L; ) r i da n : s a t i sfa c t l on,
acc e pt a nce
-,..I,, r at b: f r esh, cool;
mo i st , da mp
..,_,., r a, aba ( a) : t o be
t err ified
.,.~ , , IV : t o f r i gh t en
..,_,., ru , b : fri ght, terror
~ 0 ,1 VI II : t o t r embl e
"', r a , d : thunde r
ri , ~a : a trembling ,
sha k i ng
irtica ~a : s hi ver ,
t r e mor, t r ~mb ling
a r ,n n: stup id; f rivo lous
..f r-- 1 X: to dr aw one ' s at t entio n ;
to at tract (s . t h . ) ; t o
obs erve ( s . t h . )
r i c8ya : pr ot e c tio n , care ,
guarding ; es t eem
t', r a ,in pl. ,t., ru,iih :
shepherd
I I: to provok e desire ,
.,,.,. J
a ll ure ; t o att r act ( J s . t h . )
r agba : des i r e ; wish
t argi b : inv itation ,
a t traction ; awake ni ng o f
a desi r e ( cl for)
r agd : pl ea san t , agre ~b Lc ,
easy
r ag if : l oa f ( bread)
r affa (u / i ) : t o twi t ter ,
flut te r
r aff : she l f ; r ack ; l edge
•\;, r ma r f a , : ha rbor
Quad . I : to f l i cke r ; t o
fl ap t he wings ( bird) ;
t o f l utt er ( f l ag , etc . ) ;
to bl ow ( wi nd)
,._;;; rafraf : umbre l l a ; s he ~te r ,
pr otect ive c ove r ; awn1 nt,
._,.; , rafasa (i/u ) : t o ki ck
~ ; r a fs : ki c kinr;
r af ada ( i/u) : t o re j ect,
turn" down , de c l i ne ,
r e fuse to accept (s . t h . ) [
t o l ea ve , aba ~do~ ( s . t h . J;
to dis card , d 1sm1 s s
(s. t h . )
....,,, VII I : to go up ; t o r is e
L Gbove ; to i nc rea s e
t a rri c: promo t i o n ,
ti' ;, o.d'r:1.nc e ment
~ 1, II I : t o a cco~ p3ny
 176 177
'5', rifq: mercy .,..x,' VIII: to commit
mistake ) Ccr1111G,
r anba : fe a r, f ri g ht, r a , i <: s plendid , adm ir-
'-~ , rafiq pl. •t.;, ru fa qa, : -::ilarm , te rror; a we
mild, gentle; kind ..,S, r a kb: proce ss ion,
~ 1 abl e ! wonde rful, ma r ve l ous ,
(...,.. to); companion, convoy g lo r ious; c harm ing ; i m-
r a hbana: monasticism pres s i ve , -a we some
fri en d .,S, rukb a : knee ~ )

..;.. ,' II' : t o s harpen ._;.11, ra 0 iq: pur e ; att r active

._;Ii, rifaq (pl.): friends, .., j, r a !(uba: mount, female
co:npcmions riding camel
,;,I_,. marafiq (pl.): sources
_,; tarkib _pl • ..,...Ji_,;
of livelihood composition
J;, r.a f a la ( u): to flaunt, ..,SI, rakib pl. '-:-'~, ru!Ckab•
strut, swagger rider; p a sseng er
.,_._.1,, rafahiya: comfort, ease,
.. j, rukiid: stillness• stand-
luxury; comfortable, still, stagnatio~
luxurious life
tfo, rak~: running
._;, r a qqa ( i): to be
delicate, pleasant ~, raka a (a): to kneel
0
._;, raqq: tambourine
~1, III: to heap up, pile
up, accumulate
._;;;, raqiq: thin; delicate
(adj.); slave (n.) ~I_,... mutarakam: piled,
accumulated
...,..:;, raqaba (u): to _ watch
.§, rukn pl• .:,IS',' arkan:
".,,, III: to bet, lay a LIJJ rawa ( a) : t o t ell, r e l a t e
11 age r (with s • o • , ( J s. th . to s .o. ) , re -
tarakI J,on, tha t ••• ) port, g ive an accou n t of ;
b: to pas s on, t r ansm it
,__.1, rah in: pres e nt; p e r-
• ma ne n t ~1,, riwa ya : st ory , no ve l,
d rama ; t r ad i ti on
"' '' rauj;_: dung , manure,
e xcreme nt, d ropping s ra ib: doub t ,. suspi c ion
ri s (coll. n . ) : fe a t he rs
1:1, ra,ja (u): to be at i.rt J
ha nd, b e available
( Jfor s.o. ; ; to be rif: c oun t r yside , r ura l
~J
a r ea ; cul t i va t ed land
current; to b e in
demand
~J rlq : sa li va
c') IV : to rele a se, deliver
( o- s.o, from); to let
a lone , let rest ( ;)
c~) VIII: to rest, relax;
to be sati s fied, .:,i~; zaba in ( pl .) : c ustome r s ,
0

...,..;; , r a qI ~ pl. •I,;, ruqaba,: corner, support, prop; cl i ent s , buye rs, gues ts
censor; guard pl ea sed ( JI with s. th . )
basis, first principle (of a hot e l)
-,.1 _,. muraqaba: observation·
supervision ' ->I., ramad: ash
c,, r1J;t pl. tie., riyaJ;t: wind ....,1.,.; zujaj a : pie ce of glass ;
bo ttl e ; a g l as s, cup
.,..,, ruJ;tI: spiritual
:,., ramz pl. ;,., rumuz:
0 1 .,. muraqib: inspe ctor za ha f a \ a ) : to cra wl; to
·sign, nod, wink; hint, hi J ra9a: r es t; e a s e ,
allusion; allegory, cre e p; t o advance
.,1;, ru qad: sleep lei s ure, comfort
riddle; symbol
c,, r a uJ;t: joy; refreshme nt ...,,} VTI I: to t hr ong , be C, wi t h )
marqad: bed, couch• 1 crowded, team, s w.:irm 1::
resting place ' .;. , ramaqa ( u): to glance at
~ 1, r a 0 iJ;ta: smell zahma: cru sh , j am; thr on~ ,
.;. , ra:naq: the last breath 4->-j
LP' J raqa~a ( u ) : to dance 1 cr(H-,,d
of life, spark_ of life ' , 1 IV: to want; to mean
I::!, II: to patch (garment) ( s .o., s.th.) ,,;-; za]i.a r a \ a) : t o swe ll ,
.;,._,. marmiiq: desired ove r flo w
W.J ruqca:) sector; piece,• i J\J\ i r5d~ : will, wish
patch .;,, rama (1): to aim (JI at) ,,,} VII I: t o swa ll ow
-ti, r~ , ~d p l. .,1;,ruwwad:
r!-'" muraqqa,: patched oG, rannan: resonant, rinS- v ~si t or; e xp lorer, t.f lJj zi ra cI: a Gr icultu ru l
ing, resounding Pi onee r
,:; , raqm Pl. rli ,' arqam • ~uzar1c : f arme r ,
number • .;;,, raunaq: splendor ,_,;I, ra:g a ( u ) : to e xc e rcis e ; cult i.vr1t or
to t r a in
J, ..,_;.,:, tarnima: hymn; song J 1.i' a z.ra q: b l u~ (r..1 . s . )
raqiya (a): to reach•
to ascend ( JI to) • e1, r ri, a (u ) : to fr i c;h t e n
'-:--A>.,:, V: to become a monk
 178 179

ma s•uliya: r esponsibility SaJ 1ya pl. \..\..... sajaya :

VIII: to despise; to •IA; zuha•a: nearly natura l disposition,
make light (of), tempe r, character
t hink little (of) •'; zii.hin: shining, bri s:i: ·nI: Sem i tic
glowing l gorgeous lliant; sa•ima (a): to be bored; sa9aba (a): to drag
izdir.1>: contempt, beautiful •
disdain, scorn to be dis gusted ; to
loathe si~r: charm, ma g ic
zauj pl. c,I, ;I azwaj,
~j za,ama (u): to pretend of a pair; husband•· w~~e sabba tu): to curse s a 9q: crushing (v,n. )
mate, partner; coup'l 6 i
r-,,' j za,Im pl. •W.j zucam&:,: pair e,
le ader; colonel (mil.) sibab: curse sahna/sahana: (external)
appaanrance , loo k(s)!
.,, ; zad: food; provision subat: slumber, sleep; f a cia l expression, mien
za fra : sigh, moan
lethargy
zafir: sighing, moaning; ;,;1 IX: to turn away ( .-~
from) s ukriya : ridicule,
exhaling , ex;,iration saba~a \a): to swim scorn, mockery
zuqaq pl . .i°;I aziqqa: _;I.; z8:,ir: visitor, (5uest, sub~a: rosary s akir: mockine ; mocker
3lley caller
u sbu , pl, e,,,1...1 asabI ' : sakita (a): to be angr y
zukima: to have a cold JI,; zawal: cessation, disap- week at, displeased; to
pearance; extinction resent (~ s.th.)
zukam: cold . I IV: to grant, be s tow
Jll; za,il: mortal (n.); IV: to anger, enrage;
zakiy: pleasant, good, passing (adj.) t_l,...1 isbag: b estowal to embitter, di s content
sweet, pure
._,1; zawiya pl.1,,1,; zawaya: sabaqa ( i/u): to be, sutt: anEer, dis-
zamjara: t o roar,sbout corner come, go, get, before pleasure
zumra: group or ahead s,o. or s,th,,
~; ziyy: form; fashion precede saki~: displeased
J.,. j
zamil pl. •)I.; zumala,. -=-,,; zait pl. -=- ,.; zuyut: oil IV: to close, shut; sutf: non sense ; weak-
colleague; associate, •
to lower; to let ~all ness; stupidity
companion c1) IV: to remove, take
away
zaman: time sabil: way, path sakafa: folly, silly
.,, ; zada ( 1): to increase; thing to do
zamin: time
to become greater sabila (coll. n.):
pedestrians sadda (u): to stop;
muzmin, Old; chronic ~; zir: large jar to f ill up
satara (u/i)! to cover,
zand: forearm veil II: to aim, gu i de
U..; zaif: forgery
zahada (a): to de ~;. muzayyaf: forged sutra: jacket masdud: blocked, sto pped
o.s. (_,;of)• Prive

.a;
nounce Y , to re-
• abandon (s.th,) -
Ul!j II: to adorn, decorate masj_id pl. ~L-
masaj id: mosque
musaddas: revolver;
hexago n
II: to caus embellish
nounce• e to re-
dislik; ~o _arouse a ~j zina: beauty, ornament II: to register IV: to let down, drop,
</ in s .th.) lowe r ( s.th. on ) ;
V: to dept-ive o Sijill: re g ister, docu- to fall down
,B. Of ment
(u- )
Zahaga (a)• sidl pl. J,-'- sudul:
· to Perish S,'lj In: prisoner curtains
Zaha (u)• J•L.., VI: to ask•
bt-ightly,• to Shine to inquire sajjan: jailer s3U3ja : innocunce;
glow, gl ~am ( u" about)•
simplic ity
JI;_ su,;;:1
pl, J:...I as•ila:
question
 180 181 '11G
s all.a j pl. c: .L su£1.!iaj: .s r- s a ra ( i): to spread, a saga: murmuring tl- salt: skinning
plain, simple; prim- to penetrate ( cj s,th,) !oJnd, singing
itive; artless, naive .6L II: to impose, inflict,
sarra (u): to please;
.,h- s?-tr Pl. ,,-6_
line; row
su~iir: saqa~a (u): to fall; to give power ( Js over J
r- to fall down
to be :;lad s a laf pl. u)LI asliif:
ul-
.;- sirr: sec r et
e-k.. sa~a<a (a): to gleam
J.i-
saqf: ceiling, roof predece ssor; ancestor
, ,h... satcwa: influence; raid saqii (i): to water uJL salif: preceding, fore-
sirriya : secrecy; assault ' J- bear
secretivene ss ; secret
..,,,.,__ sa< Id p1:1-L.o.... su<adii,, 1 VIII: ·to draw, take, ,JL III: to keep peace with
sarir : be d; cradle; J--- ob ta in; to ask for
happy, lucky · water
throne ,.i-1 IV: to deliver; to
_..L sa<id pl, ..u.1,- sawii'id• saqiya pl, _;I>- sawaqin: surrender; to hand over
sarr: gladdening , a rm ·
delightful, cheering water-wheel; irrigation VIII: to receive, ge t,
canal obtaini to take over
masrllr: happy, content,
,.._ si<r pl. ,L....1 as ,iir:
pleased price IV: to silence, calm; (s.th.J
.,LI
to suppress X: to submit (Jto)
sir b pl...,_ 1_,..I asrab: u......l IV: to h e lp; to give
swarm , drove; group;
first aid sakran: drunk
squadron .,rll..1 islamI: Islamic
u...... sa<af (pl.): branches sikkir: drunkard,
II: to dismiss, free of palm-tree heavy drinker rX.....' istislam: submission;
surrender
VII: to go along a,._ su<la: cough
;_ muskir: intoxicating ,,_JL salim: safe
(ea sily) liquor
._,..... sa<a (a): to head, be
masrat,.: theatre; s tage he a ded (._,.11 for); to sukkar: sugar ).., V: to be amused, enter-
strive, aspire ( J or JI tained; to forget; to
masr at,. iya: play, drama to or for); to atteml't, console o.s.; to seek
make an effort ( J to); ..a.. sakana: quiet; quies- distraction (~ ,
cence from s.th, in)
sarada (u): to tell; to to persue, chase ( •I JJ
carry on, continue Cs.th,) s.th.) sukun: quiet, still- ;,,.J...; tasliya: entertainment
sarcana: as soon as, ..,...... mas,an pl. tL. masa<in: ness; calm, tranquility;
no sooner than effort silence • samm pl• r ,._ sumum:
maskan pl. .}L. masiikin:
r- poison, venom
musriJ,l.: hurrying ..,.._.__ sagab: hunger, starvation dwellin~ , abode; house; (- s amij: ugly, horrid,
~~:(to exaggerate, over- uli..1 isfiil': triviality; residence, home, domicile disgusting
</ s,th.); to spend decline (fig.) .§L
wastefully; to be sakin: inhabitant, L III: to for give ; to
i minode rate ( J in) dweller t reat with indulgence
4

c:.i... safat,_a (a): to shed C:

uil>-1 (..,_ in the ma tter of)
israf: exaggeration• ,i-l IV: to shine, glow; to salaba (u): to rob,
spending wastefull , plunder • II: to nail, fast en with
extragance Y, uncover, reveal ,- n3.ils
uslUb: method, way;
musrif: wasteful ;t_ musafir: traveler; style
passenger ,-I asma r (m. s,), •I,- sa;nra'
excessive ' (f,s,): brown ; t awny
J;..i asfal: bottom
musallaJ,l.: armed
sari q : thief
;_,... sumra: brownish color
J;L Safil: mean, vile, loW SUl~J,l.fah pl, ....._,,_)l,_
salaJ,l.if: tortoise ,'-- mism.:ir p l. .,,,.L- mns;imir:
nai l
t.l.. salaka (a/,; ): t o skin,
flay; to pass
WWW

182 183

t"- II: to recite s~ha r: sle e plessness, V: to cling to

vigilance ( over) ' rrr: to be worth; to be
r:--- snmc pl. t:\......l a sma c: equal; to equ a lize .,..: sibr pl. ,L:1 asbar: spa n
he a ring ; ear sahran: wakeful, watchful
musawah: equality e,-:' IV: to sa tisfy
.____ sum< a : reputation, sahm pl, .,.....,1 ashum:
name share; arrow r:,-:- musba': saturated , full
,J ,._. mu s ta wan: level
t-L Sarni<: listene r, IV: to wrong, do harm ,l- sara ( i): to go, walk; d,.;.;I VIII: to be mixed; to
hearer, a uditor t o behave be entangled ( t:' with);
masawi• (pl.): defects to be intricate
Jl....1 a smal (pl.): rags
,,,. sa ir: thong
sa~a: field, courtyard• di'.;.., §ubbak pl. d,,L:
,:,,,..- s nmin: fat ( a dj.) arena ; (open) spa ce ' sira : conduct, be- ~ababik: window
,- sumuw: highness, ha vior; biogra.phy
I ;{: to be or become black .,1.; III: to resemble ( s .o.,
exaltedness; height ,,i;._ sayyara: car, automobile . s.th.)
aswad (m.s.): black
~1...- sa:uii': sky, heaven ~ibh pl. ,1.,.;1 a§bah:
,I,-: tasyar: walk; going similar, like; resem-
sayzid pl. • JL s ada/ JLI
; ,t..... s am:iwi: he a v e nly, asyad: master, ruler• · blance, similarity
sky-like ; ),,,.. sai tara: control ( c.i-
Mr., Sir ' over); decisive in- ta§bih: comp3rison
u ,'-- S inun ( pl. ) : years surI: Syrian fluence ( c.i- on)
.._L ta§abbuh: imitation
.:,- s a nna (u): ·to en act sasa: politicians, ci,.. saif pl.J,,,... suyuf:
(law); to ha ppen diplomats, statesmen sword c;.,\;.;I o.stat (pl.): varieti es;
scattered fra gment s
.:,- sinn: age (of a person); t_l. saga ( u): to be easy and ,,IS,... sigara: cigarette ( .:,- of)
tooth agreeable to swallow; to
be allowed; to permit, JL s:a1a ( i): to flow, leak §at It pl. :. §atta:
L sunna : law; behavior accept; to tolerat~, various, different,
ha bitual pr actice• ' put up with Cs.th.) ,1.. sail pl. J ,,,_ suyiil: scattered
traditiori ' stream, flow (of s.tc.)
§at8>im:
;..LI !saga: suitability, §atima pl, •t,.;
.:..i, as - sunna: the Sunnites pleasantness, toleration J!L sa • il: 1 iquid curse, insuft
(ortho dox Muslim (of s.th,)
community) •t..:. §ita': win t er; rain
~L sa•ig: tasty, easy to
Al,.- sunbula: ear of corn swallow ......... §ajaba (u): to decla re
null and void
...:...I IV: to attribute ( JI .;L.;I VII: to be led, driven r•~ VI: to be pessimistic;
to); to base( found to fortell calamity - . §a jara pl. ,1....:1 a§jiir:
(JI s.th. On)
6
.;L saq pl. 0 1;,;... siqan: ( .:,- or..,_, from) ~ tree
leg; thigh
...._, VIII: to rely upon .:,l: sa•n pl. 0J;..,
su•iin: •r. . • . small tree ( d i.in. )
§uJa1ra .
.;,- siiq pl,._;1,-1 aswaq: importance; matter;
sanad pl• c;.,I..,;_ sanadat • market-place relation to 4$,~ ~ajaca: courage
deed, security bond; •
document; su pp~rt &L sa•iq: driver sabba (i): to grow up •. §3 j1y: melanc ho 1 1· c ( ad j• )
r
mu s t a nad: document,
proof
J;,..; tasawwu1: begging -,:1.., sabb pl • .:,L-' subban:
young (adj.); young
..,.,-'-' §al;lib: 1~,rn a nd pale
.:,_,.; §ah3Ua (a): to beg ; to
JlL sa•il: beggar man, youth
V: to climb up provoke
.s,- II: to level, flatten, -,.l,..: sabab: youth, you ·ths
,.....,_ mu s ba b: detailed
r
smooth down; to adjust,
A complete; to make
 184 185

.i~ !la1;t1;tad: beggar mullarrad: fu g itive• -

. ~u,a' p 1 • ~ I a §i«a: .i.:. mal!aqqa: trouble, d if-
wanderer; neglected,• tt,....; raY' beam; spoke ficulty, l abor, hard sh ip
!la l;tm: lard, fat refugee
V· to branch out; to ,._:I allqa!: (m .s. )/ •1;..:
,.;...:, !lat.Ir: snore; snort llir~ima: small grou .,.......:- b; subdivided l!a qra' (f.s,): blond,
gang; little band P, fair-haired; reddish
'-~ !l n]s.~ pl. _,,WI a!ll,ta~: . ~a,bI: populist,
person; character; llur~I: policeman .,,,- national, popular .;-:- 1laqiya (a ) : to be
imag e miserable
1l a ra ' a (a): to go ( . .:.,...: sa ' i.t.a (a): to be
!lrrksiya: character; into); to begin, sta~t
pe r sonality dishevelled ·~ §3qa>: mis e ry
( iJ or..,, with; with foll
c,a-L: !lakis: distinct; imperf,: to do s,th,), • _,,.,:. !la , ara (u): to feel d..a !lakka (u): to doubt
f ixea. to plan; to legislate'
_,,.,:. !la ' r: hair d..a !lakk: doubt
...... !la dda (i): to make mallru<: plan, project
firm, hard, strong; to undertaking; legal ' _,,.,:. si ' r: poetry ,Ji.; llukur (pl.): t hanks
legitimate '
fasten, tie , bind ~JI
to); to pull, drag u ,t.: ,1....: !li•ar: symbol, emblem J,...:. II: to shape, fashion,
III: to be near to form, mold, orga nize
,....:.; V: to be strict; to _,.L.:.. ma!lii:Cir (pl.): feelings
be strengthened IV: to command; to jL !lakl pl. Jlt:1 a!!kal: form
overlook; to supervize _,.L.: §a, ir pl. •I_,......, §u,ara,:
• :;__, llidda : hardship• oversee ( ~ s,th.); to' poet mu!lkila pl. ._61.,. ma!lakil:
calamity ' ,nanage, direct ( .,i.s.th,) problem
1larq: east J.,...:1 IV: to inflame, ignite;
1lidq pl. ._;1 ...... 1 a!ldaq: to light, set ablaze It: !l,i ka ( u): to complain
corner of the mouth;
jawbone 1larqI: eastern, oriental J\...:.:I isti<al: burning ,.; Ji.; 1!akwa pl. ,.; ,It: !lakawa:
complaint
ma1lduh: confounded illraq: rising (of sun); •I,....: !la<wa>: ruthless (war)
perplexed ' radiance J_..; 1!alla (a): to paralyze
J-'--' s aga la (a): to divert, ( s. th. ) ; . to be paralyzed
1ludud: deviation mullriq: radiant,
anomaly, curiosify, shini-ng distract ( 0'" from)
J ,J...:. ma1!lul: paralyzed
eccentricity, idio-
syncrasy III: to share, parti- J-'--' sugl ;, l. JL....:.1 all gal:
work; job •)l.!I a1!la' (pl.): s e vered
cipate; to join ( J in) member lof the body ) ;
Hrrir pl, I ·I
a~irrar: bad. ,>-e Vil, <i..: 1lafa pl. ,Ii..:. 1lifah: remnant
VIII: to take part in lip (f.s.)
wicked; vicious, cruel Quad. IV: t o shrink
llarika: company, society from; to dislike
llarar: sparks (coll, n,) i;i..:\ IV: to pity, sympathize
1larik pl. •11".,..:. !luraka': ( ._,I.with)
llarara: Spark ;,;I..; !lama ta: malicious joy,
partner• companion malice
"'-' 1lafaqa: pity, sympathy
1lar1b pl. ~,',-.:
1lawari b: mo·u stache VIII: to buy .;Ii..:, illfaq, pity t-'-' 1!i.im ik: high
rl_..:.;1 1lira,: buying II: to be ready fo r;
in1lira~: joy, happiness 'Ii..: 1lifn': cure recovery;
healing; s a tisfaction to tuck up
lla rada (u), lla~r: a half; portion;
go ast~ay; ·t~obwander, Partition J1.! II: to ..6...:1 a!lma t (m.s. )/ • ~
distracted e split, chip; s mmt; , (f.s,): g rey-
to cut
1latra: in the direction ha i~ed, ~r izzled
or; toward
.;,;...: ~uquq (pl.): hole s ,
cuts, s p lits mu~am:n:i c: coat

J.;..:1 VIIIl t6 imply, impli-
cate; to comprise; to
wrap o.s.
.:,..: ~anna (u): to launch an
attack ( ,,J, ag~inst), to
make ( ,,1. garatanJ a
raid
~a nI<: hateful, hideous
..._,..: ~a hid.1 (a): to attend;
t o wi t ness
.uolo II I: to see, watch,
observe
~ahada: diploma• cer-
t i ficate; testi~ony
§~hid pl. J,.,..:. lluhud:
witness
II: to defllme, slander
condemn s.o.
llahr pl• ,:i--:1 al!hur/
, ,-...,! lluhur: month
tallhir: defamation
llahaga ~a/i): to l asp
llahig: sobbing sighing,•
inhalation ' tL:
~L: ~ahiq: high, lofty
owering •
llahwa: strong desire,•
appetite
oi 1,.,_, ~ahwanI.
lustful: sensuous,
greedy• covetous,
..,...: §ahiy: Pleasant
appetizing '
§aba (u)• t
to becom; g~ mix, mingle;
,L:1 IV: to 1 d
eY-haired
advise n icate; to
ta§awur:
consultation
186
.1,..: llaut;: course
rt,,,.-,
II: to fill (s O )
longin,,, cravi~g • d With
arouse lon~ing es1re,
desire (in' s.o:) raving,
llauq pl. .;t ,-:1 allwaq,
longing, desire • s abiy pl • .,,_,.,, ~ibya:
tal!wih: distortion
lliwa>: broiled or
grilled meat
ma!!wiy: g rilled, roasted
~I
lla>a (a): to wish•
to want ' , a ~Ea.: pl. <.J,1.,...,,
c.r llai, pl. •1,,..,1 al!ya,:
thing, object
' t,..:. !!aik pl. lluyul!;:
old (man); shaikh •
;...,,..: llaik.a: old woman
'JL:I illada: praise; raising
.;, th,..! !!ail,a!J pl. .:,,,1-l..,
llaya~in: satan, devil
l!a,a (i): to be spread•
to be widely known ' aown, fell; to kill
tL: 1 IV: to diffuse; to cir-
culate; to publicize
spread ' killed
...,,.:JI a!!-l!I 'a: the Shiites
01uslim sect)
ef,.,:. lluyu,I: Communist
(U" )
.,...... ~abba (u): to pour
..,._., V: to pour forth,
flow, shed
;..;1 VII: to be poured
187
mi ~ba 9-: l a mp
II: to believe • to
veri f y; t o confirm
sa ba ra (i): to be
rD pa tie n t , firm; to
V: to give (al ms )
e ndure s .th.)
~adaqa: al~ s , cha rity ( s . )
· s. a ba ga (u/i/a): to rl ye
t'""
mu~ada ga: amity ;
approval, ratifi cat ion
boy, lad
~idam: clash; colli s ion
~a biya: young girl
V: to e ncount e r; to
~a ~I~: true, correct oppo se
VI II: to a ccompany
,adan pl.•1.....,1 a~ da>:
echo
, a ~ara: desert ~I IV: to insist ( ~ on ) ;
to det e rmine ( ~ t o
~a hifa pl.! u_,_ ,u9-uf/ dos.th.)
,.d,__. , a ~a>if: leaf,
page , she et; newspaper, surra: bag , purse;
pa pe r, d a ily journal bundle, packet, pardel
,i~afI: journalist i~rar: insistence
sahin: conscious; t a srih: pe rmi s sion;
clear declaration
~aka b: shouting, ~ural!;: scre a ming
yelling , clamor; out-
cry, rag ing sara' a (a): t o strike
,adda (u): to stop,
check; to turn away saric pl. J_,.,o ¥area':
( 0" from) fallen victim to s.th.;
~adr pl.,,...., sud~r:
chest; beginning,
heading
sara fa (i): to dive rt,
:~ vert from, distract
( 0" from)
ma,~ar pl. ~j'---
ma,a dir: source VII: to depart, l eave
ta~dir: preface, ~u , uba: difficult y
for ward ,of a book)
~a <ida (a ) : t o climb
,udg: te ·nple (anat.);
earlock II: to r aise
III: to meet; to ha ppen ~a c :fd : u p l a nd
by coincidence
s a , a qa (a): to kill
~udfa: coincidenc e · {lightnin~ , etc.)
h-, phazard '
 188 189

jL.: VI: to be small, little
N"-" sa gir pl. ,1....., ;iigar:
small
jL, ~agir: servil e ,
humiliated, submissive
IV: to listen, pay
attention, lend one's
ear, heed ( JI [to) s,th.,
s .o.)
Jt.,,__. masaff (pl.): lines,
ratlk:s
C"-"' V: to look; to scrutin-
ize, examine; to leaf
(a book, etc.)
(# ¥afI);l: tin-plate
•µ ¥afra: whistle; siren
,;L, ¥afira: wh i stle; siren
;iafa,a la): to slap
._...... ;iaf,e.: slap, smack,
cuff, blow
¥afw: purity, clearness
c)l..l i;ila9: r~form, i=pr
ment; repair
cJ-,--, mu~liti: reformer
J...-. mu;iallan: place Of
prayer
,..1...; VI:to ignore, turn
deaf ear (~to)
,..._,. ¥amim: genuine ,adj,)
..::.... pmata (u): to be silent
..:.... ~amt: silence
~,..,, ~amiit: silent
..:..t.. ~amit: silent
...._ ;iamada (u): to stand
up against
..... ,... ~ausaca pl. 1':"1,...
;iawami <: hermit's cell
.;,-w sunduq pl. ..;,,.1t..... ;ianad!q:
Eiox
e-"' sana•a (a): to make;
to do
usiba pl· ..,.._:L....... ( u")
ove. !asi>ib: misfortune,
c a lamity, di s aster
da,ala• smallness; small
saut pl,..:-1_,..,I a~wat: number'
voice; vote
J,,:..; ga,Il: small, li t tle
IV: to listen ( JI to)
11
Ct,,I
J.,.;, gabata (i/u): to grasp,
II: to describe, por- seize; t o keep, hold,
,~ tray; to draw, paint retain; to ha ve (s.th.)
under control, have
, ~iira: portrait; image command over; to restrain,
1 hold back
- t a swir: drawing , paint-
,,,,,_ ing; description, rep- .b.,L; dsb it pl. ..bl,.; gubba~:
re s entation officer
da j ja (i): to be noisy;
,,-,,, tasawwur: fancy, idea,
fantasy; imag ination to cl3mor
;..,... musawwir: describing ; gaj ij: cl«mor
1
photographer
VIII: to lie down
ti.., ~aga (u): to shape;
ma dja ' : couch, bed ;
to create place (to sleep)
.;1,., ~iyaga: shaping;
dahika (a): to laugh
:nakine; {.;. at)
u ,_,, ~iif: wool
~I IV: to make (s.o.) laugh

•Ii.., ¥a r a,: charity, purity; ~ I VIII: to pretend, assume

J,_,, ~ufI: mystic; Sufi gatilca: laugh
honesty, sincerity falsely u;.,,... muta?awwif: mystic gu\lan: early forenoon
µ ~aqr: hawk
;ianI•: action, doing; Cl., ~a9a ( i): to shout at da hfya pl. l,W ga~aya:
mi¥qa,: eloquent; act; tool ViCtim; s acrifice;
loud-voiced ,~I VIII: to hunt; to fish sacrificing
e-1- mu~~ana•: artificial
J_,;....... masqul: polished ,t;_., ¥ayyad: hunter; fisher- datm: great, tremendous;
sanam pl. ,1....,1 a~nam: man big , bulky
-,)L, ;ialaba: firmn -~ ss idol
.:\.,_. ma ~a,id (pl.): snares didd pl• JI ~I agdad:
cJ.., ¥alu);la (u): to be ..., ;iah: Hush: psst! guietl an opposite, contra~t;
good; to fit ,__ ma~Ir: fate, destiny; word with two opposite
..,,_,.., II: to aim at developmen t , progress mza nings; adversary,
cJk.-1 VIII: to a ,~ree ( .,i.on) (e.g., of work) opponent; antidote; a nt i-
..,,t..1 IV: to hit, strike; to ( in coumpounds)
C:)L, balati: improve:nent attain, .e:et, gain; d U..,, ~aif: summer
~tterment; rightn;ss• (pass.; to be afflicte ' 9-idda: a ga inst
piety • striken, attacked ¼-., ~InIJa pl. 0 1~
\lawan in: tray ,nutadadd: cont ra ry,
W- ma~la ~a pl, c,Jt..._. ..,,_,.., !laub: direction opposite
~a~ali);l: interest;
epartment, administration ..,_1_,.., ;iawab: right, proper,
correct; rightness

;i,..,1 '!III: to be compelled
;.;, ~urr: harm, d ·1mage ,
impa irment; loss
;JJ> q.arar: harm, damage
,,,_,.. q.arura: n ::cessity;
need
..,_ ,k;,1 VIII: to move about,
bustle; to sway, waver;
to be excited, confused
.,,, JJ> darlba pl • ..__:\ JJ>
~ara•ib: tax
c,- , ~ ·,uta<}arib: contra-
dictory
c, darI1;1 pl .... JJ>I aq.ril;la:
tomb
er JJ> dirs pl. v-1 ,..1 a9ras:
tooth 'molar)
t~ (fara•a (a): to beseech
t:;..., V: to implore, beg
( ..,1 1 8 .o.); to humiliate
o . s. (.,11 before)
r.,b.;,1 VIII: to be burning•
to flare, blaze
t}.ucf: weakness
._;T'Y 9acif: weak
wl,, III: to double
..;1..., 9afin: abundant, ample
copious; detailed
elaborte, extensi;e
&;. II: to perfume rub
(..,_ s.th. with)'
J I... 9imad: bandage
<Jamir: conscience
...., 9arnina ( )
a: to guarantee
.,.1...; tag.iimun: solid i
mutual arty
responsibility
190
~anna(a/i): to kee
back { to wi t:hhold .,,Jo
fromJ, b eBrudge (..,i. 8
f print e d
..,..a.th.) ,o,
IV: to weaken, tire
exhaust; to sap; to'
consume (disease)
dau• pl, •1.,...1 adwa,,
light • •
VII: to be included
g.ara (i): to impair
the .v alue; to hurt
harm ' · ~eople ) , str~tum
ti.. Q.a•a (1): to be lost;
to disappear
II: to lose, waste
da•ic: lost• poor,
miserable '
..;1...,1
IV: to receive, take in
!drest, be host to;
9-aqa ( i): to be, become
narrow or straitenedi
' to find unbearable,
become uneasy about (..,, );
not to be able to stand
(c,-s,th,)
..;.. • 9-ayyiq: narrow
( .b )
•
Quad, I: to bow, incline
tawula (It. tavola):
table
tab!b pl. •0,1 atibbii•:
Physician, doctor
tabaka (u/a): to cook
matbak: kitchen
tabaca (a): to stamp,
imprint, impress(.;,-
a.th, on)
191
1 VI I, to be impressed, J), tarq: knocking ( v .n. )
J.), tariq: road, way
...,,.h t ab ic a ., physics; nature
,--.1 ta•m: tas t e
.,..,1, ra bI q~.. natural
rlAb ta•am pl. .....bl at;•i ma:
.,U, t iibi,: impression, im- food
c print, mark, stamp;
character ,....L mat;.am pl. !"'IL.
ma~a•im: resta.urant
.;.,11 IV : to close, shut; to
cove r, cover up; to .,...1 ~aga (a): to dominate;
surround ( ._,p s ,o.) t o overflow
iiJ, taba qa : class ( of .,...11 IV: to cause to be
tyrannical, cruel
ylb t agiya pl, t;u gah:
.;,\1 tabaq: story, floor ;W,
tyrant
J,,h; t a tbiqI: practical,
applied u,,il, tafif: slight, small,
trivial
i), tara•a (a): to occur
(._,J,.tos,o.)
0
li.h;I VII: to be extinguished
tari~: stranger; Ji!, t;afiqa sa): with a
unexpe cted, accidental following imperfect: to
be gin, set out to dos.th.
.,__,bl IV: to delight, enchant
JU, ~ifl pl. J\il,1 at;fal: baby
c,b;I VI.I: to be thrown; to
throw o.s, .J _,;.h t;u f iila: childhood
..._,;i, ~arral;la:mattress, J,b talla ( u ) : to emerge,
appear, show
cushioned seat
J_,b }arada ,u): to expel, J.bl IV: to look down(._,!,-
oanish upon), tower (._,1,- above),
over look ( s. th. ) ;
,,.,b. ma~rud: expelled to over-top(~ s.th.)
;)c_. mutarraz: garnished ._,,JJ, talaba (u): to s eek,
( c,- with s • th. ) ; s aa r ch; to ask
embroidered
._,,Jib t;alib pl, ._,,)U. rullab/
u .,b tarf: look, £,lance µi, talaba: student
u .,b taraf: side V: to look; to a im
ul_,bt atraf (pl.): sides; _,,, VIII: to know (~ s.th.);
c:- to be well informed
ends, borders
(._,J,. about)
.S.,bl IV: to bend down; to
t a ll ca: front row, fore-
look towards the ground; i os t rank, vanguard
to bow one's head in
Silence
 193
192
4 <abaJ;.: pl ay ; pastime,
mutala<a: reading, IV: to obey amu sement; mocke r y
perusal
elegent; beautiful t,.,. <abaJ;.an: in vain
mu~~ali<: informed
X: to be able, be capable farif:
(a): to gain, <abada (u): to worship
tayyic: obedient b ,~ zafira to conquer ( .,-
II: to divorce missive • su - r catchl <abd pl. .,,,,. cab! d:
IV: to· free; to uU,
s. th• J slave
emancipate tafa (u): to go round•
to ramble; to overflo~ zufr pl· J\;J:,I 4,,J,.. '!lbiidiya: s l avery
.;.l),.;1 VII: to go off; to ring ( ~, )i to appear f1 i:ingernail
(-.,. to SD.) . >"' II: to express
out, burst out; to be zafar: vicbory
free; to rush (._,Jlto)
t;a •ifa: sect, community;
group
f1
• (a): to remain
.,,.., VIII: to le arn~ r
mu~laq: general; Jl, falla lesson; to cons1de
absolute shadow, shade <abra: on the other
ta•ifI: sectarian; Jl, fill:
ta}.a (i): to paint, denominational, factional side; through
zilal (pl.): shades,
~aub (-.,. a.th. with); ,;lbl IV: to tolerate; to
J)U;
shadows cabir: scent, perfume,
to coat, overlay, bear, endure fra grance
plate
plil: shady
c,lh;I VII: to be deceived
.:;U, t;aqa: ability <a bra: t ea r
(~by a.th.) fala<a ( a): to limp <ibra pl. >"' <ibar:
JU,\ IV: to lengthen
IV: to f, rOW dark 1~sson, e xa~ple,
~la•: coatill{5, 6Uamel admonition; ~o ral
J,k ~iil: length
.:,I.bl Quad. IV: to have muzlim: dark, wsky, e ex-
.J,,b tilata: (prep.) during, gloomy cibara: sent:~~e'
confidence ( _,JI in); throughout pression, ph
to be quiet, secure, zanna . (a): to thinl< •
safe . - . conside ration
VII: to be.folded;_to suppose J.\.;,I
ict1bar.
~uma:,nina: s ~curity; contain, embrace, in- - . rowning , scow-
clude (~ s. th.); to) . ~un~n: cabis. f morose;
quiet, calm, peace
go by, elapse (time ~ann P.1 • y . opinion,
suppos1.tic:m, ling ; B10
austere,
~~!;n,
severe
.:,\..W,I itmi•nan: security; •\~\
view, belief
quiet intiwa•: introversion;
withdrawal c:abqa r1: g e nius
~ahr: back
ramasa (u/i): to efface, mazahir: old; emancipated
~Ib: goodness; flavor; catiq:
obliterate perfu111e ma~har pl.1iavior;·
conduct, be enon· ,atma : darkness
ti.bl arma< (pl.): covetous- }ayyib: good; pleasant; aspe c t·, phenom •
) ppearance
ness, greed; am~itions 1'asty; healthy (external a -t. n. violen t ,. exor-
, a 1 . . roud
~ahira: phenomenon bitant, P
matma< pl. l'"U..... VI: to be scattered
matami<: desire; covetous- V· to stum ble • trip;
ness; hope, expectation t;a•ira: airplane t~ stut te r
e be
runn pl. .;,\.;.1,1 arniin: ton mutat;ayir: scattered IV: to ptea!t S
, _, a c:ba:,: plea sed -,,
II: to mislead; to fling ta~a (i): to be light- <ib• pl. ...,... wonde r, mira cle
headed; to be frivolous load, burden ucjUba:
raur pl. ,',kl atwar: n) cioak
manner, state; develop- ~aif: phantom; image· caba•a: (wolle ·, ·ab: wonder, sur-
ment vision ' 1 J dmiration
to abuse, prise; a
<abiJ;.a (a ) : th,); to
tarawwur: development t;In: earth, dust; mud; violate ( .,- 5
·). to toY
plaster ; mna ir ( 5 • th • '
 194 195>

mu•jab: astonished pride; glory,

•r ciz za: might
..s~I VIII: to ac J,,1,, nr: to oppose
geously b t 0 utra- honor;
•ajaza (i): to be in- a gainst · ~utally (.,J. VI: to clash with one d~ar; rare
:,,r •aziz:
capable ( v" of) 0 J, ,1,.;
horrible' action
. commit
( a
unable to • another
•adw: runninf, against ) VIII: to oppose, protest Jr •azafa (i): to play
•ajiz: unable; defi- (music)
cien t ; weak
•adiiw p 1 • •1...i a•d- •arI~: wide, extensive, •uzla: seclusion,
enemy a. •:
vast
ilr retirement
III: to hurry, hasten
•adawa: enmity
V: to hurry •arI~a: petition Jl_;:;,.I i•tizal: withdrawa l,
'l.i:..I retirement
•ajal: hurry, haste i•tida>: atta mu•ara~a: opposition
assault;
.raid•• out rage ck, isola t ed,
isti•ra~: review, pa rade J;:;.,,. mu•tazal:
withdrawn
:~~!i~:h~~~~iage; mu •din· ·
contagio~~fectious, V: to be acquainted r?' VIII: to decide
rusta•jil: hurried ( ..,- or JI with), meet
n a hurry • II: to torment (..,- s .o.) ""r •azma: decision, deter-
t > punish • afflict; mina tion, r esolution
•ajam• p VIII: to confess, admit;
forei gne~~sians; V: to suffer• to recognize; to concede ""'r •azima pl. rJ'r •aza i m:
0

punished • to be · s t rength, determination

•ajana (t/u)•• t 0 knead carif: monitor; ser-
•all,,ab: suff erin . geant r)~ cazim: firm, resolu ~e
•adda (u) • t ment; punishmen~• tor-
reckon• t~ 0 count, ma•arif (pl.): acquaint- caz8,: comfort, conso-
• consider •Ir
ta•ll,,Tb
to ti : torturin~ ances; knowledge l a tion, solace; com-
IV: to prepare r ure, persecution posure, equanimi ty
macrtif: known, famous;
•adad: number isti •ll,,ab: f good deed _,,.s- •usr: difficulty
pleasant, ae;reeable
inding
adasa: lens
mu•ali9.ab: .
.,; ,. •irq pl. .,;,,. curuq:
vein; root; race
0_,.,; taiassu.f: dogmatism;
oppression
•adala (i). tortured, m_iserable;
( JI to) • to turn persecuted (n.)
•all,,ara (i) ·
.,; ,. •araq: sweat, ~erspir-
ation; arrack (a strong
,._;.::...... muta<assif: dogmatic;
despotic
J ... •adl: justice ( pardon : to excuse, colorless liquor made
just (adj.) n.); of raisins) J,-.. ma•sul: honeyed
•adil: just •arabI: Arabic; Arab II: to nest, make a
._;l_,..JI al-•iraq: Iraq
'araba • ( ra i lroad) car, nest
mu•addal: average coach•· •iraqI: Iraqi
carriage, vehicle J'r •? •i~ra : companionship
mu•tadil: t II• t d },.;
VI: to fight, struggle
moderate s raip;ht; to. st o turn ( ,J. to)· •1,-,.. •u~arci' (pl.): com-
op over [ J; in: at ) ma•arik (pl,): battles, panions
d ,l...
•adam: absence•, no n- .. • a•raj: lame l limping campaigns
•a~Iq: be lov ed, sweet-
ma•dum: non . earls: •irak: quarrel, fight he art
want in ~· -existent, bridegroom
~. missing , lost II: to lay bare, undress
•ada (u): to run to Occur 1c:
•arada (. )
to widen;
counter (Jto); to en- ,arin pl. ,1
r •urah:
..,-- •a~ab pl. ..,-1-.1 a•~ab:
nerve
V: to transc d trans- (~w, exhib~,th.); to nude
gress• to en,
t k S,th t t, display •uryan pl. ¼Ir •araya:
J· pass (s,thex:eed, sur- a e up ·d O s.o,); to ca ~ablya: nervousness
s? attack .), to assail
, a ssault '
' eal ( Jwith) nude, naked, b9re
 196 197

..,_......._. muta •assib: fanatic, •atifI: emotio i•lan: adve rt i secent

e nt husia st, zealot , aqada (i): t o hol d , 0Y~I
sentimental na1; ad ; notice , an nounce ~
c onvene , s ummon, ca ll
( a sess ion, me eting ); ment
•asa ra (i): to squeeze •::i~ifa pl, illl,; • a -
out to co nclu~e ( a contra c t )
affection feel1n/atif: •ul uw : he i ght , a l titude ;
sentimenti sympathy VII: to b e h : ld; to ~r e atness , g r a ndeur
•as r pl. ,,- •u~iir: ,:;_..;I sub l im i ty '
aee , e poch; generation; be co ntra cted
l a te afternoon mun• a ~af: bend i
road , t urning n a '-'~ , a l a wI: uppe r , e l eV3.t cd
a ll e y• narrow sptoint; _,;;,I VI II: t ., b e lieve
•u~ara : extract, juice reet
mu • a q qad: complic ate d; r' • amm : ( pa t e rna l ) uncl e
mu• a~ ir: contemporary V: to b e left
to be or beco workless; kno t t ed i mma : t urb'l n
,,;.,.,. ' U~fu~ pl, _,,;t... pended; to s t ~; sus-
ma• qii f : b e nt, booked
' a ~a flr: bird .. 1.. 'imama pl. r-,:1.. ama, im :
• a ~Iya: g ift t urba n
' a ~ima pl. ,,.
VI II: t o a r res t
' a wa~ i m: caphal (city) •a~uma (u): to be •aq l p l. J_,:.,. 'uqul: ;~ , amm: ge ne r a l, pub l i c
grea t, important
mind, in te ll e ct
ca~an pl . ..,,as- cus!y• -'-"'' VIII: to r e l y upon
s tick, c ane ·· • · •i~im (pl,): bones
fa. , ak ir: turbid
6-J.$ cumda : head of a
X: to be difficult •a~ma: bone v il la ce ; ma yor; ba s ic
hard
( ,. ,· to r es i st, o ppose
, ;fu ' Ukka z: cru t ch; s t a ff, is s ue ; s u pport
..,... s.o., s.th.J ca~Im pl. • ~ cuzama,. st ick
great; important • .
.1. •illa pl. Jlo ,na l: r cama r a (u/ i ) : t o be
' a ~ga (a): to bite f illed ; to be inha bited
mu~fa m: the greater ca u se ; i llnes s, de f e ct
'agga : bite par1, of ..,,.s, cu:nr pl . .JW.I a cm.Br :
t a cilla : exc us e ; l i f e , du ra t ion o f l ife;
•agud: upper ta•affuf: chastity jus ti f icat ion a f; e (of a pe r so n )
strength arm;
m~deS t y; restraint!
s rinking ( from~ cu lba : box, case ; can, .Jl-.,..;._I i sticm8r: i :n 9e r ial i sm ;
' agala Pl. -it: mus cle tin co lo niza tion
vii- •afif: chasteness
•ugw pl. '1....1 _ II: r.o comme n t ; to
membe r ac9a 3: _;....; V: to go d.eep l y
'afi (u): to free, make not e s, r emark s ( J into )
cug.wI: ol:'ganic e(xcuse; to forgive
~s.o.) V: to be r e l at ed, be long , camiq : deep , pr o f ound ,
'Ut· ur ( pl • ) : perfumes pe rt a in (..,. t o ); 1, 0 be
<afw: clearness conne ct ed , h ave t o d o cama lI: pra c ti c a l;
purity; pardon' (..,. wi th ); to c ling (..,.. to ) app li ed
' a t, ~iin : ~·h:t :rsty
VII: t o Ii 'afiya: health ' a l aqa : r e l at ions hi p J.~ cami l pl. J..l,s, caw3:ni l:
bent ; t o :u!~clined , fa ct or , ~ot ive , e l eme n t
•uqb Pl ..... a •qab• t a cliq : comme nt a r y
ca t f• s h eel · · .,,-. , a~ i ya (a): to be or
With ) Y11Pa thy ( c,!. mu , a llaq: a tt a ched become b l i nd
at t achm~~~ection, •aqaba: ob ~tacle
fo r); b~nd! liking (c,!. 'ala m: world ,y, , anna ( i /u ): to oc c ur;
~tion - ing , inclin- 'iqib : punishment to appear by cha nce
ca 1 nm I : int erna tional;
t a• a1'ur•
af f ecti~nmutua1 :aq!ba pl. ...,.,1,.
awaqi b : result,
universa l

cons e quence t a 'lim pl. f"'il.,.; ta,a lim: canid : stubborn

t eaching ( n.)
d:,:,.t- canzo. : c oat
cala nI: o pen, pu blic
 <unsur pl. _,.,1.;. , anasir:
element; origin; race
'Unf: sternness, rigor,
severity; violence,
fierceness
198

<auda: return
mu,tad: accustomed
used to •

VIII: to befall· t 0
vi , a in pl,
eye

cu
0 ~ ,uyun:
199

;; gar~za (i ) : t o prick;
to thrus t , r am , pu sh
jab

garad pl, J,I j.l agrad :

object; purpo se,
design
' ii
overcome '
canif: harsh, severe, ,,,; gaba ra: dust
fierce gariqa ( a ): to sink;
musta<ar: borrowed• to drown
false, artificial' N gubar: dust
<unq pl. .;1...1 a<naq:
neck X: to t ake up, engage
;r! IV: to need .i,,; gib~a: joy, happiness
fully
<unwan: title; address II: to conpensate ,j ;;a bly pl. •VI agbiya':
indemnify ' f oolish, stupid, r' j ~a r am: love
'ana (i): to concern
~ntere s t, affect; to' J1,...1 i<wa~: wailing,
i gno ra nt .,,., i gra!': incitement;
sedu ction
intend, mean weeping, crying out gabawa: ignorance,
foolishness, stupidity gazir: abundant
III: to undergo, suffer; 'a'il: provider for
to take pains a large family• needy III: to leave, go away V: to flirt; to
'ana': difficulty, destitute, indigent ' expre s s love
,~ gadr: treachery,
trouble, hardship ' am: year perfidy I_;. ga za (u): to invade;
<inaya: attention, care to conquer, overcome
.:, ,L.. VI: to cooperate; to ,1:;. gaddar: treacherous
ma'!!an pl. .:,L.. help one another gasa.q: dusk
ma<anin: meaning gad: tomorrow; future
.:,l...:..1 X: to seek help; to •I..!, gi~a, pl, ~I ag~iya :
mu,anah: taking the resort, have recourse; •I~ gada,: lunch cover
trouble; · experiencing to make use (':- of s.th,)
1.S~ II: to feed, nourish; gassa (a): to be j ammed,
'ahd: eµoch; treaty 'aha: deformity, to provide, supply packed (':'with)
physical defect; illness (..,_with)
ma<had pl, .al.. ma , ahid: gu,,a pl. g~,a,:
institute <awa (i): to howl ,,j gurur: conceit; agony, torment, dis-
delusion tress; choking s ound,
<ajI: ivory i<ya,: fatigue, suppres sed moan
weariness • ,' j girara pl. _,ii; gara, ir:
'auja,: twisted bent, sack, large bag ..,,...,., VIII: to exto r t;
crooked (f.s,) ' <aba (i): to condemn; to force
to dishonor, disgrace ,,,;.. ~agrur: conceited;
mu , wajj: crooked deceived ga<j.ab: an~er

II: to accustom s .o.

'Sib pl, ':-
defect; shame
<uyub:
'-,-j garaba (u): to go away, .,..., IV: to close the eyes
to)
depart, withdraw ( if ( .:,>
III: to return to; to <aija (i): to live, from)
recur exist ga~I~: snore
..,_~, X: to find strange,
IV: to repeat,· t O <Ifa: life odd; to wonder at; ga~rasa : pride
back give to disapprove gita': cover, wra pping ,
ma,aij: salary; en'.,elope; lid
,1,,1
VI I I: to get accustomed to livelihood '-,-J(JI) (al-)garb: (the) \./eS t
...,.,_ j garib: strange; stranger j,afla: ne r,li ge nce;
'ud pl. . 1....,. ,Id- II: to appoint, assign; i ndiff erence; inattention,
stick, rod •an: to nominate
h brs h ' pole, wood•
nc ; type of lute • ..,..ii.,;. gara>ib (pl.): odd things nc r;lect
 200 201

Jii.l igfal: neglect, dis- ....i.l

u-
IV : to close• shut ,1. gara (a): to be jealous ;1.; fatah: g irl, young
regard; omission, (one's eyes) woman
skipping ;,.. II: to change, alter
gami~: obscure futiiwa: youth, adoles-
J;I. gafil pl. ili gafala: mysterious · • cence, youthfulness;
unmindful, heedless, ,,i gayur: jealous chivalrous qualiti ~s
neglectful, unaware ~uad. I: to of a ma n
mumble mutter, •· tagyir: altering (n.),
Ii. gafa (u): to sleep ,.,,- change fijj: unripe (fruit)
igfa , a: nap, slumber, ganna,: magnificent. .b~ IV: to enrage, anger
:orgeous, lovely (r'.s.) faJ> a tan: suddenly,
catnap unexpectedly
j. galla (u): to handcuff; ganima (a): to i
plunder i;a n, mufaja>a: surprise
to produce
j_.;_,_, X: to exploit ganam: flock of sheep ;.J!i\ af:)ida (pl.): hearts V: to burst out

J,i.;.. maglul: chained II: to sing ; ),; fa :,ra: mouse ,~ fujiir: wickedness
handcuffed ' faja<a (a): to afflict
ginan': wealth di . ,_,•."1; fa,s: ax; hatchet; hoe
..,.1.., V• to overcome, conquer pensing ( o-with) s-
V: to crumble, disinte-
fahl: strong man;
~JI. galib: predominant· gina>: singing ~rate, break up into male
general ' fragme nts fahm: coal, coke,
gina,I: lyric
.b)l.l aglat (pl.): mistakes c:-\:; futa t : crumbs carbon
ugniya: song
..6,1. galI~: cruel; rude c:i fataJ;la (a): to open fa]!;is;l.: thi gh
coarse~ thick • i st igna': doing without fa]!;m: ma ~nificent,
c.o. II: to open splendid, imposing
Jil.; Quad. II: t o gayahib (pl.): intense
to enter ( . penetrate· darkness ;.,.,,1..11 al-fatiha: the opening
to set in into s.th'.); VII: to redeem; to
prayer in the Koran sacrifice o.s. for s.th.
gaba ( i): to disappear·
II: to cover• to vanish; to be absent· ' fatara (u): to cool off; fida:,I: martyr; one who
in an envelope put t(o hide, be concealed to subside; to languish sacrifices himself
o- from) (for s. th.)
gilaf: covering• -.; ,>4 fatra: period, i nterval,
envelope • X: to ask for the help pause f a s;l.s;l.: original, unique
c- of
_gl:q: closing, locking ._,:.,; II: to searc-h ( .:,> for), j farra (i): to flee
gara: raid, attack inspect
r)l.
~~i:mspel. uW. Silman• ,i:; II: to cl,oave, slit, rip }j firar: escape, running
• rvant • ga~~ (u): to plunge away, fli ght
)I; gala (u): to exaggerate ( ,,f into); to dive ,;,,,;.; taftiq: cleavage IV: to rel ~ase, free
gala (i): to boil ,.,.,;. gau~: diving .i:;:. V: to bring forth, pro-
i::}'

duce ( .:,o s. th.); to r-,_,i; t a frij: relief

,.;. gamara (u)• t giil Pl. JI _,..I agwal: devise
- . o overflow ghoul, goblin, demon i::.,i- t~fa:ruj: inspa ction,
.:;; fatana (i): to charm, viewing ; watchin~,
gamra: throw allure observa tion
difficult • • agony; gaiba: absence
abundancey, flood;
giyab: absence; sunset -.,.; fitna pl. .:,:;; fitan: munfarij: opened;
allurement; sedition; relieved
;.L.; VI: to Wink enchantment, fascination
another at one gaibiiba: unconscious-
ness
 202 203

c} fara(l: joy, gladness farq: difference 06..i finjan pl. .:,.,,,\;; fanajin:
vrr: to be influenced;
.... .,; farJ;ia: joy, ha ppiness firqa pl. ,..; .,; fir , ~ 1 to be i mpressed cup
sect (rel,); tea!q· •\;; fana': extinction;
._,.,J} firdaus pl. ..,.,Jlj (sports); troup ( JW fa<<al: effective destruction
fara dis: paradi se theater); divisiomus(ic,
n IDil,) af<an (f •) pl· t\; 1 •\;; fina,: courtyard;
..,._,;; V: to ga ze ( ,j at); to
fazi'a (a): to take .,.-i 1 nfa<in: adder, viper, asp
r ega r d s ea rc hingly, open space
eye , s cr utinize refuge; to flee f
help ( JI to) or fagama (a): to fill .:,\; fata (u): to miss; to
._,.,; far I sa pl. c,-!1.,; fara, is: slip away; to leave
v1c t1 m fasiJ;i: spacious, ample .,;; faqada (i): to lose; behind
to miss
JW fasad: corruption
u'} farasa ( u): to spread r-"\i; tafahum: undertaking
out pl 'TIII: to need ( JI s.th.)
fa~ila (a): to fail• .:- ,Ii; tafawut: difference,
J- 1} firas: bed; mattress to be unsuccessful, fa faqr: poverty dissimilarity, contrast;
disharmony
'-",} f arisa pl.t.)0!1 _,; fara, is, fasa (u): to spread• fawi<: bright, brilliant,
muscl e , tendon (which·· to be divul ced • vivid (color) different
-=- ,1;.;... mu ta fa.wit:
trembl es in fe ar)
f a ~Ig: clear; eloquent· II: to untie; to disjoin fotiigrafI: photo graphic
pure, good Arabic ' ,jlj,;,;
,;, .,; f a1;a1a ( i): to impose,
I. anJoin, make incumbent
(J- upon s.o.)
(language) d; fakk: jaw
& tafakkuk: ' dissociation
C:
\; faha ( u): to spread,
diffuse
fa~aga: clearness,
'-'°,.; 1 VIII: to impose upon eloquence J\; fara (u): to boil
s.o., prescribe; to mafakkak: disconnected
decree, order fu~J;ia: of purer language· ,J,; faura: boiline; ; effer-
more eloquent ' ~fe fikrI: intellectual; vescence; emotion
¼ _,; far~g.~ pl. ~ I } fara, id: rational, of thought
relig ious obli~ation • C..;; fag.aga (a): to disclose .,I; faqa ( u): to surpass.
w( ty; obli5atory pray;r or uncover s.o. 's faults, ,;,.; tafkir: thinking v overton (s.th.); to be
Islamic law) shame, disgrace su perior (to s.th.);
..,IS; fukaha: joke, jest; to outweigh
.l,'.'; jestini,, joking
, I!:_t? neglect; to c...:;;I 1lIII: to become known;
minimize to be unmarked; to be J~I IV: to awake
ashamed J_,J; fuliil (pl.): scattered
.b .,;1 IV: to exaggerate remnants (of s.th.) V: to surpass, excel,
~' ,-.;; !ug.iil: curiosity,
J,;.; overtop; to do excellent
.l,.,; farf: excess (of) inquisitiveness -:Ji falata (i): to escape i;ork

J,_.;. .:J;I IV: to escape .;~ faqa: indi <:; ence

U :~r:~a (u), fariga (a): fug.iiH: inquisitive,
. in 1sh( terminate curious
( V' s. th, J c~I IV: to be successful J,; ful: beans
.. ,
t.,, IV: to empty, VOid
'\.;; fada' • open space,
( .j in)
,~ faha (u): to utter,
vacuu~ c:j; fallat: peasant express
vacate; to pour out
CJ,s.th, over • . ) ; .,.6t ~i tra: natural disposition, .....i; falsafa: philosophy fada (i): to overflow;
to unload (s.th.1 into; instinct, temperament, Joli to· be abundant
nature .j--li falsafI: philosophical
fariig : fr pe t .
emptiness; va~!~iy 1,; faH: ,; f am: mouth
rough, rude
II: to tear e,,1i fa~Ic: horrible, horrid .} f ann pl. 0 ,;; funiin: art,
divid • sunder• to branch (of knowledge);
e; to diff ' qubt: u1:5liness
to distribut • erentiate; J.li; sort
e, to horrify VI: to interact, inter -
lJ],iv
 20 1+ 205
c,;; qabil,i: uc;ly ,.,1; qadir: able,
capable - qarlb pl. '\, J 1 aqriba>: .1...; gist pl. ..l,L.;I aqsa t •
.,;; qabr: grave, tomb JJ .u. maqdur: predestined, --,/ kinsm ,3n; near part, share , equ ity:
fat ..;d, decreed; abiiity rate '
,,;,.;; q3bada (i): to ;,1 j qaraba: r e lationship,
seize take,
u-,.i, qiddis: saint r ela t ion, kinship qasama (i): to divide·
to give s . o , ( J ) a '
tii qaba< a (a): to squat r.:;.; V• to advance .,_,t;;... mutaqarib: nearly like; share of s,th.; to
J.; II: to kiss to present ' Proceed; near to, close together; ass i gn, apportion,
narrow decree, foreordain
~I X: to face; to meet, ,-,.1; qadim: old, ancient ( ..,i.or J to s,o.)
rec eive r' _,;.;I iqtirah: proposal; ~I IV: to swear, take an
r .a. maqdam: arrival sugge stion
oath
.JI.,, qubila ta: (prep.) in
front of, opposite r.:;.; taqaddum: progress ,j gird pl. .,,;; qurud: qism: share, lot, part;
monkey, ape
..!,Ii. muqaba la: interview
.,.:;;. muqaddima: preface
department; police
introduction , vanguard
• ,_;.} qir~ (cf. ..;. j- ) : piastre station
:neeting; comparison,
'°'W qasamat (pl.): fe a tures
J,ti. muqabil: i Jjj qall.ar pl. ,'.i;I aqll.ar: -...;; qar~a: sting; pinch
opposite n front of, dirt W qasa (u): to be hard,
J,} qar9- pl.'-"', j qurud: harsh, cruel
J.,i. muq?il: approachine; qall.ir: dirty loan
com1ng; next, futur; "'\; qasin: hard, harsh
qall.ara: dirtiness -....:;_;; qarqa,a: a rattling,
rumbling J;, qag: straw
J,i:- future (adj,); qall.iirat (pl,): filth
,:,,\; III: to compare (..,..s,o., G qaMa: a straw
•t,; qaba': tunic, garm~nt qall.afa (i): to throw_, s.th. with); to unite,
shoot, reject Join forces, associate •~ qHr: peel, skin, shell,
,1:; qutar: smell lwith s,o,) crust, bark, scale (fish)
fragrance , aroma, ...;,;1;; VI: to throw back and
forth 0.,::;I VIII: to be connected, ,~ qu~iir (pl.): peels,
J:; qatala . (u): to kill associated, joined; to skins; trivi alities ,
qa4f: throwing shooting· be wed, married superficialities
~ 1 VIII: to invade reJection ' '
penetrate • 0} qarn pl. 0,} quriin: ~I VII: to be cleared;
qall.ifa pl, u•l.i; qaAa,if• horn; century to be scattered
:;; qadd: shape fi bomb " •
size • gure; 0} qirn pl. ,:.,I jl aqran: :;,...:.1 Q.uad, IV: to shudder
fellow, ma te, companion,
X: to stay, rest· to peer, equal ..,.; qissa pl. cf"4' qisas :
,,;; II: to decree. t settle, be settl~d be narrative, story,
mate; to all • o esti- fixed '
value ocate; to ~,ti. muqarana: comparison novel
qarar: decision 4<} qarya pl. ,s _;; quran: <.Pt:.; qa~~a ~: novelist
,,;; qadr: amount village
sum; degree•' quantity; :-...,_;;I uqsii sa pl. "°""'\;I
divine decr;evalue; qarara: bottom, depth
; )' taqazzuz: aversion, aqa?i?: short story
,.1; qadar: fate ..
\S ,t;
ma arr: residence
qari, pl, •lj qurra'I
disgust
r:;; qazam: dwarf, midget;
qasab: pipes; r eeds;
threads
,IA miqdar pl• w.,t;. little fellow
extent maqadT1r•. reader, reciter (of
; amount,· quantity qa?ada li): to go (JI to) ~
the Koran); reading ..,..,.:; qissis: minister, to mean (..,.. or .:,- by s. th, ;
priest
taqdir: estimation qurb: near, close ( .:,-
esteem; allocation' to); closeness, vicinitY
l
 206 20'7

qa ~d : intention; right, qa 9-Iya pl. 1,,1..;;; qad- _

strai c;ht (adj,) q3 l ansuw ~: t a ll he a d-
que s tion, matter .aya, qcl fa~ pl• u"\;:;I a qfa~: ge a r; hood , cowl; ca p
affair; problem ' 1
• awsuit
qa ttu: never, not at a11
c ag e
Jill IV: to clo s e, lock
... qi~ma p l.
pe a k
qina m:
.,,;; qs. ~ara (u): to limit, 1:; qiH: cat
r e strict( confine J;:; qufl pl. J\;:;I a qfal: qa ma•a : u g lin e s s
Cc,iss.o,J ,),; qatra: drop lock, b olt
qamI,; p l. 0 W qum~a n :
~I VIII: to limit o,s,
,11. qitar: train
;J;t; qa fil a: c a r ava n; shirt
(..,lo to) convoy
qatira: tram-car; rail- qumqum pl. ,.;1.; qa maq im:
.,,;; qa~ r: re s triction, • ,J,1; \;:; qafan : n eck , back sc e nt-vas e ; a bul gy ,
conf inement car
lo ng -ne ck e d bot t l e
J,J; qali l: few, little
qi~ar: shortness th> qata<a (a): to cut,
qinnina pl.
cross; to decide •)l;I aq illa> : (pl.): few;
0Ll
qasir: short, brief qananin : bot t l e
rfa mino rity
II: to seve r; to cut
up; to tear a~art; to qanun: l -3.W, s tat ut e
taq~Ir: neglect, ne g li-
gen7e1 inability; scan (a verse) Ji..- mustaq ill: inde pe nde n t;
sepera te, distinct qa nunI: l ega l, l a wfu l
deficie ncy, shortcoming
II I : to interrupt; to ..,_}; II: t o turn ove r;
qa~a fa (i): to roar, boycott qun9ul a pl• J.,t.:;
thunder; to bomb, to change qa na bil: bomb
bombard VII: to be cut, inter-
rupted, sto pped
..,_k V: to change, b e qi ndil p l. J..~Ll qa nri dil:
maq~iif: broken cha n~ed; to be r e versed ; l a mp , chandelie r
to live ( J in)
""'I IV: to remove; to exile
drive away (.:,, s .o. •
VIII: to take out a
part ( u- froni)J to cut ~.li;I VII: to be ch a nged ,
reve rsed; to be turned
qa ni' a (a) : to be c o n te nt
with
from); t o drag away qi~a, (pl.): pieces;
( v' f rom) IV: to persu a de
units; sectors ..,_1; qalb pl. ..,_ ,.t; qulub: ~I

V: to investigate heart VII I : to b e pe r suaded,

thorou ghly iqt;a<: cutting, t-"'' convinced; to be
amputation; deduction ..,.k ta qal lub: change,
reve r sal
content with
qa ~Iy: remote
distant 'far, inqita<: interruption;
stoppage ..1 II: to i mit a te t~ qanUc: s a tisfie d.
content (~ with)
inqigag: falling upon qat;i,: decisive ..,.J\i, ta qa lid ( pl.): tra ditions tl.J\ i qn; c : per suas ion
qaia (i): to finish qutn: cotton "..._.i., taqlidi: traditiona l
e(n_; to spend, pass' .,:.=,I VIII: to a cquire (s. th . ) ;
time); to kill II: to shrink, contra ct to 8 et. pro cure , pur-
destroy ( J 8 • qa<ada (u): to sit; chase (s.th.)
.o., S,th.) to remain
VI: to get VIII: to draw out,
to acqui re' rece~ve; pull out Ha qcmah pl • .,.:;1 aqniya :
maq,ad: seat; chair; ca n a l
exact ! obtain• to bench; sofa
, ~quire, de~~nd IV: to disturb, worry
._,;;;.;I ..,..;; qahr: subduin~ ; com-
VII: to be ended, mutaqa,id: retired qalaq: worry, a nxiety pulsion

l
._,..al Pass
VIII: to require qa ,r: bottom qaliq: worried, anx ious; ,,_,:.. ma qhur: pro strated ;
fol disturbed, troubled; conquered
gaga,: f ate. j IV: to be deserted restless
sentence• ' Udgment; ._..;..., qahqaha: ~uf f a w
'e:x:ecution .,;..
muqfir: deserted
 208
209
•,.,.:; qahwa : coffee qama: stature• figure
ill kutla: block; bloc
._...;;. ma qhan pl. ,6. ma qahin: qayyim: curator•
coffee-hous e valuable • .!'.'S ka.t.t,: dense, thick
c_,:; qut pl. cl_,:;1 aq wa t: ka.t,a b : nea rness,
su s tenance, maintenance;
qima pl. - q·
value• wortr iyam:
~t ka,aba: sadness, dis-
proximity
food t ress, sorrow,
melancholy IV: to do ~uch ( 0' of ) ;
,\; qada (u): to l ead, e;uide qawam: stature; basis pl
;.15 gnz (cf. ;!. ): e;as, to give much or fre -
maqam: stay• quently ( 0' , J to s. o.
dJ\;; qi yada: command leader- situation ' position, kerosene of s,th.)
sh ip .'
;;.1;1
._:'S,;1 VI I: to concentrate; ? ka.t,Ir: many; num e rou s ;
.t\; q~ ' i d ]21. ,1;;
quwwad/ iqama: stay; residence to a pply o.s. assid-
uously ( Js- to); to be abund ant
,,& qada: leader·
commander; chief' istaqama: straight- intent ( Js- upon)
ness; upri ghtness ;,, pl ak.t,arfya: majority
--~ _,:; II: to demolish. to 4 kabata (i): to suppress,
,1:!1'1 ik.t,ar: excess, doin g
break ' qa'im: situated• repress, re ~; train; to
standing ' frustrate much
,,;, ;;; V: to be demolished• u..;1, k~1If: den s e, thick
to collapse, tumble' qa,ima pl. ,-ii_,:; qawa'im• 4 kabt: su ppression,
down l~g, foot, paw; prop ' r epression kadar: tu r bidity, mud-
pillar; list, index• diness; worry, grief
,h;;; taqwict: demolishment catalog • makbut: suppressed, re-
pressed; frustrated kadir: troubled, tu r bid
;.1; <Ja' a : hall, room muqawwimat (pl,):
fundamentals, bases rJi kabJ;i: curbing akdas (pl.): pile s,
W_,:; qauqa<a: shell; snail he aps
mustaqim: straight II: to cause (losses
J_,:; q~u~ pl. JI _,:;I aqwal: to s.o.), inflict (s.th. aka~Ib (pl.): lies
saying ; Supposition• quwa: strength force· upon s.o.)
speaking • ability ' ' kaillJ.ab: liar, swindler;
kabura (u): to grow, lying , deceitful
Jt;. ma qal: article qawiy: strong, power- grow up, be older than
ful; firm, solid ,t;S kibar (pl.): large, II: to repe a t, do a gain
.Jt;. ma qala: article.
trea tise • essay; qI.t_ara: i:;uitar great; old V: to be repeated; to
r& qama (u): to rise J,1 ,..-
qirat pl • .J.,,1~ qararI~:
kibriya': arrogance,
presumption; pride,
be refined, di st illed

~t)~d; to be based ( Js- carat; inch takrir: repet i tion

glory
n • to ca r·ry out ('-'
spe.trhf.); to unctertak~ qasa (i): to measure; kabus: night mare takrar: repetition
orin , to weie;h, judge
kuttab pl. __,;\:5 ka tat Ib: ka rb: distress, an~ui s h;
r ,& III: to resist qiyas: measurement; el ementary Xoran school grief, pa in
analogy kurbaj: whip
r~ IV: to set u , roaktab pl. ..,...::6. roakatib:
to dwell P • to raise; office; study
muqayasa: estimate by iktirat: a ttention,
analogy ..,..:IS katib pl. ._,,8\' kutta:>; : care, conce rn, int e rest
writer; s e cretary
qai~: heat ka rita pl, .!. , ' f, ka wari.t,:
ma ktub pl. ._,,.:;IS. makatib: d i s a s t e r, c ata s t r o phe
letter; writ t en; fat ed,
de s tined kurras pl. u-,,1} ka r a ri s :
boo kl e t; no t ebook
I I~ katif: shoulder
r u-; II: to devote conse-
210

.,:S II: to ;;rin. t 0

snarl ' scowl, ~I
VII: to shrink, con-
tract; to be wrinkl ed
211

W ka ifiya: manner• mode ;

qua li ty ; condition
crate '
JIS' kala (i): to give s.o,
J...:S ka/lafa (i) · t J.51 VIII: t o be finished; a beat inr; ; to measure
kiri! p l. . j Jmrull:
uncover, r;veil show; to to be perfe ct weigh '
be lly u-.1 to discover ' expose;
j.L-1 X: to fulfill; to •W klmiya'': Chemistry
ka r a:na : pre s ti ge· J..± ..I X: to discover• to perfect
honor; 6enerosity explore ' kam31i: luxury, luxu- (J )
kariha ( a ): to detest rious, de luxe
dislike , be offensive' J...:S report; list.
k':-llf:
discovery • lcama nj a : violin mal'ak pl. .ill!.
mal8, ika: angel
ka rih: de tested, ka f fa(u): to stop k~nna (u): to hide,
a bhorred ( .Y s.th.) conceal; to contain mu1a,1m: conven ient,
su i table
ul)' karaha: dislike kaff: palm, paw; glove· ..;.61 VIII: to surround; to .,j lubb pl. ~WI albab:
scale (for weighing) ' encompass, embrace hea rt, core; seed
makruh: disliked·
calamity; loaths~me J ,tS. makfuf: blind kana f: wing ; refuge
'"="W lub.ib: core, heart
thing II: to call by the
i;IS' III: to reward labiJ;.a (a): to tarry,
kura: ball, sphere s urname (~ s.o.) 4 stay
ku.f, pl. •1;51 akfa> :· kahraba': electricity malbas pl. ..r< )I. malabiS:
karan: sleep, slumber able, competent dress; clothing , clothes
kahraba,I: electrical
kasaba (i): to gain; &IS' III: to struggle l aba'qa: ingenu i ty ;
to earn, profit; to kahf pl.J ,_,5 kuhiif: fitness
acquire, win cl.5 ki.fati: struggle, strife ca ire 1aban: milk; sour milk
IV: to secure (s.th. ,pl VIII: to be satisfied kiit pl. c:'?'
akwa].:
lubniinI : Lebanese
for s.o.); to make s.o. with, content hut
gain kiiz: drinking-mug IV: to compel, forceJ
JIS' kafin: sufficient, to shelter
VIII: to have, own; to
.,_,...:SI acquire, enough kU'' elbOW I ajna pl. u\..J lijan :
obtain b cr~ated, formed; committee, commission
)' kalla (i): to tire; V: to t "be composed,
kasb: earning,
profit to become dull, dim to consis '( f) IV: to insist, persist;
..,,-5 be made up v" o
el' to urge
kasi!i: crippled,
lame J..i kalil: tired; dull; t_,51 a kwan:
c,,-5 weak ka~n pl._v8 xistence;
unive rse,
milhah : persistent;
kasara (i): to break
persevering
...JS kalb pl. ...,,)6 kilab: world
VII: to be broken
kfsra pl. kisar:
fragment, piece; piece
. dog
J$ kalifa (a): to be in.
ardent love ( ..... with),
to be intent ( '-:" on)
I kiyan: being; status

mak:an: place
kawa (i): to burn; to
press ( c1otb e s)
mulil;t~' persistent;
pressing ; urge nt
mulJ;tid: apostate
1a J;tiS3 ( a) : to lick,
l aP

of bread th
II: to cost; to bO er l. .v ~"5'
h aJ<:yas:
pocke t book
kasir: broken krs P
t s o ck:, pouc ,
kalaf: 1ove; coB
J~ kasiil: very lazy, idle
takalluf: unnatur~7
v)I...S kaslan: lazy, idle, manner; constrain'
inactive hypocrisy
-51 VIII: to clothe o.s., to
be dressed, clothed
 212
213

.J... Y III: to note; to re-

mark .;..JI IV: to stick together, • milaff pl• ~w. •\:;JI ilga>: 5ivinG, offering;
to attach, paste, glu; JJ. mi laffat: folder;_ throwing, cast ing
.W lahza: moment, instant; dossier; letter file
look, glance ..;..JI VIII: to cling, adhere mulg ~n: thrown
(..,_ to) VIII: to look around;
.J:...JI. aulahaza : comment l t turn turn around; l akm : boxing
remarki footnote lu~ug: adherence t~ pay ;ttention (.~I
to); to turn (o.s,1 to IV: to acquaint o.s .
.J;,...i. mal~u;: noticeable; II: to stain (~ with); to get to
noted, noteworthy l afa~a ( a ): to burn, know
,-1J latama (i): to strike scorch
JW li~af: cover, blanket with the hand (the face mulimma : cal amity , mis -
with despair in lamen-' .biJ l afaza (i): to throw fortune
J,,J lahiga (a): to follow tation); to slap out;'to reject; to
(,,:s,o,); to catch; utter, pronounce 1.3 maha ( u/a): to see,
to join(..,_ s.th,) fl V: to blaze; to burn sight; to gl anc e ; t o
with rage lafz: word; wording; flash
.;,-Y III: to follow; to term expression, sound
persecute -,.,_,JI ul•uba pl. ..,..,.~1 ala•Ib: group, phonetic complex ma lamih (pl.): fe1 tures
plaything; trick; fun; (of the face)
J->,11 IV: to ann-,x, add (._ prank r}J II: to wrap
s,th, to); to connect VIII: to re guest ; to
(..,_ s,th, with) ..,_.J. mal•ab pl. ...,.)I. mala•ib: JJI IV: to find seek ( s. th. ) , l ook, )
search ( for s ,o., s.th.

I
field; theater; play-
la~: meat ground J)l; VI: to remedy; to elim-
inate, remove; to malmas pl • ..,..)I. ma l am is:
/"'"JI. mala9im (pl.): epics, ',-S~ la•ib: player redress t 1uch
(fierce) fights
,.;..,J; Quad, II: to stutter, ,~)I. mulafah: avoidance iltimas: re quest ;
.:,,..l la9n pl. uWI al~an: stammer pet ition
tune, melody II: to call, surname
i.i...J. ( ... s .o. by an agnomen lama ,an: brightness ,
mil•aqa pl. .;,.)I. mala•ig: sparkle
;,...J li~ya: beard spoon or title)
ladiid: fierce, ~im, ,:,.,J V: to gather, collect, l amma ': lustrous
JJ.J! la,In: accursed
dogged, tough; mortal glean lami•: sparkling ( adj,)
enemy, arch-enemy mal•iin: cursed
antagonist ' .hi.) I VIII: to collect IV: to fl ame, bla ze
mala•In (pl.): cursed II: to instruct, teach
l.,i VIII: to be Pleased ?III: to be infl ame d
delighted(.., at) '
lugz pl, ;WI algaz: laqiya (a): to meet;
puzzle, riddle to find IV: to cause to thank ,
-i,..u lag.fg: enjoyable praise
delicious '
lagw: (foolish) talk '-"1' IV: to throw, ca st,
flinr; lahja: tone; dial ect,
la" i, · b1· ti vernacular; tongue
"' • burning
sharp; · ng, pungent•, luga: language
J.J
v: to receive; to meet
IV: to inspire
,.:,W lisan pl .WI a laffa (u): to wrap up,
toncue • lsina: fold up, roll up (s.th,) VIII: to meet, encounter
VIII: to devour, consume
X: to lie down
VI:_ to disa ppear VIII: to wrap o,s. UP{ ilham: insp irat ion
perish , to µ;ather ( J~ around/ liqa': meeti ng ! get-
together; reunion iltiham: consumption
·...J lafiqa (a): to lafifa pl. uJli.J lafi,if:
stick (<,, to) cling, package, packet; band;
cigarette
 214
malhan pl, ,)I. malahin:
entertainment place
II: to blot, sta in
V: to be stained
II: t o signal to; to
plank , l ay with planks
lag.a (u): to take
r efu ge (-,._ in)
d~ l aka (u) : to chew (s.th.);
to t alk constantly about
(s.th.)
l aU1Ji : blame
laun pl. ,;,l,JI alwan:
color; type
l awa (i): to turn; to
strain, tension; to
twiat, bend
multawin: twisted
l aqa (i ) : to suit
la>iq: tactful; suitable
lail: night
l ayla: night
lail8~: very dark
( f. adj,)
laimlln: lemon; orange
~ana (i): to be soft
ender, easy , majd: grandeur, dis-
( r )
marka: mark
ma>aqin (pl )· inner
cor ners of th; eyes
mitr: me ter
II : to make ( s
Cs.th,); t o fu~o,) enjoy
su pp ly nish,
· s,o, With)
215
t""'-' X: to enjoy marid: g i a nt
VII: to disappear, ., , I.
~I
vanish; to be effaced,
t:'- muta' (pl.): pleasures, V: to roll, wa llow ( J
delights wipe d out
in, especially dust ) ·
......, amti<a (pl.): furnitur, mu]s.k: brain
mara g: illne ss , d i se a se
goods e,
V: to be a r, produce,
bring forth marig pl. .,;, ,. ma r<).a:
mumti': enjoyable
inte r esting ' ill
madda (u): to stretch;
to a ssist mumarriga: nurse
matin: firm, strong
V: to lie down; to be maraq: broth; ~rsvy,
J:I. III: to resemble s a uce
extended, stretched
J:.; V: to imagine; to be
VIII: to extendl reach tamarmur: suffering ;
vis a ble bitte rne ss
( ._,JI , J to s, th. J; to
J:,. m~.t.l pl. Jt.l am.t_al: be extended, stretched
V: to exercise (o.s,)
like, similar to in
X: to receive from
J:- ma.t_al pl. Jt.l am.t_al: miran: skill, exper t nes s;
exa mple; proverb madid: long, extended
practice, training ,
imtidad: stretch, prac tic a l experience
Jl:. mi.t_al: example; ideal;
pa t tern extent, length
mizaj pl. --;.' a mzij a :
madda: material; subject tempera ment
J~ tim.t_al: statue
matter
imtizaj: combination,
J,;..:; tam.t_Il: acting, rep- madl;l: praise mixture
resentation
madanI: civil; urban; mazaha (a): to joke,
tam.t.IlI: dramatic; civilia n jset: make fun
of acting
m.a dan: perio d , space II: to tear
tam.t_Iliya: play, of time; range, scope;
drama extent massa (a): to touch,
f e el; to h~rm, wrong ;
majja (u): to reject; marra (u): to pass to hit, befall
to spit
X: to continue masaha (a): to wipe
clean
tinction; glory murr: bitter
~::~a: touch, trace,
tam~I~: thorough investi- marara: bitterness
gation, examination
marir: bitter misaha: area, space;
.:,-...1 VIII: to test, t ry, surface
subject to a test; to imru' (gen.: J,-1 imri>):
examine human being, person masI~I: Christian
imra~a: woma n, wife IV: to hold, prevent•
miJ,i.na pl. 0"- mihan: to refrain, a bstain'
tria~, sufferingi V: to rebel ( ,:r from)
a f fliction; misfortune
tamarrud: rebellion X: to cling ~ adhere
mai:,.a (u): to erase, stick(-,.to; '
efface
 217
216
;~I imti yaz : privil ege;
maskana: indigence ,nana ' a (a ): to prevent; conc es sion
makr: guile t o r e fu se , deprive
trickery , cunning,
III: to w:,lk with• to mutamayyiz: di st ingu is hed
V: t o refra in ( v" from);
accompany ' II: to enable to declin e ; to with- .bl.I IV: t o disclos e , revea l
V: to walk, g o; to .:,ll.l imkan: possibilit- sta nd s.th.; t o unMask

penetrate deeply into ability Yl vrn: to forbear (if t'- rna 'a (i): t o become
,.,:I. ma~in pl. a.:. mu~ah: j. ~alla (a): to be
r-' from s.th.); to re-
fra i n , abs ta in
soft; t o flow (li qui d)
pedestrian; infantry 1mpa tient, weary bored, J,i.,. rnutamii"yil: oscil la ting
imtinac: refraining ;
~I VIII: to suck; to JJ. malal: boredom tt,,.' refusal ( u )
extort, exploit
mumill: boring (adj,) mamnu<: forbidden
maill ~U~: sucked; drained, V: to ~ ish, de sire ~l na'a ( a ): to be f ar
8xhausted; emaciated mala >a: to fill (,:,, from)
mamlu>: filled II: t o l evel, smooth •~, JV: t o i nform, announce
mi~rr: cgyptian
filled up ' tamhid: paving the •~ naba' pl. •~I anba , :
ma~aga (a/u): to chew ..,.,..; way; pre face news, informa tion;
mutamalliq: flatterer· announcement ; r eport
hypocrite ' mahara: skill, pro-
ma~g: chewing ,,t.,.. ficien c y, expe rtness

I
~I VIII: t o r e trea t; t o
mada (i): to proceed ill.; V: to acquire aba ndon
IV: t o gtve time, grant
( Jito); to go away, X: to appropriate J-,.1 a res pite, delaY nabQ.: discarding ( n. ) ;
depart, leave; to pass; dJ..;..I
abandonment
to expire di. mulk pl. ,!))I.I amlak: mahal: slowly, leisurelY
J-,. nabasa ( i ) : to ut t er
possession; kingship, r
im~a>: signature mahana: humilia t ion,
royalty ;.;l_,.. .;,,; nabaq.a ( i) : to pulsate
contempt
matar: rain .,i:i(. :nullak (pl,): possessors, imtihan: di sdain, nabd: puls e ; throb,
proprietors .:,1-,..::.1 humiliation; abuse, t~ pulsation
V: to stretch one's improper treat~ent yanbii, pl. t"I.;, yanabI':
body, stretch o.s.
VIII: to ride
Quad. II: to be rest-
less, nervous; to twitch
nervously; to murmer, ~,. maut: death t"" s pring , sourc e

. to be agitated; to JV: to awaken

matiya pl. ~11. mataya:
mumble p'-' vr. flicker
~1
V: to a wake; t o notice;
wave; to
mount; beast of burden imla>: dictation to be careful
mauja: ,;a-ve
IV: to go to extremes mallfm: millfeme (Fr,)i A.::-,. nabiy: prophet
roUsiqI: musical
c.r'" I
( J. ins,th, ); to be the smallest monet
11a[boO .j,-J' l., ,nayadin: •\,; na ta ' ij:
natij a pl• C"
as~iduous; to look, unit in Egypt, = ·dan pl, .;r--'- r e sult; consequence
ponder
im<an: pondering; de-
Eg. Pound
malyunir: milliOOaire
( v'~ 1f~ld, arena
ma,ida pl•
.J!lr roawB>id: intaJ' pr oduction
;;~l. VI: to be sca tt er ed
votion; scrutiny · an· table
10
minna pl, v-- m 0 _• V: to distinguish VIII: t o be scatte red,
maqata (u): to detest favor, gift; benev :,,.; di s tinguished,
di s persed
lence; gratitude vrrI: to ~e ( bY), be
;!;.' characterized . .to dis-
maqt: aversion different from,
manaha (a): to give,
muqla: eye, eye-uall tiM,uiSh o,S,
g rant
. e· e,go
5100
makata (u): to stay, mungu: for, '
remain
 218
219

mut a natir: scattered mandub: delegate

IV: to 6 ive bi rth \to
a child); to be get
na ja.J;i: s ucc ess
naj !!i pl. -b-1 _.;
na waji~ : mol a r tooth
IV: to finish, com-
plete; to a chi eve
najma : star
III: to call; to whis-
per ; to confide to
na J;>Ib: lament, wail
naJ;iata (i/u): to hew,
;~r;~~mto sculpture•
intiJ;iar: suicide
nuJ;ias: co pper
naJ;iil: thin, lean
emaciated ' tendency; attitude
II: to remove t ake
away ' ( J , u> s.th. to~; to
VIII: t o t urn (t 0
to wa rd) •
sentative ' repre-
mand~~a: ampleness
s pa ciousness ' niswa (pl.): women
nada ra (u): to be rare
nadir: rare, unusual
nadan pl, •I .,;I nada,,
er-\.;;
moisture, dew; gener~sity
.,1..,
munadin: crier; an-
nouncer
muntadan: club, gathering
plac e , assembly room
J..i.;\ IV: to warn; to announce
t.i' naza<a (i): to remove
take off, detach; to •·
snatch; to aim at
III: to contend with
nazca: trend, inclination•
' anasid (pl.): songs
VI: to renounce· to cede
a ssign, transfer ( J,
u> s.th. to)
- V: to exhale; to
r-' breathe; ~o smell
nisa~I: womanly;
fe minine, female
nasiya (a): to forget
VI: to pretend to have
forgotten (s.th.)
'L::: II: to ca use to grow;
to bring up, raise
'1..:.;1 IV: to found; to start;
to write
.i..:.: nas ' a : early life;
ris e, formation
..,_..:.; nasiba (a): to break out
nasa ja (i): to sob
IV: to sing; to recite
mansiid: desired
nasara (u/i): to spread;
to publish
na ~Ib: share; share of
profits; f ate , l ot ;
l uck, chance
IV: to li ste n ( JI to)
nasaha (a): to a dvi se ,
counsel
VTI: to be vic t orious
ansar(pl.): de fender s ;
helpers
nasi<: pure, clear;
plain, evident
IV: to de a l just ly
VIII: to be midday ; to
be half over (day ,
ni ght, lifetime)
nisf pl • .,;L.,.;I a ns af:
half •
.,;L.,.;I insaf: im pa rtia lity ;
j ustice
nasiya: fore he ad , brow;
front
nadij a (a): to be or
beCome ripe, mature

II: to consider s.o. VIII: to spread out; to na gj: maturi t y,

n~ 9w : manne r, direc~ virtuous be scattered, dispersed ripeness
t1on; syntax

niiJ;i!yah pl. 1 • nuzha: pleasure trip, na§ita (a): to be active, nagir: fresh, blo om ing ,
na waJ;iin: sidl ,- excursion; walk, prome- liveiy glowing
nade; recreation amuse-
mankar: nose
ment ' X: to smell; to sniff
out
~~i~:: freshness ,

na~za \ a): t o Prick,· munazzah: infallible;

bore into to free <u> from);(far) VIII : to pilfer, snatch; na t aqa (u): to speak ;
above s.th. ( u>) to rescue to utt e r; to p ronounce
nakil: palm trees naSwa: ecst a sy; intoxi- man!'iq : lo g ic
nasib pl. •1...;1 ansiba':
relative, kinsman c a tion
nadda (i): to di
sclose natiq : spe a kin~ ; spe a ker
nas aba (u): to struggle
nadaba (u)• t 0 munasaba: occasion, hard; to exert o.s. to
l ame nt b • mou~n opportunity VIII: t o wa it
e l eg iz;. ~Wa il; to ' the utmost
, o de legate na~ a r: l ook ; vi e w
nasaja (u/i): to weave VIII: to r ise; to stand
erect
mansuj: woven (adj )·
textile • '
 220
na ~a riya : the ory
no. zci>ir (pl.): s i mil a r;
equa l
na H ~r~ pl, .;,I ,lh;
n3zzara t: spe ctacles,
e ye h1a ss e s
man=ar pl, _,bl.;.
·1ana ~ir: sc e ne, pano-
r ama, view; outlook,
pe r spe ctive
J\h;;._; I inti~ar: waiting
r\h; ni~am: order; syst em
._,.....; na <a sa (a/u): to grow
slee py
U"'L...; nucas: sle e piness
drowsiness, letha~gy
i-.a.; nacsa : doz e , nap,
slumber
._,!\..:.;I inti,as: revival
r--"""' IV: to bestow, give,
confer (<,- , _,l.s.th,
upon s.o .)
nicma _pl.r--,-: nicam:
blessing, favor, grace
n~cim: co~fort; h a p-
piness; paradise
nucUma: delicateness
softness, smoothness'
muna ccam: luxurious
living in ease and,
luxury
na<a,(a): to announce
s . o. s death
II: to trouble, vex
mtunagea~: disturbed
roubl ed • gain , profit advantage;
ani?;Bm (pl )
t unes · 'me lod ies,
221
na faha (a): to give (a na faq a : expense mu sta nqa <: swamp
i,; ift)
munafiq : hypocrite naqala (u ) : to t r a nsfe r;
~I.;.
na faka (u) : to blow t r a nsport
II: to dig, pierce
nafida (a): to run out•
'-:-'~
V: to wand er; to nove
to be us e d up; to be • ..,t.; niqaba : union, a bout; to be r e noved
so~d out; to be out of association
print VI: to pass from. , , to. , ,
.ii:, na gada (u): to pay in
nafasl.a (u): to penetrate · c a sh ; to review, intiqal: change ; tran s -
to be ca rried out· to ' crittcize f e r ; tra n s mission
be valid '
.;;; na qd: criticism ni qma: rancor, spi te,
j_,;.; nufusl.: influence c;rud t_::e, venge an c e;
Jji; nugud (p l. ): re a dy a ffliction, punishme nt;
nafisJ.a: window money , c 3 sh; coins, misfortune
cha nge
.:.L munaffisl.: executor rli::1 intiqam: r eve n ge
lS..ii.; naqdI: of criticism,
j.:. nafara (u/i): to avoid, critical ; ~onetary na kba : misfortune, c a -
shun ( .:,- s , th. ) ; to lamity, cat a stro phe
flee, turn away ( from ); A1 IV: to s ~ ve, rescue;
to des~ise, have a dis- to S3 lvag e, r e cover r§.; nakata (u/i/a) : to
taste ( .:,- for); to put out ma rry
jt:;.:,__t istinqa~: saving ,
,_,;.; nufiir: antipathy aversion, rescue; recove ry .£ nakid: mis e rable;
distaste, dislik; irrita ble, pe evish
.a;. munqiQ.: rescuer;
fal I V: t o de ny
nafs pl. er_,;.; nufus: s avior
soul; spirit
u=,:;~ III: to a r gue ,fa nakira : unknown pe rson,
nafas pl. ._,.l..;I anfas: nobody ; indef init e
mun'aqai§a: controversy,
breath o...:.:;\._
argumentation, dis- nakir: blame; d e nial;
._,.ii.;. munafis: competitor cussion rep r ehensib l e
inkar: deni a l
u-L. mutanaffas: outlet u<>i' naqa'i'a ( u): to decrease ,
diminish ; to be l acking
._fa; munkar : prohibited ( a dj ) ;
nafa~a (u): to dust nn.qis8. pl. ua!ti; a bomina tion (n,)
J,t naqa;i~: fault, defect ,
II: to dust shortcoming , failing mutanakkir: oppo s ing ;
dis g uis e d
41...;I
intifada: shiver, ,_,;;1,; nawaqi~ (pl. ): faults,
Shudder, tremor shortcomings, defects namma (u/i ) : to r e v~a l
disclo s e ( ,:.,s- s .th, )- •
naft: oil, petroleum J,li:I anqa~ (pl.): debris ;
rubble °IT: to wa lk (like a
ti"' VIII: to profit (..,, by) ti g, r)
naqid: o pposed, opposit e ,
manfa,a pl. e!\.. manafi'' contrary, antithetica l, .,..:. n a -n ir: l e o pa rd, ti Ge r
contra dictory; antithesis
benefit; use' opposition, contrast ' t 3 nmi q : o r name n ta tion,
embe ll i s hmcmt
~I ,_,;,;t;..;;.. nutanaqi<!-: contradictory
IV: to spend
 222 223

c~I.; namadij (pl,): examples, VI: to reach ( JI ) awan (pl.): fruit i .... hada >a (a ): to become
to come to an end •0 • ;
8
types ~tones• pi ts
expire ' calm; to be st ill, quiet;
unmulcl pl. anamil: to subside
..i.,;1 J.l;I - nucl eu s, kernel
f ini:;e rtip .,.,.:;I VIII: to p,e t Ultimat l ;ly nawah:
nama (i): to rea ch
( JI to ) ; to ascribe
( JI to)
(JI to), t o end up, e Y
expire; to finish ' · to
VIII: to occur to
( .)
hudii,: calmne ss ,
quietness
hadara (i): to r oar;
to waste; to shed in
._,.;.;I VIII: to belong (JI
to) ; to descend (JI
be set, befall '
,~ hakada: thus vain
na~b~: ~isfortune, habba (u): to blow; hadir: roaring
f r om), be related ( JI crisis; turn
to) ._,,.,. to rise
hadaf pl.JI.al ahdaf:
•~I intima': being related
na>ib p1 • ..,.1;;
nuwwiib, habata (u/i): to go
u.a
aim; target
delegate, deputy · down, come down, de-
(JI to); membership
scend; to land; to r.a II: to tear down,
na '!ba pl. ..,..:1.,; cause to drop, reduce destroy; to consume,
nahaba (a/u): to loot mawa, ib: misfortune exhaust
~I VIII: to loot; to cover ,l;I hatafa (i): to shout;
(the distance quickly); IV: to illuminate, fill to acclaim; to applaud r.u hadm: demolition
with light
to grip, seize ( J or..,. s .o.)
,1.;;...1 X: to be enlightened
r'.:;_. haddam : destructive
nahaja (a): to f ollow hat if pl. <..i;I _,... ha watif:
(a pattern); to behave I.; voice; shouter; tele- tS.._. 1 IV. to present; to dedi-
J nar pl..,,,..: niran: fire phone cate; to give as a gift;
nahj: way, road to l ead, conduct
,,; niir pl. ,' _,;I anwar: light ,,,_,. hajar (u): to abandon
"'1-' nahd: female breast, tSJ\.,_; VI: to sway to and fro;
bosom muna wa §a: engagement' muhajir: emigrant to totter
skirmish, encounter
,l.,.: nahar: day hajasa (u/i): to occur •I.al ihda': dedica t i on
manas: refuge, place to s.o.'s mind
)1-ZI VIII: to avail o.s. of of escape ._,,.~ tahdib: education
naha§a (i): to bite niyat (pl.): cords, haj!s pl. ~1_,... . .
hawajis: thought, idea, hadr : idle talk, prattle,
ribbons fear, apprehension ba:,ble; mockery
naha~a Ca): to get up,
ris e ; to raise, lift; t,:W V: to be varied haj<a: sleep ,,,.,,. harir: barking
to take up, undertake, II· to overcook,
be gin, start t,; nau c sort, kind hajama (u): to attack 1_,.. de~troy by cooking
:

nah~a: renaissance, Jl; nala ( u): to obtain, III: to attack, assail;

awakening attain hura': prattle, idle
to raid ,,_,,. ta lk
nuhii~: rising J;\.: VI: to take out (.:,o r~ hujiim: attack
from); to receive; to haraba (u): to run
;> away, escape
nahi~: awakening; include V• to spell
progressive II: to smuggle
naum: sleep hija,: spelling, suc-
4-.:1 IV: to weaken cessive order of letters; .,_. r' I
hurawa pl .s, r'
harawa:
..,.._;I nawa ( i): to inte nd th,) alphabet a cudgel
IV: to finish, terminate plan, determine (s,
complete; to put an end'
to s,th, tanwih: praising highlY
II: to menace J,,,. uad. I: to wal~ hur-
Q.i dly· to hurry, )
tahdid: meance, threat ~a: te n: rush ( JI to
 224- 225

,;.o hazza ( u): to shake

._,-,. hamasa ( i): to mumble,. hawa> : a ir, climate V: to be ti ed f i rm l y
to whisper
~I VIII: to be shaken;
to tremble
..,...y VI: to whisper together
_. a · bottomless pit,
ha wiy • lf abyss,
..; , wa.t,Iga pl. ._;!t J wa,ta ' i q:
cha s m, 1'11 'th document , r eco rd
i _;.o ha za >a/~ _;.o hazi ' a (a): i nfern 3l de p
to mock JI.Al ihmal: ne gli gence•
dereliction of duty wujub : nece ssity
II: to prepa re; to
• j,A huz>: mockery offer wi j da n: consc i ence ;
muhmal: neglected,
abandoned menta l or em otiong l life
rr" ha zama ( i ) : to de fe a t V· t o be re ady ,• to be
)
--,,_;.,, ha zima : defeat, rout t .. II: to congratulate p~ssible ( J to s.o. wujud: exis t ence

haga (u/i): to wel- J:A hanI:1: pleasant; easy haba ( a ): to fe a r mauj ud: exi st ing
u'Jb
come s milingly
<.S ..... hindI: Indian t a hayyub: f ea r IV: to a bbrevi a te ,
,--,..., V: to be or get sma shed, summa r i ze; to be co n-
de stroyed r'_.... hindam: attire;
dress,
ma hib: respe cted, cise, t e r s e
a dornlllent perrifying
j.,1 IV: to appear 1<a jiz: bri ef, short
......... hunaiha: a little Jt.. ha l a (i): to heap; to
j.,..:... mus t a ha ll: beginning, while (ac e . r in a pour miijaz: outline , sum -

. ,...
sta rt, outset while) little mar y ; conci se
Jt,..:1 VII: to be poured,
cll.1 IV: to destroy, ruin huwiya: identity he aped; to assail IV: t o hurt, cause pa i n
( ,),, s .o.)
.:U,.o..1 X: to consume ,yl VII: to collapse, V: to s uffe r pa in; to
fall down rt.. hama ( i ): to wander; l ament
t ahluka: p0rishing , to love passionately
loss, dea th J,_.. haul pl, Jl,_..1 ahwal: wa j a ': pa in
fright, horror, dismay, ,.:t.. ha~im: wa nderer;
dll.o ha lik: perishinc , dead dread love r wa j 1, : painful
muha lha l: thin; worn ill.. hala: ha lo haihatu: How f ar : How muj i,: pa inful
out different:
Jllo ha,11: dreadful, awe- ,iajil: f earful, a r pre -
r-" hamma (u): to be about
to do (..,. s,th,); to
plan; to begin(._,. s,th . ) .. t..
inspiring; tremendous
hama: head; crown; top,
( ,) hensive
wajama ( i ) : to keep
summit silent
~I VIII: to concern o.s. ..:;I VIII: to b e slow
(..,. with ) ; to take an
intere st (..,. in)
., ,L,.; VI: to be or become
easy (,),, for so.); to -~, wa ba, pl. 4!, , 1 aubi>a/
II· to direct , poi nt ;
to. a i m; t o addre ss
neglect •~ 1 1a uba>: contag ious
r-" hamm pl. r,... mumiim: dise a se, epidemic ~I VIII: t o ( J I to) ;
anxiety; grief, dis- u,A hayyin: easy t o head , !~ke ( JI for) ;
t r e ss; worry; care; J~, wabal: evil, h9rm to t end; to turn
in t erest; intention ~t.,. mahana: contempt, in- t owar ds
sult
;t.. hamm: important
~,:. V: to be tense,
strained jiha : s ide ; di re c ti on;
.:,.:.., ahammiya: importance jhana: insult; contempt ,, , watar pl• ,1:;,1 autar:
pa r t
wa jh: fa ce, fr ont ; side
hawa ( i): to fall, fal:_ ) chord; string
...,._ mahamma pl. rt.. mahamm: on; to cause to fall(.
import ·,nt ~atter; task, .,;,:. 'a'ha . r epute , estee m,
dut y; com·nssion, t a wattur : t e nseness ~~~a biii ty , r ank
ass i gnme nt
..s,-,....1 X: to attracf, charm
.
'-...! , wa:t,aba 'i): to jump; to T ., - wu j a ha' :
wa j 1h pl.....,,., ~ t able
Skip, hop; t o start; to no ta bl e , re sp_c
da sh ( ,,i. at s.o.)
r -,; taujih: directing •
guidance, directiin
•4-: 1 i ttijah: direction
trend, tendency
...... , wa9da: unity
...,_, wa9Id: sole, unique;
v=-_,.;..1
exclusive
X: to be desolate,
lonely
v=-, wa?§: wild beast
~, wa ?§a: loneliness;
desolat ·i on
~u9i§: wild, desolate,
areary
mutawahhi§: savage·
barbarfc; cruel, b::.Utal
wahl pl. Jl,..,1 awhal:
muct, mire, morass
IV: to inspire; to
reveal; to give an
impression
wadda (a): to like
II: to bid farewell
V: to rerrain, abstain
( .:,,, , c,, from)
.. daca: calm, e,.,uanimity;
comfortable life;
gentleness
<!-1_.; turat: heritage
<!-) _,.;.. mu ta waraJi: inherited
.,, I,: VI: to arrive in suc-
cession; to succeed one
another
~arid Pl ..::,1., ) [ · waridat:
imported; arr ving, Pl.:
imports; teceipts
returns, proceeds'
226 227
maurid pl • ., 1 - I· to insinuate t-i' ,- mau\li' pl. t"'I,. mawa\li,:
resource , ,. ma.,ariu: Quad, • ) place
,rYJ (s,th, evil
tJ-O,. mau\lii': subject, topic,
' >1araqa: leaf; paper evil insinuation
-.,yJ waswasa: theme
IV: to swell, inflate .,.:/ JV: to be on
the point
<f'J-O" mau9-u,f: objective
III: to conceal of,,•
,iJ,,
VI: to hide o.s.; to
disappear I t lock, shut,
...,,1 close;
JV: o to block (s.o. 's
way) j,,.
wat,a: pressure;
violence
maup, pl..),1,- mawafi':
wara 'a: behind . wasafa (i): to describe, foot-stool; footing,
_,.,,, portray; to prescribe f oothold
J<i, wazir pl. •1,;, wuzara,.
minister (governmental) ..., sifa: guali ty; c~arac- .:,1,, watan pl. uU,,1 aupan:
fatherland, country
t cristic; adjective
wizara: ministry,
department .), ,. mautin pl. .),I,- rna11apin:
J.,1, III; t o continue abode; place; point;.
c:h... mizan: weighing; measure; native country
scales (s.J J,.:I VIII: to be connected
(..,, with); to contact .:,1,1,. muwatin: compatriot,
mizaniya: b~dget (,, s .o.) fellow citizen
a., sila: relation; contact,
V: to rest or recline ..J,, II: to invest; to
on a pillow or cushion connection; link, tie employ, hire
wisada: cushion J~,1 ausal: articulations, .;,,1, 11ap~fa: function; job
joints; members (of the
V: to mediate(.:,,,, body) ._;,,!,,; tau~if: appointing
between); to be in the
middle ' <:.lt.,I,. muwa(lala t: communications _ 1 X: to contain; to
~,- receive
wasap: middle, center JL.:1 i tti13al: reach; contact
I - VI: to promise on:n
VIII: to expand, grow; J.,1,._. mutawasil: persistent, "",- another; to l!lake
to be wide, large continued, continuous, appointment
incessant, uninterrupted I ma11a<id:
saca: comfort; plenty; ,.,. :n
au<id
•
pl.,.,. ·
d time· time,
luxury, affluence, J..:. muttasil: continuous, apoo1nte 't
wealth uninterrupted date, appointrnen
. warning ;
t-J wusc: capacity; ability; c~I VIII: to be made clear .J;., 11ac~: ~esso~dmonitiOD
power preaching, •
c\..;,,I Igag: clarification actmonish-
t-' J wasi C: wide .J,..;I vnr: to ltak;n a lesson
(""I J wagig: clear, evident ment; to ea
J:,: V: to entreat, implore · a pl• .J,,1,- t
e:,,, wad, pl. tl..,1 a1;1d~':. ;;J.. mauE lf . ad,nonis hmen ,
J!L, wasii, il (pl.): means situation, condition! le· ,. ma"a<if•
statute; rule, principm·' sermon
practice, usage, cuS t O ' I )· t o know;
.._ sima: outward character· wa 'a (ya ' ~are ( 0 f ) ; .
istic, feature; mark, convention J'J become a erce1ve,
(?;;;r:-
sign to t , i n' t o P
co con , recall
~, wadi, : lowly, humble' to r emember,s th,)
wasfm: pretty, handsome; base, vulgar, common;
graceful; beautiful inferior

228
wU cin : consci ous; at-
tentive, heedful,
careful; in one's
senses , wide awake
VI: t o b e abunda nt
maufur: abundant
V: to be st r a ined
I I: to r econcile (.:,,,,
different things ) ; to
~dupt , adj ust ( s ,th. )
III: to meet or happen
by c oincidence; to
approve
uil,. muwafaqa : authori-
zation, consent, ap-
proval; a gr eeme nt,
conformity
wafah: de ath
X: to receive in full;
to ha ve a full share of
i stifa , : receiving in
full; fulfillment;
payment
qi~a: i mpudence, shame-
lessness, insolence
waqi~: shameless, im-
pudent, insolent
waqda : burning
wuqud: burnin"O (n)
fuel • ;
_;;, wiqr: load, burden
waqa•a (a): to fall·
to happen; to be in'
,, auqi•: e i' fect; site
~>' t auq I•: signature
~,, waqi<: fa ct (n.) ,
factual ( ad j,) '
tl
229 I
waqa fa (i): to stand• wa lima pl. r!" J .l.i,:.-1 X: to wake up, be
wala>im: banquet awakened
to know(.~ s.th,),'
understanO:
j, II: to turn away; to V: to be certa l n, sure
V: to stop; to pause• pass, go by
to discontinue · ' yaqin: ce~titude,
VI: to follow in conviction, certainty
X: to stop, halt, hold suc c ession
up; to ask to stop yamin: right (hand or
X: to seize, ~ onfiscate; side); oath
waq~ l_)l. ....;1;,, auqaf: to capture
relig ious endowment r,, yaum pl. rC• ayyam:
wakf (Islamic law)' wal!y pl. •l,,.J,1 auliya>: day
holy ma n, saint (in the
wu quf: standing , popular reli g ion of
sto pp ing (n.) Islam); le ga l guardian,
tutor
mauqif: situation,
position; stop VIII: to charge(._,. s.o.
with); to suspect,
I qaf: arrest a ccuse(._,. s.o. of)
waqi.f: standing auham (pl.): fancies,
doubts
waqa (i): to protect;
to guard, preserve
.;,, VIII: to avoid; to be-
ware of; to protect o,s,
ya>isa (a/i): to despair
ittiqa': bewaring of, . .
y a ~a: desperation,
V: to lean (.),-on); hopelessness
to relcine
yabis: dry
VIII: to recline (.,I, yad pl. _.,,, a idin:
in a chair)l to lean
( .),- against J hand; influence
V: to become possible
maukib: procession
yusr: ease
wakr pl. ,IS ,1 aukar: nest
yasar: we a lth
wakil pl. •)tS, w:ukala':
assistant, deputy; agent mUsir: i·1eal thy, rich,
well-to-do
..J' II: to cre a te, generate
rA yafUk: vertex, zenith,
walad: child, son ape x; crown of the
head
..o,,J, walid: child; boy; new-
born; young, new yafic: young man, lad
_h;,,I IV: t o a1<ake n
~,, walid: father
~' wala < : passion