Experimental PVT

REINALDO RAYMOND
1806148561
TEKNIK KIMIA
LIST OF CONTENT

EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTING OF FLUID EXPERIMENTAL FLOW

OBJECTIVES SAMPLES DIAGRAM

1 3 5

2 4 6

THEORETICAL ROUTINE PVT ANALYSIS RESULT

BACKGROUND INTERPRETATION

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EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES
The volumetric behaviour
Information required to:
reservoir fluid must be
• Evaluate reserves determine as function p and t in
• Develop the optimum recovery plan order that the engineer can
• Determine the quantity and quality of evaluate that:
produced fluids • Material balance calc.
• Production performance
calculation
• Surface facilities design
• Reservoir evaluation
• Development processes
design
• Well test analysis
• EOR process desig
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Definition of Crude Oil Classification Of Reservoir Fluids

A complex mixture that contain Petroleum reservoirs are broadly

hydrocarbon and sometimes H2S N2 O2
other impurities as minor constituents. The
physical and chemical properties of crude
oils vary considerably and are dependent
on the concentration of various types of
hydrocarbons and other minor
constituents present in the fluid. Every fluid
has its own signature Pvt diagrams PT
diagram and PV diagram
classified as oil or gas reservoirs.
these broad classifications are further
subdivided depending on:
• The composition of the reservoir
hydrocarbon mixture
• Initial reservoir pressure and
temperature
• Pressure and temperature of the
surface production

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Reservoir temperature T is less than

OIL RESERVOIR the critical temperature TC of the
reservoir fluid

• OFV <2.0 • OFV <1.2 • OFV >2.0 • OFV >2.0

• Rs 200-700 • Rs <200 • Rs 2000-3000 • Rs >3000
• OG <45o • OG <35 • OG 45o • OG >50o
• Color: brown to • Color: Black or deep • Color: Greenish-orange • Lower LRs
dark green
• Substantial LRs • Lower LRs • Up to 50% gas at few
• C7+ mole% >30% hundred psi below Pb
• C7+ mole% >30% • C7+ mole% 12.5%-30%

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Reservoir temperature is higher than

GAS RESERVOIR fluid critical temperature

• Gas Oil Ratios 6000-100,000 • Gas Oil Ratios >100,000

• Gas Oil Ratios 8000- • CG>60oAPI
70,000
• Color: Water-white
• CG >50oAPI
• Color: Water-white
• C7+ mole% <12.5%

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COLLECTING OF FLUID SAMPLES

What type of sample do we need? Why do we meet to sample?

1. Pressurized fluid 1. As early in the life of the reservoirs possible
2. Oil with all the gas in solution 2. Before depletion below saturation
3. Gas with heavy ends in the vapor phase pressure has occurred

Sample quality is
dependent on:
1. The reservoir
2. Well conditioning
3. Sampling methods,
equipment, and operating
procedures
4. Human factors

How to obtain a sample:

1. Downhole sample
2. recomendation Downhole Recombination
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 CCE DL
ROUTINE PVT ANALYSIS

1. Original reservoir composition

2. Sat.P at reservoir temperature
3. O&G densities
4. O&G viscosities
5. Gas solubility in oil To obtain bubble point & All gased removes at
determine compressibility in constant pressure, then the
6. Liquid content of reservoir gas
formation volume factors. vol vg moles increase and
7. Shrinkage factors of O&G specific gravity of the
8. Equilibrium phase compositions removed gas.

Separator Test CVD

Tasks to study and quantified phase

behavior and properties
1. Composition measurements
2. Constant Composition Expansion Designed to provide vol and
(CCE) comp data for gas
3. Constant Volume Depletion (CVD) condensate in volatile oil to
4. Separator test Obtain values to convert DLV simulate reservoir depletion
5. Viscosity measurements result from residual oil to performance and
stock tank oil basis compositional variations
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EXPERIMENTAL FLOW DIAGRAM
1. The PVT cell is composed of an efficient fluid mixer
mounted on the piston, a dedicated visual head to
sampling vows an accurate pressure transducer and
an electric heater enabling a homogeneous
temperature control. The cell is in an upright position and is
inverted
for gas condensate experiments.
2. The second part is the pump that can generate
pressure up to 10,000 psi
3. The third part is the control panel where we can
switch on or off the power, light stirrer, and
temperature.
4. Finally, the data acquisition system works with
special software to calibrate and select the
desired test.

Vacuum in PVT Cell

- Connect vacuum pump to outlet valve of gasometer
- Open both valves on gasometer until the sample bottle
- Apply vacuum for one hour
- Close all the valves and disconnect pump

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EXPERIMENTAL FLOW DIAGRAM
Filling Of PVT Cell Camera Calibration

- Move the piston to the top of the PVT Cell.
- Vacuum the PVT Cell.
- Connect the fluid accumulator to port B.
- Start the displacement pump in constant
pressure mode at required
pressure.
- Fill the minimal volume of the PVT Cell with
the sample.
- Move the camera up or down to place the central axis
on the
bottom of the cell.
- Adjust the number of displacement steps (usually, use
large steps at
the beginning 50 or 100 steps and small steps at the end
one step).
- When the central axis of the camera matches with the
bottom of
the cell, click on the origin point assignment button.
- Z score, should be reset to zero.

Data Acquisition System

- Select test constant mass expansion
- PVT cell pressure will decrease continually
- The sample is recombined at a P higher than bubble point
- The same sample is also used for differential vaporization experimen 10
RESULT INTERPRETATION

Find the following parameters:

• Bubble point pressure
• Formation volume factors
• Oil compressibility

Use the data in this table and

the questions
for CCE to interpret the result
and obtain
the above factors.

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