https://engineering.purdue.edu/ZhangLab/publications/papers/2015-cad-review.

pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321702417_Mechanical_Characterization_of_3D-
Printed_Polymers#fullTextFileContent

 Additive Manufacturing (AM)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been defined as the process of joining materials to
make parts from a 3-dimensional model data one layer at a time. As opposed to milling
or cutting a part from a block of material, AM builds up the part, usually layer upon
layer, using powders or liquid. In the case of polymers, filaments are also widely being
used
 Process
Commonly process AM
No Steps
1. CAD – based 3D model
2. STL File Conversion
3. Sliced layers
4. AM Setup
5. Finishing

- Basically, the process starts with drawing a three-dimensional computer-aided design

(CAD) model using a CAD software.
- The model is then saved or converted as an STL file format.
- Usually, 3D printer manufacturers provide their own software to slice the model in
the STL file into individual layers. The sliced file will then be sent to the Additive
Manufacturing device, a.k.a. printer. The printer will then print one layer (2D) on top
of the other, and thereby forming a three-dimensional object in the process.
- After forming the 3D object, it may need some post-processing depending on the
desired property. Post-processing may include curing, annealing, painting, or others.

 Products
Additive Manufacturing can create precise objects with high speed of production, this
one can offer a way to replace the conventional manufacturing techniques. AM is
currently being used for printing 3D Object in a number of sectors are :
- Agriculture : Hidroponic and tools
- Aerospace : aircraft turbines
 - Biomedical : printed prosthetic limb
- Food : mold cake
- Education : Replica pulmonary for props
- Engineering : PCB fabricated

 Types of AM
1. Liquid Base Material :
1.1 Photo Polymerization
- SLA (Stereolithography apparatus)
- Polyjet

2. Solid Base Material

2.1 Solid Powder
- Melting
o SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
o EBM (Electron Beam Melting)
o LENS (Lase Engineered Net Shaping)
- Binding
o 3DP (3 Dimension Printing)
2.2 Solid Wire
- FDM (Fusion Deposition modelling)
2.3 Solid Sheet
- LOM (Laminated Object Modeling)