Finite Element Analysis using SAP2000 (Revision 2)

Exercise 01:
Analysis of 2D frame
Details of 2-dimensional concrete frame subjected to dead loads, live loads and wind loads
are given below. The frame has two types of columns (Cl & C2) and beams (B1 & B2)
whose dimensions and material properties are given. Bases are pinned to foundations.

Span - 1 Span -2 Span - 3

pg. 1
 a. Live loads
on beams type B1 =6.0 kN/m
on beams type B2 =8.0 kN/m
b. Wind Force along x-direction is shown in Figure 2.

16 kN

12 kN

7 kN

Figure 02
Find the bending moments, shear forces, axial forces of each member for following load
combinations.
1. 1.0 Dead + 1.0 Dead (span 1,2 & 3) + 1.0 Live (span 1,2 & 3) + 1.0 Point Load (1,2 & 3)
…………………………….…………………………………………………... (Comb-1)

2. 1.4 Dead + 1.4 Dead (span 1,2,3) + 1.6 Live (span 1,2 & 3)
+ 1.4 Point Load (1,2 & 3) …………………………………………………… (Comb-2)

3. 1.0 Dead + 1.4 Dead (span 1 & 3) + 1.6 Live (span 1 & 3) + 1.4 Point Load (1 & 2)
+ 1.0 Dead span 2 + 1.0 Point Load 3 ………………………………………. (Comb-3)

4 1.0 Dead + 1.0 Dead (span 1 & 3) + 1.4 Dead span 2 + 1.4 Point Load (1 & 2)
+1.6 Live span 2 + 1.4 Point Load 3 …………………………………………. (Comb-4)

5 1.2 Dead + 1.2 Dead (span 1,2 & 3) + 1.2 Live (span 1,2 & 3) + 1.2 Point Load (1,2 & 3)
+ 1.2 Wind-Loads……………………………................................................... (Comb-5)

6 1.4 Dead + 1.4 Dead (span 1,2 & 3) + 1.4 Point Load (1,2 & 3) + 1.4 Wind-Loads

……………………………………………………………………………………... (Comb-6)

pg. 2
 Combination -2 ULS
Combination -1 SLS
All spans fully loaded
1.0 DL + 1.0 LL
1.4 DL + 1.6 LL

Span – 1 Span – 2 Span – 3 Span – 1 Span – 2 Span – 3

1.4 DL+ 1.6 LL 1.0 DL 1.4 DL+ 1.6 LL 1.0DL 1.4 DL+ 1.6 LL 1.0DL

Combination -3 ULS Combination -4 ULS

Alternative spans fully loaded Alternative spans fully loaded

pg. 3
 Span – 1, 2 & 3 Span – 1, 2 & 3

1.2 DL+1.2 LL+1.2 WL 1.4 DL+1.4 W

Combination -5 ULS
Combination -6 ULS
Dead and Wind and Imposed
Dead and wind

Exercise 02: Analysis of 3D Frame-1

Create a 3D SAP 2000 model as shown below. Here, material, dimensions and loading
patterns of two frames along X direction are as same as that used in Exercise 01. Beams in
Y direction are of type B1 at Level-3 and type B2 at Level-1 and 2. In addition to the loads
established in Exercise 01, a horizontal point load P 4 (=20 kN) acts along Y-direction as
indicated in the figure 03. Investigate axial force, shear force and bending moment (hogging
and sagging) distribution of each member for all load combinations. Plot the deformation
shape under load combination Comb-6.

pg. 4
Exercise 03: Analysis of 3D Frame -2

Modify 3D frame you developed in exercise 02 adding slabs at levels 1, 2 and 3 with given
thickness as shown below,

Loads on slabs are (in addition to their self-weights and loads assigned in exercises 01 and
02):
On slab -1 & slab -2 Live loads = 2.0 kN/mm2
On slab -3 Live loads = 3.0 kN/mm2

Exercise 01: Analysis of 2D frame using SAP2000

Step 1: Begin a new model

1.1 Go to File Menu > New Model to bring the New Model form. Select the default
units to kN-m-C.

Grid only t OK

1.2 You will see two 3-D view windows. Close one window, then

Mouse Right Click Select “Edit Grid Data” Select “Modify/ show grid”

pg. 5
 1.3 You can save the SAP file you are about to develop now.

File Save As

Step 2: Set the Coordinates

Go to View > Set 2D View. Select XZ View at Y=0. If the points are not visible,
go to View > Set Display Options, and uncheck the box in front of Invisible and check the
box in front of Labels to appear joint numbers. (Note: If you have missed entering
coordinate of few nodes you can replicate it using an existing node.

pg. 6
Step 3: Set the Material Properties

3.1 Click the Define > Material to display define materials form.
3.2 Click 4000Psi > Modify/ show material to bring up the Material Property Data form.
3.3 Type the material name as Mat-1.
3.4 Material type Concrete as selected auto.
3.5 Set the Modulus of Elasticity to 24 GPa (=2.4x 107 kN/m2) and
Poisson’s ratio 0.2.
Set weight per unit volume 24 (mass per unit volume will be automatically
adjusted).
3.6 Click OK twice to accept the changes.
Step 4: Add Frame Object

4.1 Click the Define > Section Properties > Frame Sections command which will
display Frame Properties form.
4.2 Click Add new property to display add frame section property window. Select
Frame Section Property Type Concrete. Click to add concrete section
Rectangular.
4.3 In the Rectangular Section window, type Section Name as Beam-Bl and set
Material Mat-1. Enter dimensions Depth as 0.3 and width as 0.225. Click OK.
4.4 Repeat steps 4.2 and 4.3 to enter relevant frame properties for Beam-B2, Col-Cl
and Col-C2. Then Click OK to close Frame Properties window. (Table member
size in page 1)

pg. 7
 (Note: If you want to do any changes to the data you enter follow steps 4.1 and
select the frame you want to modify and click Modify/Show Property to display a
window in which you can do the changes. Then click OK)

Step 5: Draw the Object

5.1 Go to Draw > Draw Frame / Cable / Tendon. This will bring Properties of
Object window.
5.2 Select the section COL-C2 from the section drop down menu and draw the
element by clicking at the nodes (in anti-clockwise direction for 2D elements).
Click Esc key to move from element to element.
5.3 Repeat steps 5.1 and 5.2 to draw' all the elements by assigning frame types
Beam-Bl, Beam-B2, COL-C1 and COL-C2, as indicated in the problem.

(Note: If you have assigned a wrong frame, you can select it and delete using Delete key
and repeat steps 5.1 and 5.2 to reassigned correct frame type)
(select element > assign > frame > Frame section> select section you want and OK)

pg. 8
Step 6: Define Restraints

6.1 Select joints 1 to 4 and go to Assign > Joints > Restraints to bring up the Joint
Restraints form. Select pin support and click OK.

pg. 9
Step 7: Define Load Cases / Load Patterns and Assign Loads

7.1) Go to Define > Load Patterns command to bring up the Define Load Patterns
form.

7.2) Click on the edit box for the Load Pattern Name column. Type the name of the
new load, DEAD SPAN -1 select the Type of load from the drop-down list, DEAD.
Make sure the Weight Multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New Load Pattern
button to add DEAD SPAN -1 to the load patterns list. Same steps to be done for DEAD
SPAN -2 & DEAD SPAN -3 to the load patterns list.

7.3) Click on the edit box for the Load Pattern Name column. Type the name of
the new load, POINT LOADS 1, select the Type of load from the drop-down list,
DEAD. Make sure the self-weight multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New
Load Pattern button to add the POINT-LOADS 1 to the load pattern list. Same
steps to be done for POINT LOADS 2 and POINT-LOADS 3 to the load pattern
list.

7.4) Click on the edit box for the Load Pattern Name column. Type the name of
the new load, LIVE-SPAN -1, select the type of load from the drop-down list,
LIVE. Make sure the self-weight multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New Load
Pattern button to add LIVE-SPAN -1 to the load patterns list. Same steps to be
done for LIVE- SPAN -2 & LIVE- SPAN -3 to the load patterns list.

7.5) Click on the edit box for the Load Pattern Name column. Type the name of
the new load, WIND-LOADS select the Type of load from the drop down list,
WIND. Make sure the self-weight multiplier is set to zero. Click the Add New Load
Pattern button to add the WIND-LOADS to the load pattern list.

7.6) Click OK.

pg. 10
Assigning of dead load of 4.0 kN/m to beams B1 under load case DEAD SPAN 1, 2 & 3

7.7) Select the frame element type Beam-B1 in Span 1.

7.7.1 Click Assign > Frame LOADS > Distributed. This will bring the Frame
Distributed Loads window.

7.7.2 Select DEAD SPAN 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that the correct
working unit is selected.

7.7.3 Set Load Type and Direction to Forces, Coord. Sys to GLOBAL and
GRAVITY.

7.7.4 Type ‘4’ in Uniform Load edit box. Click OK. This will assign 4.0 kN/m
uniform load along top level beams in downward direction

7.7.5 Same steps to be done for other spans also except 7.7.2 (Load pattern name
should be change to DEAD SPAN 2 and DEAD SPAN 3)

pg. 11
Assigning of dead load of 5.0 kN/m to beams B2 under load case DEAD- SPAN 1, 2 & 3

7.8) Select frame elements type Beam-B2 in Span 1.

7.8.1 Click Assign > Frame Loads > Distributed. This will bring the Frame
Distributed Loads window.

7.8.2 Select DEAD SPAN 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that the correct
working unit is selected.

7.8.3 Set Load Type and Direction to Forces, Coord Sys to GLOBAL and GRAVITY.

7.8.4 Type ‘5’ in Uniform Load edit box. Click OK. This will assign 5.0 kN/m
uniform load along 2nd and 3rd level beams in downward direction.

7.8.5 Same steps to be done for other spans also except 7.8.2 (Load pattern name
should be change to DEAD SPAN 2 and DEAD SPAN 3)

Assigning of live load of 6.0 kN/m to beams B1 under load case LIVE- SPAN 1, 2 & 3

7.9) Select frame element type Beam-Bl in Span 1.

7.9.1 Click Assign> Frame Loads >Distributed. This will bring the Frame
Distributed Loads window.

7.9.2 Select LIVE- SPAN 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that the correct
working unit is selected.

7.9.3 Set Load Type and Direction to Forces, Coord Sys to GLOBAL and GRAVITY.

7.9.4 Type ‘6’ in Uniform Load edit box. Click OK. This will assign 6.0 kN/m
uniform load along top level beams in downward direction.

pg. 12
 7.9.5 Same steps to be done for other spans also except 7.9.2 (Load pattern name
should be change to LIVE- SPAN 2 and LIVE- SPAN 3)

Assigning of live load of 8.0 kN/m to beams B2 under load ease LIVE- SPAN 1, 2 & 3

7.10) Select frame elements type Beam-B2 in Span 1.

7.10.1 Click Assign > Frame Loads distributed. This will bring the Frame
Distributed Loads window.

7.10.2 Select LIVE- SPAN 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that the correct
working unit is selected.

7.10.3 Set Load Type and Direction to Forces, Coord Sys to GLOBAL and GRAVITY.

7.10.4 Type ‘8’ in Uniform Load edit box. Click OK. This will assign 8.0 kN/m uniform
load to top level beams in downward direction.

7.10.5 Same steps to be done for other spans also except 7.10.2 (Load pattern name
should be change to LIVE- SPAN 2 and LIVE- SPAN 3)

Assigning of Point loads P1, P2, P3 under load case POINT-LQADS SPAN 1, 2 &3

7.11) Select joints 13 and 16.

7.11.1 Click Assign > Joint Loads > Forces. This will bring the Joint Forces window.

7.11.2 Select POINT-LOADS 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that correct
working unit is selected.

7.11.3 Set Coordinate Sys to GLOBAL and assign (-18 kN) to Force Global Z and
Click OK.
pg. 13
7.12) Select joints 14 and 15.

7.12.1 Click Assign > Joint Loads > Forces. This will bring the Joint Forces window.

7.12.2 Select POINT-LOADS 2 from Load Pattern Name and verify that the
correct working unit is selected.

7.12.3 Set Coordinate Sys to GLOBAL and assign (-25 kN) to Force Global Z and
Click OK.

7.13) Select element connecting joints 14 and 15. (top level middle beam element).
Click Edit > Edit Lines > Divide Frames to bring Divide Selected Frames
window.
Type 2 in the Divide into edit box. Keep Last/First ratio as 1. This will divide the
selected element into two equal elements. Click OK. Then select the middle node.

7.13.1 Click Assign > Joint Loads > Forces. This will bring the Joint Forces window.

7.13.2 Select POINT-LOADS 3 from Load Case Name and verify that the
correct working unit is selected.

7.13.3 Set Coordinate Sys to GLOBAL and assign (-35 kN) to Force Global Z and
Click OK.

pg. 14
Assigning of wind load on first columns line under load case WIND-LOADS

7.14) Select the joint 2

7.14.1 Click Assign > Joint Loads > Forces. This will bring the joint forces
window.

7.14.2 Select WIND-LOADS from Load Pattern Name and verify that the
correct working unit is selected.

7.14.3 Set Coordinate Sys to GLOBAL and assign 7 kN to Force Global X and
Click OK.

7.14.4 Same procedure to be done for other nodes too.

pg. 15
Step 8: Define Load Combinations

8.1 Go to Define > LOAD Combinations command to bring up Define LOAD

Combinations window.

Creating Load combination Comb-1

8.2 Click Add New Combo ....... to open a window named Load Combination Data.

8.3 Type Comb-1 in Load Combination Name edit box. Select Linear Add for Load
Combination Type.

8.4 Select DEAD SPAN 1 under the Load Case Name in Define Combination of
Load Case Results. Type 1.0 in Scale Factor edit box and click Add. Similarly Add
the all Load Cases except WIND-LOADS case and Click OK.

pg. 16
Creating Load combination Comb-2

8.5 Click Add New Combo ....... to open a window named Load Combination Data.

8.6 Type Comb-2 in Load Combination Name edit box.

8.7 Select DEAD SPAN 1 under the Load Case Name in Define Combination of
Load Case Results. Type 1.4 in Scale Factor edit box and click Add.

8.8 Similarly Add required load cases with appropriate Scale Factors according to
Comb-2 in page 2 and Click OK.

8.9 repeat same procedure to create other four combinations.

pg. 17
Step 9: Run the Analysis

9.1 Save the model

9.2 Go to Analyze >Run Analysis to bring up the Set Load Case to Run form.

9.3 Note that program has created fifteen analysis cases (DEAD, MODAL,
DEAD-SPAN (1,2 &3), LIVE-SPAN (1,2 & 3), POINT-LOADS (1,2, & 3),
WIND-LOADS to). Select MODAL and click Run/Do Not Run Case button
to set the action to Do Not Run.

9.4 Click the Run Now button.

9.5 When the analysis is finished, the message ANALYSIS COMPLETE will be
displayed. Then click OK.

pg. 18
Step 10: View the Results

10.1 Go to Display > Show Forces / Stresses > Frames/Cables command to bring
up the element forces form. Select Comb-1 for the case name and required
component (axial force, shear 2-2, Moment 3-3, etc.). Click OK to see the results in
graphical form.

10.2 Go to Display > Show Deform Shape to see deform shape under each load
case/load combination from dropdown list.

pg. 19
Note: Exercise 02 is an extension of exercise 01. This exercise is designed to
introduce how to modify existing model (SAP file) by inserting additional
members, loadings and restraints. This instruction sheet does not contain all the
sub steps explained in the instruction sheet-01. You are advised to refer
instruction sheet-01 for already explained steps.

Exercise 02: Analysis of 2D frame using SAP2000

Step 1: Open model from exercise 01 and save it as exercise 02

1.1 Go to File >Open to open exercise 0l.SDB which is the model you saved in
exercise 01.

1.2 Go to File > Save As. Then locate the directory you wish to save the file and
save it under different name (e.g., exercise 02)

Step 2: Creating New Frame

2.1 Select all the elements of the original frame

2.2 Go to Edit > Replicate to open replicate window. Type 5 in edit box of
increment dy. Set increment data to 1. Click OK.

2.3 Go to View > Set 3D View. Click 3D and click OK. Now you will see the new
frame you pasted 5.0 m apart from the original frame in direction Y. The material
type, frame section details, restraints if any and loading of this frame are as same as
those of the original frame.

pg. 20
Step 3: Draw the Object Frame Object along Y-direction

Frames at level 1 (4.0 m above base)

3.1 Go to View > Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 4 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 1.

3.2 Go to Draw > Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon. This will bring Properties of

Object window.

3.3 Select the section BEAM-B2 from the drop-down menu and draw the element
by clicking at the nodes. Click Esc key to move from element to element.

3.4 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 7 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 2.

3.5 Repeat steps 3.2 and 3.3.

3.6 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 10 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 3

3.7 Repeat steps 3.2 and 3.3 with BEAM-B1.

Step 4: Define Restraints

No need to define restraints for new frame as replicate command was used to create
it. Go to View > Set 3D View. Click 3D and click OK. Then you will see that the
restraints at the base have been defined.

pg. 21
Step 5: Define Load Cases and Assign Loads
(Only new loads need to be assigned since loads assigned for the original frame are
copied with replicate command. You can verify the already assigned load cases
graphically by clicking Display > Show Load Assigns > Joint or
Frame/Cable/Tendon and then selecting required Load Pattern Name in Show
Frame Load window. Then click OK)

Assigning of Point loads P4 (=20 kN) under load ease POINT-LOAD 1

5.1 Select joints 16.

5.2 Click Assign>Joint Loads>Forces. This will bring the Joint Forces window.

5.3 Select POINT LOADS 1 from Load Pattern Name and verify that correct
working unit is selected.

5.4 Set Coordinate Sys to GLOBAL and Force Global Y to 20 kN. Click
check box Add to Existing loads under Options. Click OK.
(Check load cases POINT LOAD 1 graphically in 3D view by clicking
Display>Show Load Assigns>Joint and then selecting load case POINT-LOAD
1 in check box Load Pattern Name then clicking OK)

Step 6: Define Load Combinations

No need to define load combinations again as new loadings were entered under
existing load cases from which load combinations have been previously defined.

Step 7: Run the Analysis

7.1 Save the model

7.2 Go to Analyze > Run Analysis to bring up the Set Load Case to Run form.

pg. 22
7.3 Note that program has created fifteen analysis cases (DEAD, MODAL,
DEAD-SPAN (1,2 &3), LIVE-SPAN (1,2 & 3), POINT-LOADS (1,2, & 3),
WIND-LOADS to). Select MODAL and click Run/Do Not Run Case button to
set the action to Do Not Run.

7.4 Click the Run Now button.

7.5 When the analysis is finished, the message ANALYSIS COMPLETE will be
displayed. Then click OK.

Step 8: View the Results

8.1 Go to Display > Show Forces/Stresses > Frames/Cables command to bring
up the element forces form. Select Comb-1 for the case name and required
component (axial force, shear 2-2, Moment 3-3, etc.). Click OK to see the
results in graphical form.

8.2 Go to Display > Show Deform Shape to see deform shape under each load
case/load combination from drop down list.

pg. 23
Note: Exercise 03 is an extension of exercise 02. This exercise is designed to introduce
how to modify existing model (SAP file) by inserting two dimensional elements such as
plate and shells, applying uniform area loads on slabs, and to examine mesh sensitivity on
results. This instruction sheet does not contain all the sub steps explained in the instruction
sheet-01 and -02. You are advised to refer instruction sheets-01 and -02 for already
explained steps.

Exercise 03: Analysis of 2D frame using SAP2000

Step 1; Open model from exercise 02 arid save it as exercise 03

1.1 Go to File > Open to open exercise02.SDB which is the model you saved in
exercise 02.

1.2 Go to File > Save As to save it under different name (e.g., exercise 03)

Step 2: Add Area Object

2.1 Click the Define > Section Properties > Area Sections command which will
display Area Sections form.

2.2 Select Shell in Select Section Types to Add. Then click Add New Section.

2.3 In Shell Section Data window, type Section Name as Slab-1 and Choose Shell-
Thin in Type check box. Select Material Name Mat-1 from drop down list. Enter
thicknesses Membrane as 0.125 and Bending as 0.125. Click OK.

2.4 Repeat steps 2.1 and 2.2 by entering Section Name Slab-2, Material Mat-1 and
thicknesses 0.15. Click OK twice.

pg. 24
Step 3: Draw the Object Poly Area
Draw slab-1 at level 1 (Z=4.0m)

3.1 Go to View > Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 4 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 1.

3.2 Go to Draw>Draw Poly Area. This will bring Properties of Object window.

3.3 Select the section Slab-1 from the drop-down menu and draw the element by
clicking at the nodes starting from lower left node in anti-clockwise direction and
double click on last node.

3.4 Select all three panels.

3.5 Go to Edit > Edit Areas > Divide Areas to bring up Divide Selected Areas window.
Type 4 in edit boxes of Along Edge from Points 1 to 2 and Along Edge from Points 1
to 3. Click OK. You will see refined mesh, (the panel has been divided into 4x4
elements).

Draw slab-2 at level 2 (Z=7.0m)

3.6 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 7 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 2.

3.7 Go to Draw>Draw Poly Area. This will bring Properties of Object window.

3.8 Select the section Slab-1 from the drop-down menu and draw the element.

3.9 Select all three panels.

pg. 25
3.10 Go to Edit> Edit Areas>Divide Areas to bring up Divide Selected Areas
window. Type 4 in edit boxes of Along Edge from Points 1 to 2 and Along Edge
from Points 1 to 3. Click OK. You will see refined mesh.

Draw slab-3 at level 3 (Z=10.0m)

3.11 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 10 in the edit box.
Click OK. Now you will see plan view at level 3.

3.12 Go to Draw>Draw Poly Area. This will bring Properties of Object window.

3.13 Select the section Slab-2 from the drop-down menu and draw the element.
Remember to draw two area elements in middle panels as it has two additional
nodes.

3.14 Select the two middle panels

3.15 Go to Edit> Edit Areas >Divide Areas to bring up Divide Selected Areas
window. Type 2 in edit boxes of Along Edge from Points 1 to 2 and 4 in Along
Edge from Points 1 to 3. Click OK.

3.16 Select the two end panels.

3.17 Go to Edit> Edit Areas> Divide Areas to bring up Divide Selected Areas
window. Type 4 in edit boxes of Along Edge from Points 1 to 2 and Along Edge
from Points 1 to 3, Click OK. You will see refined mesh, (the panel has been
divided into 4x4 elements).

pg. 26
Step 4: Assign Loads
Assign live load (2.0 kN/m2) to Slab-1

4.1 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 4 in the edit box. Click
OK. Now you will see plan view at level 1.

4.2 Select all the area elements in span 1.

4.3 Go to Assign>Area Loads>Uniform (Shell). This will open Area Uniform

Loads window.

4.4 Select LIVE- SPAN 1 form drop down Load Case Name list. Type 2 in Load
edit box, Select Coord. System to Gravity. Click OK.

4.5 Again, Select all the area elements in span 1

4.6 Go to Assign>Area Loads>Uniform (Shell). This will open Area Uniform

Loads window.

4.7 Select DEAD SPAN -1 form drop down Load Case Name list. Type 3 in Load

edit box, Select Coord. System to Gravity. Click OK.

4.8 Same steps to be done for other spans and to level 2 slab (Slab-2).

(Note: Here we add area live loads to load cases LIVE- SPAN 1, 2 & 3 so that new
area loads are automatically incorporated to all the load combinations through load
cases LIVE- SPAN 1, 2 & 3)

Assigning live load (3.0 kN/m2) to Slab-3

4.9 Go to View>Set 2D View. Select X-Y Plane and type 10 in the edit box.
Click OK. Now you will see plan view at level 3.

4.10 Select all the area elements in span 1 and Go to Assign>Area

Loads>Uniform (Shell). This will open Area Uniform Loads window.

pg. 27
4.11 Select LIVE- SPAN 1 form drop down Load Case Name list. Type 3 in
Load edit box, Select Coord System to Gravity. Click OK.

4.12 Again, Select all the area elements in span 1 and Go to Assign>Area
Loads>Uniform (Shell). This will open Area Uniform Loads window.

4.13 Select DEAD SPAN -1 form drop down Load Case Name list. Type 3.6 in
Load edit box, Select Coord System to Gravity. Click OK.

4.14 Same steps to be done for other spans.

Step 5: Define Load Combinations

No need to define load combinations again as new loadings were entered under
existing load cases from which load combinations were defined.

Step 6: Run the Analysis

6.1 Save the model

6.2 Go to Analyze >Run Analysis to bring up the Set Load Cases to Run form.

6.3 Note that program has created fifteen analysis cases (DEAD, MODAL,
DEAD-SPAN (1,2 &3), LIVE-SPAN (1,2 & 3), POINT-LOADS (1,2, & 3),
WIND-LOADS to). Select MODAL and click Run/Do Not Run Case
button to set the action to Do Not Run.

6.4 When the analysis is finished, the message ANALYSIS COMPLETE will be
displayed. Then click OK.

pg. 28
Step 7: View the Results

7.1 Go to Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Frames/Cables command to bring up

the Member forces Diagrams for Frames form. Select Comb-1 for the case name
and required component (axial force, shear 2-2, Moment 3-3, etc.). Click OK to see
the results in graphical form.

7.2 Go to Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Shells command to bring up the

Member Force Diagrams form. Select Comb-1 for the case name and required
component (select shell stresses in component type check box to see S 11, S22,
S12, etc). Click OK to see the results in graphical form.
Go to Display>Show Deform Shape to see deform shape under each load case/load
combination from drop down list.

pg. 29