Physical Science

Quarter 3 – Module 9:
Use of the Other Ingredients in
Cleaning Agents
Physical Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 9: Use of the Other Ingredients in Cleaning Agents
First Edition, 2020

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 Physical Science
Quarter 3 – Module 13:
Use of the Other Ingredients in
Cleaning Agents
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed for you to give the use of other ingredients in cleaning
agents. (S11/12PS-IIIi-j-32)
1. Identify ingredients present in cleaning products other than active ingredients.
2. Enumerate the different functions of additive ingredients.
3. Express the importance of practicing cleanliness.

What I Know

Direction: Identify the correct answer. Write the letter of the best answer. Use a separate
sheet of paper.
_____1. What is a part of a solution that increases the quantity of the cleaning agents?
a. solvent b. solute c. fragrance d. builders
_____2. Which ingredient mask has a putrid smell and is used particularly in the bathroom?
a. builder b. fragrance enhancers c. solvent d. solute
_____3. Which ingredient removes the fragrance of a product applicable to sensitive users?
a. builders b. masking agents c. preservatives d. bubble enhancers
_____4. What is the ingredient that enhances the covered area of surfactants in detergent?
a. preservatives b. masking agents c. bubble enhancers d. none of these
_____5. It is an ingredient in cleaning products that removes bacteria.
a. preservatives c. masking agents
b. bubble enhancers c. d. antimicrobial agents
_____6. Which ingredient is needed by cleaning agents that are stored for a long period to
keep the active ingredient functional?
a. preservatives b. masking agents c. bubble enhancers d. none of these
_____7. These are substances that prevent other contaminants from reacting with the active
ingredient in the detergent.
a. builder b. fragrance enhancers c. solvent d. solute
_____8. Which ingredient may come in the form of salts, organic reagents, or buffers that
maintain pH balance?
a. preservatives b. masking agents c. bubble enhancers d. none of these
_____9. In a solution, ethanol is 40% solution while bleach is 5% solution, what is ethanol?
a. Solute b. solvent c. builder d. none of these
_____10. Which of the following is not an added ingredient of detergents?
a. Fragrance enhancer c. preservative
b. Bubble enhancer d. none of these

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 Lesson
Use of the Other Ingredients
1 in Cleaning Agents
Everywhere and almost all the time, we use cleaning agents. These would
include powder detergents, bleaching agents, solvent cleaners, acid cleaners, etc. Are
you wondering why detergent and bleach vary in scent? Do you know why they last
longer unlike the food we eat? Are you aware of the reason why cleaning agents have
bubbles? Were you able to look at the labels and identify the ingredients of cleaning
agents?

In this module, you will know other ingredients present in cleaning agents.
You will know why cleaning products have a favorable scent, can clean, produce
bubbles, and do not spoil or rot. Continue reading!

What’s In

Do you still remember the active ingredients present in common household

cleaning products? Let’s see!

Direction: Write T if the analogy is correct and F if it is wrong. Use a separate

sheet in answering the questions.

_____1. Detergents: sodium alkyl

_____2. Drain cleaner: alcohol

_____3. Disinfectant: lye

_____4. Bleach: Sodium hypochlorite

_____5. Facial toner: alcohol

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 What’s New

Direction: Answer the questions below. Use a separate sheet in answering the
questions and the table.

1. Why is it important to keep your house clean?

2. Write the name of the product that you use to clean the specific area of your
home. Fill in the table below.
Bathroom Living Room Bedroom Kitchen

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 What is it?

Active ingredients are substances that directly help in achieving the

performance objective of a certain product and intended to furnish the specified
activity or effect. It is just a part of the entire mixture. There are other components
or ingredients of cleaning products which have specific purposes. The problem is that
these additional ingredients may pose harm to those having allergic reactions.

Cleaning agents are very helpful in making the house clean and free from
viruses and bacteria. However, there are lots of harmful ingredients that may hurt
us or cause allergic reactions.

Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide are strong bases found in some

cleaning agents. Alkaline cleaning agents include bleach (pH 12) and ammonia (pH
11). Alkaline agent adds some harmful chemicals like dispersants to dissolve dirt
and chelant to remove rust. See how harsh these chemicals that are added to the
cleaning products.

A cleaning agent is considered as having additive ingredients that have some

functions in the product whether it is an active or an inactive ingredient.

Some functions of additive ingredients include solvents, fragrance enhancers,

masking agents, builders, preservatives, antimicrobial agents, and bubble
enhancers.

A. Solvents
A solvent is often used to increase the quantity of the cleaning agent. The
solvent is used to dilute the cleaning agent, so it is present in greater amount. For
instance, ethanol could have 40% solution while bleach can be present in as low as
5% solution.

B. Fragrance enhancers
Fragrance enhancers are added to products to removes the unwanted odor
like bathroom cleaners. Fragrances form essential oils. Here are seven of the most
popular scents that are used in cleaning and household products, Forest Rain, Sea
Blossom, Fresh Breeze, Citrus Nectar, Green Bamboo, Lavender Orchards, and Lush
Lemongrass.

C. Masking agents
Masking agents are used to remove fragrance. For sensitive users or prone to allergic
reactions, scents are being masked but not removed so the molecule of fragrance is
still in the product. Toxins may still be there; they are just being masked.

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D. Builders
Builders are present in detergents. Builders are substances that prevent other
contaminants from reacting with the active ingredient in the detergent. These
ingredients are mineral salts that increase the cleaning power by raising the
alkalinity or pH of a product. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a builder. Common
builders include sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, and sodium hydroxide.

E. Preservatives
To keep the active ingredient functional and to maintain the pH balance, cleaning
agents must have preservatives. These may come in the form of salts and organic
reagents. The examples are isothiazolones, bronopol, and aldehydes which include
formaldehyde releasers and glutaraldehyde.

F. Antimicrobial reagents
Microbes that cause infection or degradation also grow in cleaning products. For that
reason, cleaning agents must also have antimicrobial ingredients. This also helps in
preserving the appearance of the product.

G. Bubble enhancers
Enhancing the covered area of the surfactant is the effect of the addition of bubble
enhancers. The formation of foam/bubbles facilitates the surfactant by adding in
the accumulation of unwanted particles. An example is CD-Amide (Bubble
Enhancer). This helps increase the amount of foam and the size of the bubbles.

What’s More

I believe that you had understood the lesson well. To test how well you can do in the
succeeding activities, answer the questions below.

True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write the
answer on your answer sheet.

_____1. The formation of foam/bubbles facilitates the surfactant and helps clean
dirt. This is possible because of the added perfume to the cleaning product.

_____2. Builders are substances that prevent other contaminants from reacting with
the active ingredient in the detergent.

_____3. Cleaning agents do not need preservatives. They are not food so they do not
spoil. Their active ingredients will remain the same for a long period of time without
preservatives.

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_____4. Microbes that cause infection or degradation do not grow in cleaning
products. The appearance of the product will be preserved without antimicrobial
additives.

_____5. Fragrance enhancers are added to cleaning products to remove the

unwanted odor like bathroom cleaners. Essential oils are the fragrances they use.

What I Have Learned

Job well done! This time I want you to work on the table below. Using what you have
learned, fill in the table will all the necessary information needed.

Additive Ingredients of Cleaning Function

Products

1. Fragrance enhancers

2. Masking Agents

3. Builders

4. Preservatives

5. Antimicrobial Agents

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 What I Can Do

Nice work! It appears you have learned a lot in our lesson.

Direction: Identify the additive ingredient corresponding the description below.

_____1. An additive ingredient that may come in the form of salts and organic
reagents used to maintain the pH level of the product

_____2. These are added to products to remove the unwanted odor and are from
essential oils.

_____3. What additive ingredient is used to mask the scents of the cleaning products
so that sensitive users to scents will be protected and avoid having allergic reactions.

_____4. Which substances prevent other contaminants from reacting with the active
ingredient in the detergent.

_____5. These additives enhance the formation of foam/bubbles and facilitate the
surfactant by adding in the accumulation of unwanted particles.

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 Assessment

Congratulations! You are almost finished with this module. To finally assess how
much you have learned, do the activity below!
Direction: Identify the correct answer. Write the letter of the best answer on the space
provided before the number. Use a separate sheet of paper.

_____1. What is a part of a solution that increases the quantity of the cleaning agents?
a. solvent b. solute c. fragrance d. builders
_____2. Which ingredient removes the fragrance of a product applicable to sensitive users?
a. builders b. masking agents c. preservatives d. bubble
enhancers
_____3. What is the ingredient that enhances the covered area of surfactants in detergent?
a. preservatives c. bubble enhancers
b. masking agents d. none of these
_____4. It is an ingredient in cleaning products that removes bacteria.
a. preservatives c. masking agents
b. bubble enhancers d. antimicrobial agents
_____5. These are substances that prevent other contaminants from reacting with the active
ingredient in the detergent.
a. builder b. fragrance enhancers c. solvent d. solute
_____6. Which of the following product does not belong to the group?
a. Citrus nectar c. baking soda
b. Green Bamboo d. Lush Lemongrass
_____7. Builders are substances that prevent other contaminants from reacting with the
active ingredient in the detergent. Which is an example of builders?
a. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
b. Sea Blossom
c. Formaldehyde
d. CD-Amide
_____8. Which is an additive of cleaning products in which its examples are isothiazolones,
bronopol, and aldehydes?
a. Fragrance enhancer c. Builders
b. Preservatives d. Masking agents
_____9. These additives have ingredients that increase the cleaning power by raising the
alkalinity or pH of a product.
a. Fragrance enhancer c. Builders
b. Preservatives d. Masking agents
_____10. CD-Amide is an example of which cleaning agent additive?
a. Preservative c. Masking agent
b. Builder d. Bubble enhancer

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 Additional Activities

Match the Pair: Match column A with column B. Write the letters on your answer
sheet.
A B

1. Fragrance enhancer a. sodium bicarbonate

2. Builders b. essential oils

3. Preservative c. CD Amide

4. Antimicrobial agent d. formaldehyde

5. Bubble enhancer e. alcohol

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 12
Additional Assessment:
Activities:
What I Have Learned 1. A
1. B
2. B
2. A
1. Fragrance 3. C
3. D
enhancers-to 4. D
4. E
remove the 5. A
5. C
unwanted
6. C
odor
2. Masking 7. A
agents- used 8. B
to remove 9. C
fragrance 10. D
3. Builders-
prevent other
contaminants
from reacting
with the active
ingredient
4. Preservatives-
to keep the
active
ingredient
functional and
to maintain
the pH
balance
5. Antimicrobial
agents-
preserving the
appearance of
the product.
What I Know:
What’s In:
What’s More: 1. A 10.D
1. T 2. B
1. F 2. F 3. B
4. C
2. T 3. F 5. D
3. F 4. T 6. A
5. F 7. A
4. F 8. A
5. T 9. B
10. A
Answer Key
References
Ezez. 2020. "Other Uses of Ingredients in Cleaning Agents". Link.quipper.com.
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/5468b9422294ee084400012c/
curriculum#curriculum.

Caballes, Dennis G. Physical Science, Pasay City, Philippines: JFS Publishing

Services, 2016

ScienceDaily. 2020. Exposure To Cleaning Products In First 3 Months Of Life

Increases Risk Of Childhood Asthma. [online] Available at:
<https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200218182154.htm>

Cardenas, E., 2007. Herbal Essences - Color Me Happy: Back. [image] Available at:
<https://www.flickr.com/photos/eliazar/581645194>

2016. Close-Up Of Baking Soda On Spoon.. [image] Available at:

<https://www.flickr.com/photos/aquamech-utah/24978791011>

2011. Bronopol Skeletal. [image] Available at:

<https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bronopol_skeleta
l.svg>

n.d. Cleaning_Agent. [image] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent#/media/File:Fabuloso_mult
ipurpose_cleaner.jpg>

2005. Carbodiimide Amide Coupling Scheme. [image] Available at:

<https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Carbodiimide_A
mide_Coupling_Scheme.png>

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

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Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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