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1 DESIGN DATA
Design Code : API 650, 10th Edition, ADD. 4, 2005, Appendices F, S & V
Client's Specs. : PIP VESTA 002
Item No. : TK-59301
Description : Acetone Storage Tank
Material : A 240 Type 304L
Density of Contents Dc = 791 kg./m3
Specific Gravity of Contents G = 0.791
Material's Yield Strength ( At Design Temp.) Fym = 148 MPa ( As Per Table S-5)
Design Temperature T = 90 o
C
Operating Temperature T = 35 o
C
Design Internal Pressure Pi = 4.00 kPa = 20.32 in. of content
Design External Pressure Pe = 0.90 kPa = 4.57 in. of content
High Liquid Level Hl = 16.75 m
Design Liquid Level *HL1 = 17.587 m
Allowable Design Stress ( At Design Temp.) Sd = 132 MPa (As Per Table S-2)
Allowable Hydrostatic Stress at Test Temp. St = 155 MPa ( As Per Table S-2)
Corrosion Allowance
Bottom = 0.00 mm
Shell = 0.00 mm
Roof = 0.00 mm
Structure = 0.00 mm
Slope of Tank Roof = 9.46 degree
Outside Dia. of Tank Do = 20.930 m
Inside Dia. of Tank Di = 20.900 m
Nominal Tank Dia.= Di + Shell Thk. = D = 20.915 m
Height of Shell H = 18.00 m
Weight of Top Compression Ring Wc = 84.72 kN
Weight of Accessories on Shell (Stair, Ins., Clips & Nozzles etc.) Wsa = 100.00 kN (Assumed)
Weight of Roof Attachments (Platform, Ins., Handrail & Nozzles etc.) Wra = 50.00 kN (Assumed)
Design Wind Velocity V = 155 kph
Modulus of Elasticity @ Design Temp. E = 189000 MPa (As Per Table S-6)
Yield Strength of Steel Structure (Ladder, platform, etc.) Fy = 250.00 MPa
Live Load on Roof Lr = 1.20 kPa (PIP VESTA002, 3.2.D)
*Including Static Head Due To Internal Pressure & Liquid Head due to rise of liquid in Rim Portion (in punctured condition).
The required shell plates thickness shall be greater of the values computed by following formulas.
The minimum thickness of shell plate as per App. S, Clause S.3.2, shall be computed using following formula.
NOTE: Minimum shell thickness requirement is fulfilled for the top most shell course.
Shell Table - 1
Shell Course # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Shell Width (m) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Uncorroded Shell Thk. (mm) 15.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
Corrroded Shell Thk.(mm) 15.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
Uncorroded Shell Weight (KN) 154.70 144.39 123.76 103.13 82.51 61.88 61.88 61.88 61.88
Corroded Shell Weight (KN) 154.70 144.39 123.76 103.13 82.51 61.88 61.88 61.88 61.88
For calculation of compression area, please refer to Roof Design as per API 620, Section 8 of this document.
Total Cross-Sectional Area Provided = 16430 mm2
Weight of Curb Angle ( Uncorroded) = 84.72 KN
Weight of Curb Angle ( Corroded) = 84.72 KN
As the sum of force due to total design external pressure is less than the sum of the weights of the bottom plate
and min. liquid level in the tank, membrane stresses need not be evaluated (As per V.9.1 of API 650).
4) INTERMEDIATE WIND GIRDER (API 650 Sec. 3.9.7)
The maximum height of the unstiffened shell shall be calculated as follows:
[As Htr < H1, Intermediate Wind Girders are not required]
5) Verification of Unstiffened Shell Against External Pressure (As Per Appendix V of API 650)
For unstiffened shells elastic buckiling will occur if following criterion is satisfied as per V.8.1.1
Therefore,
0.0353 > 0.00675
The design external pressure for an unstiffened tanks shell shall not exceed: (V.8.1.2)
Ps ≤ E
45609 ( HTS / D ) ( D/tsmin) 2.5
Where
W = 0.0000333 ( V )2 x ( Kg ) x ( Kh ) (V.3.1)
Kg = Wind gust factor = 1.1
Kh = Wind height factor = 1.1
So,
W = 0.968 kPa
C1 = Pe = 0.900 kPa
C2 = W + 0.4Pe = 1.328 kPa
[As Ps exceeds the allowable external pressure, hence, shell must be stiffened.]
Minimum shell thickness required for a specified design external pressure is (V.8.1.3)
[The minimum shell thickness provided is not sufficient. Stiffeners are required.]
tsmin = 6 mm
E = 189000 MPa
D = 20.915 m
Ps = 1.328 kPa
Hsafe = 2.88 m
[Safe height is less than the transformed height, so, stiffeners are required]
N = 8.98 ~ 10
Q = 1000 x Ps x Ls (V.8.2.2.3)
= 3429 N/m
Required Moment of Inertia, Ireq'd = ( 37.5 Q D3 ) / ( E ( N2 - 1 ) )
The actual moment of inertia of the intermediate stiffener ring region will consist of the combined moment of inertia of the
intermediate stiffener and the shell within a contributing distance on each side of the intermediate stiffener.
Shell Contribution
Areq'd = ( Q D ) / ( 2 fc ) (V.8.2.2.6.1)
where
fc = smallest of the allowable compressive stresses of the roof , shell, bottom or stiffener ring material at design temperature
fc = 0.4 x Fy for intermediate stiffing regions but not less than 103 MPa.
= 100 MPa
Use fc = 103 MPa
Required Cross-Sectional Area of the Intermediate Stiffener Structural Shape, Astiff = Areq'd - 26.84 tshell SQRT ( D tshell )
Provided Stiffener
L 90 mm 90 mm 6 mm
Self Supported Externally Stiffened Conical Roof As Per API 650, Sec. 3.10.5
To avoid the higher thickness of roof plate, the roof is being designed as externally stiffeneed conical roof.
As the design of this type of roof is not directly addressed in API 650 due to its unconventional nature, therefore,
the roof design is carried out on FEA based engineering software STAAD PRO 2007.
Used Thickness = 6 mm
Corroded Thickness = 6 mm
Stiffening Members = W10x19
Quantity Inner Ring = 40 Nos.
Outer Ring = 20 Nos.
Intermediate Ring = 1 Nos.
6.1) Compression Area Verification Against external Pressure (As calculated above ) (As per Appendix V of API 650)
T1 = DL + (Lr or S) + 0.4 Pe
Greater of
T2 = DL + Pe + 0.4 (Lr or S)
Ar = 125 * Pr * D2 / (f * tan θ)
Ar = 6154 mm2
Length of Cone Roof participating in Compression Region (based on provided thickened plate) V.7.2.3
6.2 ) Compression Area Verification againt Internal Pressure (As per 3.10.5.2)
Ar = D2
( T / 2.2)
0.432 Sin Ө
Ar = 6932 mm2
Net Uplift = Internal Pressure - (Corroded Weight of Roof, Shell, Curb Angle & Attachments)
= 1372.28 - 1354.96
= 17.32 KN
Mw = P1xH/2
MPi = Pi x A X D/2
MDL = (Wt of shell + roof + bottom) x D/2
The wind load presure on projected area of cylinderical surfaces = 0.86 kN/m2 = 18.0 psf (API 650, Chapter 3, Clause 3.2.1 (f))
This presure is for wind velocity of 120 mph (190 Km/hr), for all other wind velocities the presure shall be adjusted in proportion of ratio (V/190)2
Wind Presure on vertical plane surfaces = 0.86 kN/m2 (API 650, Chapter 3, Clause 3.2.1 (f))
Wind Presure on vertical conical surfaces = 1.44 kN/m2 (API 650, Chapter 3, Clause 3.2.1 (f))
Fwind = Vf (Wind Pressure on Roof x Projected Area of Roof + Wind Pressure on Shell x Projected Area of Shell)
= 233.11 kN (API 650, Chapter 3, Clause 3.2.1 (f))
10) Stability Calculations Against Seismic Load (As per API 650 Add. 4, 2005 )
Effective impulse weight of the liquid Wi = [1.0 - 0.218 (D/H)] W p (When D/H < 1.333) As per Equation E-14
ANCHOR CHAIR DESIGN
REFERENCE:
NOMENCLATURE:
a c
j g j
BOTTOM PLATE
BCD
TANK ID
f e
t
BOTTOM PLATE
SHELL INSIDE
e
b
f
DATA
t= 0.236 in. 6 mm
R= 41.339 in. 1050 mm
P= 3.70 kips 16.46 kN
Earthquake considered = Y
Wind over 100 mph = Y Y = Yes, N = No
Continuous ring at top = N
GEOMETRY a= 6.000 in. 152.4 mm
b= 7.874 in. 200 mm
c= 0.315 in. 8 mm
d= 1.063 in. 27 mm
e= 3.701 in. 94 mm [Satisfactory]
* emin1 = 2.500 in. 50.0 mm
** emin2 = 1.514 in. 38.5 mm [Not Applicable]
f= 1.969 in. 50 mm [Satisfactory]
fmin = 0.656 in. 16.675 mm
*** g = 3.937 in. 100 mm [Satisfactory]
gpreferred = 2.063 in. 52.4 mm
**** h = 12.000 in. 304.8 mm [Satisfactory]
hmin = 12.000 in. 304.8 mm
hmax = 18.000 in. 457.2 mm
j= 0.551 in. 14.0 mm [Satisfactory]
*****jmin = 0.500 in. 12.7 mm jmin = Max [1/2 in., 0.04 ( h - c )]
k= 4.921 in. 125 mm
L= 0.551 in. 14 mm
0. 5
P
[
c= ( 0. 375 g−0 .22 d )
Sf ]
c= 0.31 in. 7.8 mm
cused = 0.31 in. 8 mm [Satisfactory]
The thickness of top plate has been calculated based on 25 ksi stress value.
Actual stress in the top plate which occurs between the hole and the free edge of the plate can be evaluated
using the following expression:
P
S= (0 . 375 g−0 . 22 g )
fc 2
1. 0
Z=
0 . 177 am m 2
√ Rt t ( )
+1 . 0
Z= 0.926
[ ]
Pe 1. 32Z 0.031
S= +
t 2 1.43ah 2 0 . 333 √ Rt
+ ( 4 ah2 )
Rt
Assembly of Chair
For field erected structures, ship either the top plate or the entire chair loose for installation after the
structure is sitting over the anchor bolts.
Where base plate is welded to the shell in the shop, attach side plates in the shop and ship top plate loose
for field assembly.
Where base or bottom plate is not welded to shell in the shop, as for flat bottom tanks, shop attach side
plates to top plates and then ship the assembly for field installation.When you do this, weld both sides at
top of side plates so shrinkage will not pull side plate out of square. See figure:
WELDING
Welds between chair and shell must be strong enough to transmit load to shell. 1/4 in. minimum fillet welds
are nearly adequate, but should be checked if a large anchor bolt with a low chair height has been provided.
Seal welding may be desired for application in corrosive environments.
P
W v=
a+2 h
Wv = 0.12 kips per lin. in. of weld
Pe
W H=
ah+0 . 667 h2
WH = 0.08 kips per lin. in. of weld
√
W = W 2+ W
V H2
For an allowable stress of 13.6 ksi on a fillet weld, the allowable load per lin. In. is 13.6 x 0.707 = 9.6
kips per in. of weld size. For weld size w, in., the allowable load therefore is 9.6w >= W
8) Roof Thickness and Compression Area Verification As Per API 620
Nomenclature
Pg = gas pressure, in lbf/in.2 gauge, above the surface of the liquid. The maximum
gas pressure (not exceeding 15 lbf/in.2 gauge) is the nominal pressure rating
of the tank. Pg is the positive except in computations used to investigate
the ability of a tank to withstand a partial vacuum; in such
computations; its value is negative,
T1 = meridional unit force, in lbf/in. of latitudinal arc, in the wall of the tank
at the level of the tank under consideration.
T1 is positive when in tension,
T2 = latitudinal unit force, in lbf/in. of maridional arc, in the wall of the tank
under consideration. T2 is positive when in tension.(in cylinderical
sidewalls the latitudinal unit forces are circumfrential unit forces.),
R2 = length, in in., of the normal to the tank wall at the level under
consideration, measured from the wall of the tank to the axis of the
revolution. R2 is always positive except as provided in 5.10.2.6
W = total weight, in lb, of that portion of the tank and its contents (either
above the level under consideration, as in figure 5-4, panel b, or
below it, as in figure 5-4 panel a) that is treated as a free-body in the
computations for that level. Strictly speaking, the total weight would
include the weight of all metal, gas, and liquid in the portion of the
tank treated as described; however, the gas weight is negligible and
the metal weight may be negligible compared with the liquid weight.
W shall be given the same sign as P when it acts in the same
direction as the pressure on the horizontal face of the free-body;
it shall be given the opposite sign when it acts in the opposite
direction,
th = thickness, in in., of the roof or bottom plate at and near the juncture of the
roof or bottom and sidewalls, including corrosion allowance,
R2 = length in in., of the normal to the roof or bottom at the juncture between
the roof or bottom and the sidewalls, measured from the roof or bottom to
the tank's vertical axis of of revolution,
T1 = meridional unit force (see 5.10) in the roof or bottom of the tank at its
juncture with the sidewall, in lbf/in. of circumferential arc,
T2s = circumferential unit force (see 5.10) in the cylindrical sidewall of the tank
at its juncture with the roof or bottom, in lbf/in., measured along an
element of the cylinder,
As this type of roof design is not directly addresses by API-620 due to its unconventional nature.
Due to this reason the elastic analysis of the roof needs to be performed to verify the induced
stresses for the conformance of roof reliability and strength. The comparison provided in the
analysis is based on Von Mises stresses which should be compared with material yield stress
as specified in table 5-1 and table 5-3 of API 620 whereas the compression area calculations
are provided based on art. 5.12.4 which have already been considered in our analysis.
(See report above)
th = 6.00 mm
= 0.24 in.
tc = 6.00 mm
= 0.24 in.
Dn = 823.43 in.
= 80.54 degree
c = 0 mm
0 in.
E = 0.7
R1 = Infinity in.
R3 = Dn / 2 = 411.71 in.