Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Report On Cloud Computing
A Report On Cloud Computing
A Report On Cloud Computing
PREPARED BY
(GROUP 14)
SUBMITTED TO:
FEBRARY, 2021
GROUP MEMBER DETAILS
NAMES MATRIC NO
ii
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this report titled “Cloud Computing” was carried out by Group 14
of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering under the supervision of PROF. E.O
OMIDIORA in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
-------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
(Supervisor)
-------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
(Head of Departments)
iii
DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to GOD almighty
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
Abstract viii
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 Introduction 1
CHAPTER TWO 7
v
2.1 Cloud Computing and Its Framework
CHAPTER THREE 12
CHAPTER FOUR 15
Conclusion 15
Reference
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
vii
ABSTRACT
The report focuses on cloud computing as a better means of I.T outsourcing. It provides
an analytical framework in the nature of cloud computing, Characteristics and source models. It
also provides a detail study in cloud computing as a better means of I.T outsource.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This success accomplished in this report would not be have been possible but for the
timely help and guidance by many people. We wish to express our sincere and heartfelt gratitude
to all those who have helped us in one-way or the other for completion of this research work.
We sincerely acknowledge the guidance of role of our supervisor, Prof. E.O Omidiora
whose contribution and constructive criticism has pushed us to expend the kind of efforts we
have exerted to make this work as original as it can be. Thanks to him, we have experienced true
research and knowledge on the subject matter has been broadened. Thank you sir.
ix
x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
such as software, platform, storage and information are provided to customers on demand. It is a
virtual pool of computing resources that provides computing resources in the pool for users
through internet. Cloud computing, as an emerging computing paradigm aiming to share storage,
computation, and services transparently among a massive users. (Xiao et al., 2013)
demand, utility based computing services. Cloud users can provide more reliable, available and
updated services to their clients in turn. Cloud itself consists of physical machines in the data
centers of cloud providers. Virtualization is provided on top of these physical machines. These
virtual machines are provided to the cloud users. Different cloud provider provides cloud
services of different abstraction level. E.g. Amazon EC2 enables the users to handle very low
level details where Google App-Engine provides a development platform for the developers to
develop their applications. So the cloud services are divided into many types like Software as a
Service, Platform as a Service or Infrastructure as a Service. These services are available over
the Internet in the whole world where the cloud acts as the single point of access for serving all
customers. Cloud computing architecture addresses difficulties of large scale data processing.
delivering Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) services. With the fast
development of processing, storage technologies, the sensation of the Internet, and computing
1
resources have become cheaper, more powerful and more universally available than ever before.
(Bechtolsheim, 2008).This technological trend has enabled the realization of a new computing
model called cloud computing. The traditional cloud computing service provider is divided as the
infrastructure providers who supervise cloud platforms and lease resources according to a pay-
per-use based model, and service providers, who rent resources from more infrastructure
providers to serve the end users. From the past few years, the cloud computing has made a
tremendous impact on the Information Technology (I.T) industry, where large companies such as
Google, IBM, Amazon and Microsoft struggle to provide more powerful, reliable and cost-
efficient cloud platforms, and business enterprises seek to find new paradigm in their business
The problem confronting this research is to investigate cloud computing as a better means of I.T
outsourcing
The aim of the research work is to highlight the role of cloud computing as a better means of I.T
outsourcing
iii. To highlight the role of cloud computing as a better means of I.T outsourcing
i. The study shall be of immense importance to I.T companies and I.T professionals
2
ii. The study shall provide a structural framework on the application of cloud computing as
iii. It shall serve as a reference point that of information on cloud computing as a better
Client: It requests and consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.
abstracted from the actual hardware. Most commonly, it refers to running multiple operating
data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the
user.
3
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
The cloud computing is the term that aim to move the services, computation, information
and data from in-house servers to an external public storage that will be called as cloud. The
main goal of this process is to minimise the total cost of using a software systems that the
business requires and replace it by using a public service that is available in the cloud by some
other companies and pay per use. At the same time my data can be stored at the cloud to make it
available all the time and ready for use, it can be accessed in more simple way and universally
which offer much lower cost, maximizing the data value by enabling opportunities for enhanced
collaboration, integration and analysis on a shared common platform. The cloud computing can
be seen as internet-based systems that offers remote data access to manage the data, information
and applications. Basically, cloud computing considered as the technology that facilitates more
efficient and practical use of resources such as storage space, processors, memory and
bandwidth.
Computing started off with the mainframe era. There were big mainframes and everyone
connected to them via dumb terminals. This old model of business computing was frustrating for
the people sitting at the dumb terminals because they could do only what they were authorized to
do. They were dependent on the computer administrators to give them permission or to fix their
problems. They had no way of staying up to the latest innovations. The personal computer was a
4
revolution against the dictatorship of centralized computing operations. There was a kind of
freedom in the use of personal computers. But this was later replaced by server architectures with
enterprise servers and others showing up in the industry. This made sure that the computing was
done and it did not eat up any of the resources that one had with him. All the computing was
performed at servers. Internet grew in the lap of these servers. With cloud computing we have
come a full circle. We come back to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this time it is
something which can easily be accessed via the internet and something over which we have all
the control.
In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and their
associates. They applied many technologies developed by companies such as Google and Yahoo!
to business applications. They also provided the concepts of "on demand" or SaaS with their real
business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is that it is customizable by customers with
limited technical support required. Business users have enthusiastically welcomed the resulting
flexibility and speed. In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept of SaaS through the
development of web services. IBM detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic Computing
storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that
Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their
data centers. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal
efficiency improvements whereby, small, fast - moving teams could add new features faster and
easier, Amazon started providing access to their systems through Amazon Web Services on a
5
utility computing basis in 2005. In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked
on a large scale cloud computing research project. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for
cloud computing to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT
services and those who sell them, and observed that" organizations are switching from company-
owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models so that the projected shift
to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in I.T products in some areas and in significant
Private Cloud: – This type of cloud is maintained within an organization and used solely for
their internal purpose. So the utility model is not a big term in this scenario. Many companies are
moving towards this setting and experts consider this is the 1st step for an organization to move
into cloud. Security, network bandwidth are not critical issues for private cloud. (Bhaskar et al.,
2009).
Public Cloud: – In this type an organization rents cloud services from cloud provider’s on-
demand basis. Services provided to the users using utility computing model.
Hybrid Cloud: – This type of cloud is composed of multiple internal or external cloud. This is
the scenario when an organization moves to public cloud computing domain from its internal
private cloud.
6
The architecture of cloud involves multiple cloud components communicating with each
other over the application programming interfaces (APIs), usually web services. The two most
significant components of cloud computing architecture are known as the front end and the back
end. The front end is the part seen by the client, i.e. the customer. This includes the client’s
network or computer, and the applications used to access the cloud via a user interface such as a
web browser. The back end of the cloud computing architecture is the cloud itself, which
comprises of various computers, servers and data storage devices. (Xiao et al., 2013)
The general architecture of cloud platform is also known as cloud stack Cloud services
may be offered in various forms from the bottom layer to top layer in which each layer represent
one service model. The three key cloud delivery models are software as a service (SaaS),
(IaaS) is offered in the bottom layer, where resources are aggregated and managed physically
(e.g., Emulab) or virtually (e.g., Amazon EC2), and services are delivered in forms of storage
MapReduce). The middle layer delivers Platform-as a-Service (PaaS), in which services are
provided as an environment for programming (e.g., Django) or software execution (e.g., Google
App Engine). Software- as-a Service (SaaS) locates in the top layer, in which a cloud provider
further confines client flexibility by merely offering software applications as a service. Apart
from the service provisioning, the cloud provider maintains a suite of management tools and
facilities (e.g., service instance life-cycle management, metering and billing, dynamic
configuration) in order to manage a large cloud system. Cloud deployment models include
public, private, community, and hybrid, clouds Public clouds are external or publicly available
cloud environments that are accessible to multiple tenants, whereas private clouds are typically
7
tailored environments with dedicated virtualized resources for particular organizations.
Similarly, community clouds are tailored for particular groups of customers. (Takabi, et al.,
2010).
Traditional security issues are still present in cloud computing environments. But as
enterprise boundaries have been extended to the cloud, traditional security mechanisms are no
longer suitable for applications and data in cloud. Traditional concerns involve computer and
network intrusions or attacks that will be made possible or at least easier by moving to the cloud.
Cloud providers respond to these concerns by arguing that their security measures and processes
are more mature and tested than those of the average company. It could be easier to lock down
information if it’s administered by a third party rather than in-house, if companies are worried
about insider threats In addition, it may be easier to enforce security via contracts with online
8
services providers than via internal controls. Due to the openness and multitenant characteristic
of the cloud, cloud computing is bringing tremendous impact on information security field.
Availability concerns center on critical applications and data being available. Well
publicized incidents of cloud outages include Gmail. As with the Traditional Security concerns,
cloud providers argue that their server uptime compares well with the availability of the cloud
users own data centers. Cloud services are thought of as providing more availability, but perhaps
not there are more single points of failure and attack. Third-party data control the legal
implications of data and applications being held by a third party are complex and not well
understood. There is also a potential lack of control and transparency when a third party holds
the data. Part of the hype of cloud computing is that the cloud can be implementation
independent, but in reality regulatory compliance requires transparency into the cloud. (Xiao et
al., 2013).
Cloud services exhibit five essential characteristics that demonstrate their relation to, and
server time and network storage as needed automatically, without requiring human interaction
Broad network access: - Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g.,
mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs) as well as other traditional or cloud based software services
9
Resource pooling: - The providers computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers
using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned
that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided
resources, but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state,
and virtual machines. Even private clouds tend to pool resources between different parts of the
same organization.
Rapid elasticity: - Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned in some cases
automatically to quickly scale out; and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any
Measured service: - Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by
leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service
(e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, or active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored,
controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
service.
Cost Saving: The most important benefit one can get by using cloud computing is cost saving
and especially this has work really well for small sized companies. Companies can reduce their
capital expenditures and use operational expenditures for increasing their computing capabilities.
10
This is a lower barrier to entry and also requires fewer in -house IT resources to provide system
support.
Reduced time for implementation: Cloud computing provides the processing power and data
storage as needed at the capacity required. This can be obtained in real time instead of weeks or
months that occur when a new business initiative is brought online in a traditional way
Dynamic scalability: Many enterprises include a reasonably large buffer from their average
computing requirement, just to ensure that capacity is in place to satisfy peak demand. Cloud
computing provides an extra processing buffer as needed at a low cost and without the capital
Shortened development life cycle: Cloud computing adopts the shorter development life cycle
that required by the traditional development approach. Any new business application can be
Reliability: Services using multiple redundant sites can support business continuity and disaster
recovery.
Maintenance: Cloud service providers do the system maintenance, and access is through
application programming interfaces that do not require application installations onto PCs, thus
Mobile Accessible: Mobile workers have increased productivity due to systems accessible in an
11
Monitor projects more effectively: Stay within budget and ahead of completion cycle times.
This option is really helpful for small companies or individual as they use the resources
Less personnel training is needed: It takes fewer people to do more work on a cloud, with a
minimal learning curve on hardware and software issues. This result in less spending on
Minimize licensing new software: Stretch and grow without the need to buy expensive software
licenses or programs. Cloud does not require you to buy hardware and software because all the
CHAPTER THREE
ANALYSIS
As all data is stored on a server, the security and administration of the data is ensured by
the service provider and the users have a better and easier access to the data. The fact that cloud
computing is a good way for company to get a better flow of information between his
employees, because if a company decides to use a cloud computing that is offering services like
storage, transfer and create of data, they can decide which employee has access to specific part of
the data that is stored on the server. Furthermore, company doesn’t have to take care of the
security of the data that they store in the cloud, because the provider will do this for them.
(Eisner, 2014)
12
As Facebook is taken about 500 million people today keep their photo albums in the
Cloud. Over 87,000 companies in the world use the Cloud. Some of them are tiny little start-ups,
others are some of the largest organizations in the world. Dell, for instance has deployed our
collaboration tool across 100,000 employees in recent days. Accordingly, it could be said that
Cloud computing means, the technology being used at the other end is invisible and irrelevant as
far as the customer's concerned. The Cloud is not about technology, it is the abstraction of
technology for delivering pure services. The Cloud has finally led to the civilization of services
because, in the case of Cloud computing, what you pay for is what you get.
Cloud computing have positive impact on the business organizations as it increases their
revenue and helps them to achieve the business goals. Companies prefer to use the services
offered by the cloud rather than building their own infrastructure. Following are the benefits of
cloud computing technology which motivates the business organizations to migrate from local
Reduced cost: Cloud computing reduces the expenses of the company as the resources are only
acquired when needed and only paid for when used as the billing model works as per usage and
there is no up-front cost. The infrastructure is not purchased and thus lowering the initial
expenses and maintenance cost as well. The clients are not the owners of the infrastructure but
Unlimited scalability: This is the major benefit of cloud technology as the client has the
flexibility to scale up or scale down as per the needs of the organization. The companies do not
need to worry about the future demands as they can easily acquire the additional services
13
anytime. Also, if a business grows over time, the cloud can scale effortlessly to meet the
Flexibility: Cloud computing provides lot of flexibility to its clients. There is an easy testing and
deployment of the services over cloud. The customers are free to decide which services they
need and pay for accordingly. The cloud services can better meet the changing business demands
by providing various services. If any application provided by the cloud is not getting our job
Better mobility: The users of the cloud can access the services of the cloud anytime anywhere
from a variety of devices. Whenever they have the working internet connection, they can login
and use the services. This benefit of cloud computing provides a flexible work culture to the
employees and they can perform their duties from anywhere without the need to be physically
among employees by having access to instant messaging, conferencing and video conferencing
options. They can jointly work on documents and projects ensuring higher cohesion and team
work. This is possible because of data centralization and updation of cloud servers in real time
Reliability: As the services of cloud is available all the time and can be accessed anywhere.
Also, the backup and recovery management make this technology more reliable. (Holland,
2011).
Increased storage: Some cloud providers offer the Storage as service to its customers.
Companies can store lot more data on cloud than their local devices. If business grows and
14
demands more storage, companies effortlessly scale up and get more storage from the cloud
Easier upgrades: It is the responsibility of the cloud providers to upgrade the infrastructure and
services for their customers. The new business trends and solutions are made available to the
clients by cloud providers to compete in the business market by adopting latest technologies. The
cloud providers maintain the system by doing different software and security updates. (Agostino
et al., 2011).
Disaster recovery: Companies using cloud services need not to frame the complex disaster or
failure recovery plans as the service providers take care of such issues and put the clients out of
Security: The most important factor while choosing a cloud provider is the security and privacy
they provide to our data. This is the main reason that these providers invest large amount on their
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
4.1 CONCLUSION
Virtualization in combination with utility computing model can make a difference in the IT
industry and as well as in social perspective. Though cloud computing is still in its infancy but
it’s clearly gaining momentum. Organizations like Google, Yahoo, and Amazon are already
15
providing cloud services. The products like Google App-Engine, Amazon EC2, and Windows
Azure are capturing the market with their ease of use, availability aspects and utility computing
model. Users don’t have to be worried about the hinges of distributed programming as they are
taken care of by the cloud providers. They can devote more on their own domain work rather
REFERENCES
Agostino SD, Ahronovitz M, Armstrong J (2011) Moving to the Cloud (Version 1.0). A white
paper produced by the Cloud Computing Use Cases Discussion Group.
16
Bhaskar Prasad Rimal, Eunmi Choi, and Ian Lumb. A taxonomy and survey of cloud computing
systems. Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management, International
Conference on, 0:44–51, 2009.
Bhopale SD (2013) Cloud Migration Benefits and Its Challenges Issue. IOSR Journal of
Computer Engineering, pp: 40-45.
Cloud Security Alliance (CSA). Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud
Computing V2.1, (Released December 17, 2009).
D. Chen and H. Zhao, “Data Security and Privacy Protection Issues in Cloud Computing”, in
International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE),
2012, vol.1, pp.647-651.
Reddy V. K, Rao B. T., Reddy L. S. S, and Kiran P.S. (2011). Research Issues in Cloud
Computing. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology. 11 (11), p59-64.
Z. Xiao and Y. Xiao,”Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing”, IEEE Commun. Surveys and
Tutorials, vol. 15, no.2, pp.843 - 859, second quarter 2013.
17