2.

Listed below are amounts of nicotine (mg per cigarette) in king-size cigarettes, 100-
mm menthol cigarettes, and 100-mm nonmenthol cigarettes. Use a 0.05 significance
level to test the claim that the three categories of cigarettes yield the same mean
amount of nicotine.

King Menthol One Hundred

1.1 1.1 0.4

1.7 0.8 1.0

1.7 1.0 1.2

1.1 0.9 0.8

1.1 0.8 0.8

1.4 0.8 1.0

1.1 0.8 1.1

H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3
H1: Means are not all equal.
α= 0.05
2.
dfBETWEEN = k - 1

dfBETWEEN = 3 - 1

dfBETWEEN = 2

dfWITHIN = N - k

dfWITHIN = 21 - 3

dfWITHIN = 18
 dfTOTAL = dfBETWEEN + dfWITHIN

dfTOTAL = 2 + 18

dfTOTAL = 20

FCRIT = 3.56

3.
MEAN (x̄)

King (x̄1) Menthol (x̄2) One Hunred (x̄3)

1.314285714 0.8857142857 0.9

GRANDE MEAN (x̄)

G / N = 21.7 / 21

1.03

SSTOTAL = Σ(x-x̄)2

King Menthol One Hundred

(1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049 (1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049 (0.4 - 1.03)2 = 0.3969

(1.7 - 1.03)2 = 0.4489 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529 (1.0 - 1.03)2 = 0.0009

(1.7 - 1.03)2 = 0.4489 (1.0 - 1.03)2 = 0.0009 (1.2 - 1.03)2 = 0.0289

(1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049 (0.9 - 1.03)2 = 0.0169 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529

(1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529

(1.4 - 1.03)2 = 0.1369 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529 (1.0 - 1.03)2 = 0.0009

(1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049 (0.8 - 1.03)2 = 0.0529 (1.1 - 1.03)2 = 0.0049

SSTOTAL = 1.8269

SSWITHIN = Σ(x-x̄)2
 King Menthol One Hundred

(1.1 - 1.31)2 = 0.0441 (1.1 - 0.89)2 = 0.0441 (0.4 - 0.9)2 = 0.25

(1.7 - 1.31)2 = 0.1521 (0.8 - 0.89)2 = 0.0081 (1.0 - 0.9)2 = 0.01

(1.7 - 1.31)2 = 0.1521 (1.0 - 0.89)2 = 0.0121 (1.2 - 0.9)2 = 0.09

(1.1 - 1.31)2 = 0.0441 (0.9 - 0.89)2 = 0.0001 (0.8 - 0.9)2 = 0.01

(1.1 - 1.31)2 = 0.0441 (0.8 - 0.89)2 = 0.0081 (0.8 - 0.9)2 = 0.01

(1.4 - 1.31)2 = 0.0081 (0.8 - 0.89)2 = 0.0081 (1.0 - 0.9)2 = 0.01

(1.1 - 1.31)2 = 0.0441 (0.8 - 0.89)2 = 0.0081 (1.1 - 0.9)2 = 0.04

SSWITHIN = 0.9974

SSBETWEEN = SSTOTAL - SSWITHIN

SSBETWEEN = 1.8269 - 0.9974

SSBETWEEN = 0.8995

4.
MSBETWEEN = SSBETWEEN - dfBETWEEN

MSBETWEEN = 0.8995 / 2

MSBETWEEN = 0.44975

MSWITHIN = SSWITHIN - dfWITHIN

MSWITHIN = 0.9974 / 18

MSWITHIN = 0.05541

5.

F = MSBETWEEN / MSWITHIN

F = 0.44975 / 0.05541

F = 8.11676592673

FCRIT = 3.56
 FSTAT = 8.12 > FCRIT = 3.56

∴ REJECT H0

We fail to accept the H0, therefore we reject the H0 because 8.12 > 3.56. We
have statistically significant evidence at α=0.05 to show that there is a difference
in the mean amount of nicotine in the three categories of cigarettes.

3. Refer to the following list of numbers of years that U.S. Presidents, Popes, and British
monarchs lived after their inauguration, election, or coronation, respectively. Assume
that the data are samples randomly selected from larger populations. Use a 0.05
significance level to test the claim that the number of years served by these three have
the same mean.

Presidents Popes Monarchs

10 2 17

29 9 6

26 21 13

28 3 12

15 6

23

4
6 5

15

12
21.83 8.2

4.89
 3

H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3
H1: μ1 ≠ μ2 ≠ μ3
α = 0.05

(X1-X1)2 (X2-X2)2 (X3-X3)2

139.9489 38.44 25

51.4089 0.64 36

17.3889 163.84 1

38.0689 27.04 0

46.6489 4.84

1.3689

294.8334 234.8 62

SSW= 591.6334

n-k = 12

MSSW= 591.63 / 12

MSSW= 49.30

m(X1-XG)2 6(294.83 - 4.89)2 = 504391.22

m(X2-XG)2 5(234.8 - 4.89)2 = 264293.04

m(X3-XG)2 4(62 - 4.89)2 = 13046.21

∑= 781730.47

MSSB= 781730.47 / 2

MSSB= 390865.24
 F = MSBETWEEN / MSWITHIN

F = 390865.24 / 49.30

F = 7928.30

FCRIT = 3.89

dfB = k - 1

dfB = 3 - 1

dfB = 2

dfW = N - k

dfW = 15-3

dfW = 12

FCRIT = 3.89

FSTAT > FCRIT

∴ REJECT H0

We reject H0 because 7928.34 > 3.89. We have statistically significant evidence at

α=0.05 to show that there is a significant difference between the mean of the number of
years served by these three.