MINI ENGLISH GRAMMAR COURSE

By Lic. María Auxiliadora Jácome Ortega

1.1.ENGLISH TENSES

LINE OF TIME TENSES CONJUGATION EXPLANATION

Simple Present I live.
Present Continuous I am living. something that is
PRESENT about to end
Present Perfect I have lived. Feats
Present Perfect I have been living. something that is
Continuous about to end
Past simple I lived. Finished
PAST Past Continuous I was living. Incomplete
Past Perfect I had lived. Previous
Past Perfect Continuous I had been living. Incomplete
Future Simple I will live. It did not start
Future Continuous L will be living. something that is
FUTURE about to end
Future Perfect I will have lived. Feats
Future Perfect I will have been It finished and will
Continuous living. continue

1.2.ARTICLES

TYPES INDEFINITE INDEFINITE DEFINITE

A Hamburguer
A cockroach
A cricket
A Flood
An Ant
An earthquake
An immigrant
An accident
The bouquet of flowers
The present
The car
The house

1.3.RELATIVE CLAUSES
 TYPES ENGLISH SPANISH EXPLANATION
Defining Susan is the girl Susan es la chica
Relative who is playing que toca el piano.
Clauses the piano.

Defining The man whom El hombre al que Something

Relative you saw viste ayer es Tom. that tells good
Clauses yesterday is things
Tom.

RELATIVE Defining A widower is a Un viudo es una

CLAUSES Relative man whose wife hombre cuya
Clauses has died. esposa ha fallecido.

Non-defining My car, which Mi coche, que era

Relative was completely completamente
Clauses new, broke nuevo, se averió de
down again nuevo. Tell different
actions
Non-defining It's something Es algo que
Relative that I really realmente no
Clauses can't stand. puedo soportar.

1.4. CONDITIONALS

TYPES OF CONDITIONALS
EXPLANATION
General true Future real Future not Actions
and laws situations real that
with simple situations happened
present + with past in the past
will simple + and they
would didn´t have
a good
solution.
EXAMPLES ZERO FIRST SECOND THIRD
When If you set If I owned If I had
people your mind to a zoo, I cleaned the
smoke a goal, you’ll might let house, I
cigarettes, eventually people could have
their health achieve it. interact gone to the
suffers. with the movies.
animals
more.
If you don’t If you rest, If I If you had
 brush your you will feel inherited a told me
teeth, you better. billion you needed
get cavities. dollars, I a ride, I
would would have
travel to left earlier.
the moon.

1.5.FUTURE “GOING TO”

GOING TO
EXPLANATION ENGLISH SPANISH
I am going to call you tonight. Voy a llamarte esta noche.
There is news. She is going to arrive late. Va a llegar tarde.
They are going to be happy to Van a estar felices de verte.
see you

1.6.LINKERS AND CONNECTORS

EXPLANATION TYPES ENGLISH SPANISH

We use the
connectors to give an
explanation of what
the subject can
always do, something
they need, ..., etc.
But I need to get (yo) Necesito
up but I'm tired. levantarme pero estoy
cansada.
And Christmas is a time La Navidad es tiempo
for giving and getting. de dar y recibir.
Because I know about (yo) Sé de
animals because I live animales porque vivo
in a farm. en una granja.
Or Learn to play the Aprende a tocar el
violin, the violín, el piano o la
piano or the trumpet. trompeta.
So I was very tired so I Estaba muy
went straight to bed. cansado así que me
fui directamente a la
cama.
As As I was hungry, I Como tenía hambre
went to eat fui a comer algo.
something.

Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.
–  Malcolm X