BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

12255-3:2000
Incorporating
Corrigendum No. 1

Wastewater treatment
plants —
Part 3: Preliminary treatment

The European Standard EN 12255-3:2000 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 13.060.30

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BS EN 12255-3:2000

National foreword

This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of

EN 12255-3:2000, including Corrigendum December 2000.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated
in the text by tags ˜™. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the
number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN
Corrigendum 1 is indicated in the text by ˆ‰.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/505, Wastewater engineering, to Subcommittee B/505/40, Wastewater
treatment plants.
A list of organizations represented on B/505/40 can be obtained on request to
its secretary.
Further information regarding design and loading data can be found in the
informative national annex.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector
Committee for Building and
Civil Engineering, was
published under the authority Amendments issued since publication
of the Standards Committee
and comes into effect on
15 December 2000
Amd. No. Date Comments

16723 31 October 2006 See national foreword

Corrigendum No. 1
© BSI 2006

ISBN 0 580 36451 8

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Page 2
EN 12255-3:2000

&217(176
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 General........................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.2 Planning ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Process ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Maintenance................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.5 Health and safety ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................ 8

© BSI 2006
 Page 3
EN 12255-3:2000

Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165, Wastewater engineering, the
Secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by March 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
December 2001.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

It is the third part prepared by the Working Groups CEN/TC 165/WG 42 and 43 relating to the general
requirements and processes for treatment plants for over 50 PT. The parts of the series are as follows:

Part 1: General construction principles;

Part 3: Preliminary treatment;
Part 4: Primary settlement;
Part 5: Lagooning processes;
Part 6: Activated sludge processes;
Part 7: Biological fixed-film reactors;
Part 8: Sludge treatment and storage;
Part 9: Odour control and ventilation;
Part 10: Safety principles;
Part 11: General data required;
Part 12: Control and automation; 1)
Part 13: Chemical treatment;
Part 14: Disinfection; 1)
Part 15: Measurement of the oxygen transfer in clean water in aeration tanks of activated sludge plants;
Part 16: Physical (mechanical) filtration.1)

NOTE For requirements on pumping installations at wastewater treatment plants and in their water feed field,
provided initially as Part 2: Pumping installations for wastewater treatment plants, see EN 752-6, Drain and sewer
systems outside buildings - Part 6: Pumping installations.

The parts EN 12255-1, EN 12255-3 to EN 12255-8 and EN 12255-10 and EN 12255-11 were implemented
together as a European package (Resolution BT 152/1998). The date of withdrawal (dow) of all conflicting national
standards is 2001-12-31. Until the date of withdrawal is reached the National and the already published
European standards both coexist.

1 Scope
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for preliminary treatment of wastewater at
wastewater treatment plants for over 50 PT.

The primary application is for wastewater treatment plants designed for the treatment of domestic and municipal
wastewater.

Preliminary treatment may include one or more of the following options:

— screening;
— grit removal;

— grease separation;

— flow balancing and flow separation.

1)
in prepa ration.

© BSI 2006
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EN 12255-3:2000

NOTE Flow measurement and/or sampling provision may be included with any of the chosen options.

Differences in wastewater treatment throughout Europe have led to a variety of systems being developed. This
standard gives fundamental informations about the systems; this standard has not attempted to specify all
available systems.

Detailed information additional to that contained in this standard may be obtained by referring to the
Bibliography.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provision from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this
European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN 1085
Wastewater treatment — Vocabulary.

prEN 12255-1:1996
Wastewater treatment plants — Part 1: General construction principles.

prEN 12255-10:2000
Wastewater treatment plants — Part 10: Safety principles.

prEN 12255-11:1998
Wastewater treatment plants — Part 11: General data.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 1085 apply.

4 Requirements
4.1 General
Preliminary treatment units are an important part of the overall wastewater treatment process, since they serve to
ensure that the subsequent main treatment stages operate effectively. The preliminary process requires the
removal of large floating and suspended solids, grit, grease and oil. Unless preliminary units are correctly
designed, variations in flow may cause operational problems in the subsequent processes. This is particularly true
of smaller plants.

The type and size of units are influenced by the overall system and the nature of the wastewater to be treated.
Combined sewerage systems usually have greater variations in flow than separate systems so that storm water
separation arrangements and/or flow balancing may be necessary. Grit removal may be required to prevent
damage to following treatment units and pumps. Where treatment plants receive significant amounts of organic
industrial wastes, e.g. from food processing, the provision of grease and oil removal units is essential.

4.2 Planning
The design considerations for a preliminary treatment system shall include a combination of the acceptable options
to fulfil the process. Selection shall be based on an assessment of the characteristics of the wastewater to be
treated, the size of the installation and its technical and economic consequences on subsequent processes.

© BSI 2006
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EN 12255-3:2000

The requirements for the installation should be determined after consideration of the following factors:

— the effect of the flows on the subsequent treatment processes;

— the need to limit retention time in order to avoid septicity and/or premature sedimentation;

— fine screening and its influence upon sludge treatment and the necessity for primary treatment;

— grit removal with or without grease and oil separation;

— requirements for the disposal of grit and, the necessity for or possibility of grit washing;

— the reliability of the treatment process;

— the need to provide frost protection for exposed pipework and equipment where it is warranted.

Once the requirements for the installation have been determined, consideration should be given to the
requirements for the chosen site taking into account collection and disposal of screenings, grit, grease and oil.

In addition, further general requirements are shown in prEN 12255-1:1996, prEN 12255-10:2000 and
prEN 12255-11:1998.

4.3 Process
4.3.1 Screening

When screening is selected as an option, the screens shall remove suspended solids and debris from the flow
stream.

NOTE 1 Screen aperture size may be influenced by the requirements of sludge disposal and subsequent process
requirements or the discharge permit conditions for the final effluent.

The following minimum apertures for screens are a guide:

a)  20 mm to 50 mm : coarse screens protecting plant and to prevent flow blockage;

NOTE 2 Coarse screens are used to protect mechanical plant by removing floating and large suspended solids in
the form of paper, rags and plastics material.

b)  10 mm to 20 mm : medium screens to prevent flow blockages;

c)  2 mm to 10 mm : fine screens to reduce debris accumulating in the sludge.

NOTE 3 Screens may be accompanied by washing, de-watering and compaction of screenings.

The design velocities through screens shall not exceed 1,2 m/s at maximum flow. The velocity in the approach
channel should not fall below 0,3 m/s at minimum flow.

The potential health hazards which can arise from the handling and disposal of screenings shall be taken into
account. See prEN 12255-10:2000 for further details.

With the exception of overflows to a storm water holding tank where screening may not be necessary, wherever
inlet overflows are installed screens shall be provided.

Screenings shall be disposed of in accordance with national regulations.

The normal configuration of screening installations is the multiple-channel type, a bypass with a hand-raked coarse
screen being required for single-channel installations. Provision shall be made to ensure that each channel can be
closed down separately.

The structural design of the screen shall be capable of withstanding 0,5 m hydraulic head.

© BSI 2006
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EN 12255-3:2000

The difference between upstream and downstream sewage levels shall be calculated for the maximum flow
considering the aperture of the screen and the covering with retained material.

The raking cycle should not exceed two minutes. Where this is not possible (e.g. deep installations) the design
should ˆaccommodate‰ higher loads, level differences and freeboard. The useful load of the mechanical rake
shall be taken as 1 kN per m of screen width, with a minimum of 0,6 kN.

The drive shall be designed for continuous operation and shall be appropriate for the largest solids expected.

The scraping and driving elements shall be protected against mechanical and/or electrical overloading.

Unless otherwise agreed, the design service life of the equipment for screening installations shall correspond to
service life class 3, as specified in prEN 12255-1:1996.

4.3.2 Grit removal

Grit removal units shall be designed to remove grit particles with a minimum diameter of 0,3
velocity of 0,03 m/s.

A horizontal velocity of flow of 0,3 m/s is the optimum suitable for the removal of such grit particles in constant
velocity channels and cross-flow settling basins.

NOTE Combined sewerage systems contain significant amounts of grit which enter the sewers via road gullies
and run off from paved areas. Separate sewerage systems may also contain grit, particularly in coastal or sandy
areas.

Separated grit may be washed and any organic matter removed should be returned to the flow for further
treatment. The grit shall be disposed of in accordance with the health and safety requirements specified in
prEN 12255-10:2000.

Grit chambers should be constructed to operate in multiple channels. In the case of single channel installations, a
bypass or alternative facility should be provided. Design features shall ensure that each channel may be taken out
of service individually.

Chambers shall be designed to withstand surge loads of grit as may occur during heavy rainfall and/or after long
periods of drought. Pumps, scrapers and drives shall be designed accordingly.
2 2
Scraper loading shall be assumed to be 10 kN/m of the scraper, or 5 kN/m where the scraper adjusts
automatically to the level of the material to be removed.

Pumps shall be suitable in both design and material, for use in grit chambers (e.g. have a single channel or disk
impeller). They shall be submersible and the suction should be adjustable in height whilst the pumps are in
operation.

Where air-lift pumps are used, they shall be provided with a backflushing facility.

The velocity of compressed air in pipes of aerated grit chambers shall not exceed 20 m/s to prevent noise
pollution.

The construction principles of travelling bridges on grit chambers are specified in prEN 12255-1: ˆ1996.‰

The design service life of drives, bridge scrapers and pumps shall correspond to class 3, that of air supply systems
of air-lift pumps to class 2 and, that of air supply equipment for permanent aeration systems to class 3, all as
specified in prEN 12255-1: ˆ1996.‰ .

© BSI 2006
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EN 12255-3:2000

4.3.3 Grease and oil separation

Because of the deleterious effect of grease it shall be removed rather than being emulsified or solubilized. Where
domestic and municipal wastewater includes discharges from hotels, restaurants and food processing operations,
a grease and oil removal stage should be included in the design of the plant.

NOTE 1 As an alternative to grease removal as a separate stage, it may be possible to combine grease/oil and
grit removal in a single unit or in the primary settlement stage.

Where commercial kitchens or similar establishments are situated upstream of the plant, dedicated grease traps
should be installed on the respective kitchen drains.

Grease and oil removed from the wastewater shall be disposed of in accordance with the health and safety
requirements of prEN 12255-10:2000. The design of the grease separator shall facilitate the safe and efficient
removal of separable solids, grease and oil.

NOTE 2 Grease and oil removed from the wastewater may be de-watered before disposal.

4.3.4 Flow balancing and flow splitting

Flow balancing may require flow measurement. Flows in excess of the design capacity of subsequent stages shall
be diverted into flow balancing tanks. This shall take place after screening and grit removal where these processes
are provided.

The accuracy of flow measurement should not be significantly affected by the presence of suspended solids.

NOTE 1 Reduction in flow variations through the treatment processes may be beneficial but the cost and
complexity of flow balancing is not easily justified on smaller plants.

All flow balancing and flow splitting installations shall be designed for ease of cleaning.

Where it is not permissible to by pass, influent flow balancing shall be included in the treatment process.

Provision shall be made for the removal of solids deposited in balancing tanks.

NOTE 2 It is important that the organic solids are returned to the treatment flow.

Provision may be made for aeration of balancing tanks in order to avoid anaerobic conditions and nuisance
odours.

4.4 Maintenance
The requirements for access, spare parts and maintenance of plants are given in prEN 12255-1:1996.

4.5 Health and safety

The health and safety requirements as specified in prEN 12255-10:2000 shall be fulfilled.

© BSI 2006
Page 8
EN 12255-3:2000

Bibliography

This list of documents which are published and used by the members of CEN was correct at the time of publication of
this European Standard but should not be considered to be exhaustive.

France
Ministére de l’equipement, du logement et des transports (96-7 TO).
Conception et exécution d’installations d’epuration d’éaux usees Fascicule no 81 titre II.

ˆAustria
OENORM B 2502-2
Small Sewage treatment plants — Installations for buildings of 51 to 500 population equivalents —
Application, dimensions, construction and operation.
OENORM B 5101
Mineral oil separators.
OENORM B 5103
Grease separators.
OEWAV RB 18
Sicherheit auf Abwasserreiningungsanlagen (Kläranlagen) — Ausrüstung und Betrieb.
OEWAV RB 19
Richtlinien für die Bemessung und Gestaltung von Regenentlastungen in Mischwasserkanälen.‰

Germany
DIN 4040-1
Grease interceptor systems — Part 1: Concepts, nominal sizes, requirements and testing.

DIN V 4040-2
Grease separators — Part 2: Selection of nominal size, installation, operation and maintenance.

DIN 4261-1
Small sewage treatment plants — Part 1: Plants without aeration (septic tanks); application, design and
construction.

DIN 4261-2
Small sewage treatment plants — Part 2: Plants with sewage aeration; application, design, construction and
testing.

DIN 4261-3
Small sewage treatment plants — Part 3: Operation and maintenance of septic tanks.

DIN 4261-4
Small sewage treatment plants — Part 4: Plants with sewage aeration; operation and maintenance.

DIN 19551-3
Sewage treatment plants — Part 3: Rectangular grit chamber with suction type grit collector; main dimensions.

DIN 19554-1
Sewage treatment plants — Part 1: Screening plant with straight bar screens, main dimensions.

DIN 19554-3
Sewage treatment plants — Part 3: Screening plant with straight bar screen back-raked, main dimensions.

DIN 19569-1
Sewage treatment plants — Principles for the design of structures and technical equipment — Part 1: General
principles.

© BSI 2006
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EN 12255-3:2000

DIN 19569-2
Sewage treatment plants — Principles for the design of structures and technical equipment — Part 2: Specific
principles for the equipment for separating and thickening of solid material.
1)
ATV-A 117
1)
Standards for the dimensioning, design and the operation of stormwater; holding tanks
1)
ATV-H 258
Use of finest screens and strainers in small municipal sewage treatment plants.
ATV Handbuch: Mechanische Abwasserreinigung (only in German), Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin; 4. Auflage 1997.
.
Portugal
Direcção general da qualidade do ambiente -
manual de tecnologias de saneamento basico apropriadas a pequenos aglomerados.
SEARN, rua de O Século 51 - 1200 Lisboa Portugal

Switzerland
VSA - Richtlinie: „Kleinkläranlagen - Richtlinie für den Einsatz, die Auswahl und die Bemessung von
Kleinkläranlagen“.

United Kingdom
BS 6297:1983 (with amd 1990): Code of practice for the design and installation of a small sewage treatment works
and cesspools.

Lothian regional council department of drainage design manual (1980).

1)
Available at: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e. V. (GFA),
Theodor-Heuß-Allee 17, 53773 Hennef

© BSI 2006
Page 10
BS EN 12255-3:2000

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© BSI 2006
BS EN
12255-3:2000
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Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.
W4 4AL