MODERNISM was ... A backlash against 19" century ideals A new demand for a new age The desire for change was manifest in all realms of living Modernism encouraged the re-examination of every aspect of existence from commerce to philosophy It aimed to find what was ‘holding back’ progress «7/8» Scanned with CamScanner WHAT IS MODERNISN ...Modernism championed the following ideals: Adulation of the machine New definition of Progress of mankind derived from technological advancement No place for 19th century Historicism Mechanisation, Standardization and Mass Production were the by-words of development and benchmarks that defined progress Functionalism that stressed on the utilitarian aspect #/B% ‘WHAT IS MODERNISM ... Scanned with CamScannerIn the realm of architecture ... Roots of Modernism were laid in Chicago in the late 19th century Emergence of Europe as a forerunner of Modernism MODERNISM IN ARCHITECTURE: CHICAGO SCHOOL, USA Scanned with CamScannerIn the realm of the arts ... A need was felt for a new artistic expression that symbolised a new age and society In painting, there was escape from Realism as a new approach was sought that accommodated multiple viewpoints The early 20th century saw the emergence of new art movements: Cubism Purism Fauvism Expressionism Futurism De Stijl MODERNISM IN ARTS: EUROPE Scanned with CamScannerThese Art Movements exerted a strong influence on early 20th century architecture as they inspired architecture to explore the domain of the abstract Indeed, these Art Movements can be called the precursors to the evolution of architecture in the Europe of the early 20th century w 3 eZ 5 a F z = a Zz z wi a Q = Scanned with CamScannerFrance was at the forefront of the creation of a new 20th-century aesthetic Paris was the center of the art world with many expatriate artists working in the city such as Picasso, Kandinsky and Brancusi Henri Matisse, Picasso, Braque changed the direction of painting through their experiments in art with composition, colour and form Engineers and architects namely Francois Hennebique, Tony Garnier, and Auguste Perret pioneered the use of reinforced concrete construction ¢/Be Scanned with CamScanner MODERNISM IN ART & ARHITECTURE: FRANCECUBISM The style dealt with the following: multiple view points angular planes facets overlapping and interpenetrating surfaces = a o = oO = @ z= oe Ww a 9 = me 5 a 5 a [4 3 Ww ge a < a < < Scanned with CamScannerPURISM Relied on the use of pure geometric forms as idealised by Plato The forms could be adapted into built-forms LE CORBUSIER: STILL LIFE (1920) Scanned with CamScanner ART AS A PRECURSOR OF MODERNISM: PURISMFAUVISM Defying REALISM Relied on the use of bold forms and bright colours Exuberant @Xpression ey wantsse: DANCE [t ART AS A PRECURSOR OF MODERNISM: FAUVISM Scanned with CamScannerEXPRESSIONISM Based on emotive and organic forms Charactersied by Intense colours Agitated brush strokes Disjointed spaces & forms PAUL KLEE: UNCOMPOSED OBJECTS IN SPACE Scanned with CamScanner ART AS A PRECURSOR OF MODERNISM: EXPRESSIONISMPIONEERING WORK IN REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE AUGUSTE PERRET: NOTRE DAME, LE RAINCY AUGUSTE PERRET: GARAGE, [1922-23] PARIS [1905] Scanned with CamScanner MODERNISM IN ARCHITECTURE: FRANCELe Corbusier, a Swiss architect, applied the notions of Modernism to buildings Fascinated by the machine, streamlined bodies of automobiles, submarines, aeroplanes The theory and practices of Le Corbusier, LORE SE ISS cry reinforced by those of PARIS [1930-22] the Bauhaus, in Germany, went on to define the characteristics of post- war architecture MODERNISM IN ARHITEGTURE: FRANCE LE CORBUSIER: CITROHAN HOUSE ON PILOTIS, STUTTGART [1927] «/a% Scanned with CamScanner‘Ahouse is a machine for living in’ overtly states Corbusier's penchant for the machine Evolution of the Maison Dom-ino stretched into a habitable form Hennebique's idea of the RCC frame that could be mass produced and pre- fabricated From the Maison Dom-ino came the Villes Pilotis, a city raised on stilts with elevated streets LE CORBUSIER: A CONTEMPORARY CITY OF SMILLION, CITY CENTRE [1922] LE CORBUSIER: FREEHOLD MAISONETTES. [1923] MODERNISM IN ARHITECTURE: GERMANY Scanned with CamScannerIn 1926 Corbusier wrote ‘Five Points of a New architecture’ that offered a generic solution to architecture through Five Points that were in reality an extension of the Maison Dom-ino and Villes Pilotis principle Ss LE CORBUSIER: VILLA SAVOIE, POISSY-sur- SEINE [1923-30] EXTERIOR Pilotis Roof terrace Free plan Free fagade Horizontal strip windows Le ‘SEINE [1929-30] INTERIOR Scanned with CamScannerFUTURISM Extreme celebration of industrial technology, revolutionary change, speed, dynamism and aggressive adulation of machines Negation of achievements of the past Marinetti’s Manifesto declared ... ‘set fire to the library shelves ... flood the museums’ MODERNISM IN ART & ARCHITECTURE: ITALY Scanned with CamScannerSANT ELIA: LACITTA NOUVA; ere enon CASA A GRADINATE ‘SANT’ ELIA: LA CITTA NOUVA: STATION & AIRPORT ART AS A PRECURSOR OF MODERNISM: FUTURISM Scanned with CamScanner