Lecture - 6: History of Architecture-V (Domestic Revival in England)

History of Architecture- V
Lecture – 6
(Domestic Revival in England)
INTRODUCTION
Domestic revival in Victorian England
July - 2016 HOA- V, Architecture in Europe –( Late 18th. to early 20th. century ) Ar. Ankit Kumar, asstt. Prof. GCAD, sonipat. 2
Domestic revival in England
 In Early decades of Victorian Era, Renaissance was preferred design model,
especially since it had become, by the 1860, associated with ideals of
humanism, grace and esthetic contemplation.
INTRODUCTION
 Later Generation would see the renaissance’s buildings as cluttered.
Background story
 For Victorian Architects, the value of these buildings lay not so much in their
Queen Anne style external appearance, as in their plans that offered flexible ways of organizing
complex social and familial activities while providing coherence, ideologically
Georgian Architecture and philosophically, to the ideals of upper or Middle class family.
 The need for comfort also played a role.

Assignment
 The Georgian architecture of the preceding generations was by the way of
comparison stiff and formal.
 One of the Victorian-era that developed come to be known as Queen Anne
style.
Domestic revival in England Georgian Architecture
One of the most common Colonial Revival subtypes is the Georgian Revival.
The Georgian style was originally popular in the 18th century and was used
frequently in early New England settlements.
INTRODUCTION
History
Background story
 The Georgian style was developed from the simplification of
classical, Italian Renaissance and Baroque architecture.
GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE
 It was most popular in Great Britain during the reign of the first
Queen Anne style three King Georges (1714 to 1820) from which it derives its
name.
Assignment
 A vernacular interpretation of the style, in which detail was
minimized, became a very popular architectural expression
throughout Great Britain
Characteristics
 The style is characterized by a symmetrical, or balanced, box-
INTRODUCTION like massing centered on a formal entranceway.
 Rooms are grouped around a central hall plan.
Background story  Houses are 1 to 2 1/2 storeys high.
 The roof is either a steeply pitched hip roof or a gable roof with
GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE or without eaves.
 Facades are often provided with two windows on each side of
the central doorway.
Queen Anne style
 Double-hung windows are straight-topped with 6 to 12 panes
in each sash.
Assignment  The style can have classical detailing such as a pediment
projecting pavilion with pilasters or columns and a Palladian
window
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
Assignment
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
Assignment
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
Assignment
Domestic revival in Victorian Queen Anne style
England
The Queen Anne style in Britain refers to either the English Baroque architectural
style approximately of the reign of Queen Anne (reigned 1702–1714), or a
revived form that was popular in the last quarter of the 19th century and the
INTRODUCTION early decades of the 20th century (when it is also known as Queen Anne revival.
Background story
History
Georgian architecture  In narrow architectural terms this refers to a London-based
revival of the ordinary red-brick building of the 17th and early
18th centuries.
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
 The term was more loosely applied to describe an eclectic style
which incorporated architectural elements borrowed from a
Assignment variety of historical periods.
 These included Elizabethan, Jacobean and American Colonial
Revivals as well as the architecture of Queen Anne's reign itself
(1702-1714).
England
Characteristics
 The style aims at being extravagantly picturesque irregular
INTRODUCTION plans and elevations are its hallmark.
Background story  Lively and exuberant, structures feature bays, turrets, towers,
decorative chimneys, gabled or multi-gabled roofs and
Georgian architecture verandahs.
 Roofs are usually steep.
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
 Basic to the style is a variety of surfaces used on the same
building, especially brick, wood shingles of different shapes,
Assignment stucco and half-timbering.
 Elements and forms can come from many styles to create a

unique effect
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Georgian architecture
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
Domestic revival in Victorian
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story Art and craft style

QUEEN ANNE STYLE
Assignment
England
William Morris
was an English textile designer,
artist, writer, and socialist
INTRODUCTION associated with the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood and the English Arts
Background story and Crafts Movement.
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
(24 March 1834 - 3 October 1896)
OVERVIEW OF MORRIS
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
OVERVIEW OF MORRIS
England EDUCATION(1848-1855)
INTRODUCTION 9 Oct 1848,educated at Marlborough college,

there he learned very little about architecture.
Background story
Georgian architecture 25 Dec 1851,attended Forest School, here he

lived as a private pupil with the Rev. F. B. Guy,
Queen Anne style
Assistant Master. Then later to Canon of St.
Alban's, for a year to prepare him for University.
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris 9 Jun 1852,attended Oxford Exeter College, he wasn't

able to go till 1853 because the school was too full, he met
Edward Jones and joined a Brotherhood group but at this
college he began to write poems.
OVERVIEW OF MORRIS
England PAINTER(1856-1857)
INTRODUCTION
Background story 1856, begins work in the architectural office of

G E Street. Meets Phillip Webb and, later that
Georgian architecture year, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Morris abandons his
Queen Anne style fledgling career in architecture and becomes an
artist.
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
1857, Morris, Burne-Jones, Rossetti and various
others paint the Oxford Union frescoes. Meets
Jane Burden, one of Rossetti's models.
OVERVIEW OF MORRIS
England POET & AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION
10 Oct 1858, first booked published, his book "
Background story
The Defence of Guinevere and Other
Poems" was published.
William Morris continued to find time to write
Queen Anne style poetry and prose, The Life and Death of
Jason (1867)
ARCHITECTS
10 Oct 1868, another book, The Earthly
 William Morris Paradise (1868)
10 Oct 1870, another published book, the
Volksunga Saga
OVERVIEW OF MORRIS
England POET & AUTHOR
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
England RED HOUSE (LONDON)
 It was designed in 1859 by its owner, William Morris,
INTRODUCTION and the architect Philip Webb
Background story
 Wall paintings and stained glass by Edward Burne-
Jones
Georgian architecture  steep roofs, prominent chimneys, cross gables, and
Queen Anne style exposed-beam ceilings
 L shape plan
ARCHITECTS
 Gardens incorporated as part of the house
 William Morris
England RED HOUSE (LONDON)
http://www.greatbuildings.com/bui
ldings/The_Red_House.html
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
Domestic revival in Victorian PATTERNS FROM NATURE
England
Morris was one of the great pattern
designers. His classic designs are still
INTRODUCTION commercially available as wallpapers
and textiles.
Background story
Georgian architecture They were usually titled with the names

Queen Anne style of the flowers that they depicted such
as 'Chrysanthemum', 'Jasmine',
ARCHITECTS 'Acanthus', and 'Sunflower'.
 William Morris
WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896) 'Trellis', 1862

(pencil and watercolour sketch for wallpaper
design)
Domestic revival in Victorian COMPANY(1860)
England
 1861, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Co.
founded. Founder members include Ford
Maddox Brown, Burne-Jones, Rossetti and
INTRODUCTION
Webb.
Background story
 1862-1867, designs the first of his wallpapers
for the Company. Publishes poetry including The
Queen Anne style Life and Death of Jason and The Earthly
Paradise.
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris  10 Oct 1875, the partnership came to an end

and William began his own company called
Morris & Company. Morris, Marshall, Faulkner &
Co. dissolved and reconstituted as Morris & Co.
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
Domestic revival in Victorian KELMSCOTT MANOR
England
 Kelmscott Manor was the country home of William morris from 1871 until
his death in 1896
INTRODUCTION  It also appears in the background of WATER WILLOW , a portrait of his

wife, painted by Rosetti in 1871.
Background story
 Rooms are filled with samples of Morris's work, including many original
tapestries, textiles, wall-hangings, designs, and artwork.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kelmsc
nte_Gabriel_Rossetti_Water_Willow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Da
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 William Morris
ottManor1.JPG
_1871.jpg
England
THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
(between 1860 and 1910)
The Arts and Crafts
INTRODUCTION
Movement (1850-1900)
Background story was a reaction against
the Industrial Revolution.
The 'dark Satanic mills' of the Industrial Revolution
Queen Anne style The members of the Arts and Crafts Movement
included artists, architects, designers, craftsmen
ARCHITECTS
and writers. They feared that industrialization
 William Morris was destroying the environment in which
traditional skills and crafts could prosper, as
machine production had taken the pride, skill and
design out of the quality of goods being
manufactured.
England
INTRODUCTION
Background story PHILIP WEBB

(12 January 1831 – 17 April 1915)
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 Philip Webb
England
PHILIP WEBB
 an English architect sometimes called the 'Father of Arts and Crafts
Architecture‘
INTRODUCTION  Philip Speakman Webb was born in 1831 into the family of an Oxford
doctor.
Background story
 He then moved to London where he eventually became a junior assistant
for G. E. Street. While there he met William Morris in 1856 and then started
his own practice in 1858.
Queen Anne style
 He is particularly noted as the designer of Red House at
ARCHITECTS Bexleyheath, South East London in 1859 for William Morris.
 Philip Webb  Although influenced by medieval styles and the Gothic revival movement ,
his highly original, yet practical designs incorporated the use of contrasting
materials such as white interior walls and bare brickwork.
England
PHILIP WEBB
 Webb, unlike other architects, was also an excellent designer of small
things. The ornamentation of the sideboard is an example of his abilities.
INTRODUCTION
Background story
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 Philip Webb
England
PHILIP WEBB
 Philip Webb developed the Morris chair on the basis of a traditional design,
which he found in a workshop.
 It had an adjustable back and was made from wood, in contrast to the iron-
INTRODUCTION made American mechanical chairs..
(Geffrye Museum, 2000) –
This armchair designed by
Background story Philip Webb has an
adjustable back. It is known
as the Morris chair.
Queen Anne style
ARCHITECTS
 Philip Webb

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History of Architecture- V

Domestic revival in Victorian England

 The need for comfort also played a role.

Queen Anne style

Queen Anne style

Queen Anne style

 Elements and forms can come from many styles to create a

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

Background story Art and craft style

QUEEN ANNE STYLE

Queen Anne style

(24 March 1834 - 3 October 1896)

Queen Anne style

INTRODUCTION 9 Oct 1848,educated at Marlborough college,

Georgian architecture 25 Dec 1851,attended Forest School, here he

 William Morris 9 Jun 1852,attended Oxford Exeter College, he wasn't

Background story 1856, begins work in the architectural office of

Queen Anne style

Queen Anne style

Georgian architecture They were usually titled with the names

WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896) 'Trellis', 1862

 William Morris  10 Oct 1875, the partnership came to an end

Queen Anne style

INTRODUCTION  It also appears in the background of WATER WILLOW , a portrait of his

Background story PHILIP WEBB

Queen Anne style

Queen Anne style

Queen Anne style

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