HITEC School & College

TAXILA CANTT

CH# 1 Heating and cooling

Q: Encircle the correct option.

1. Conversion of gas into liquid is called_________.

a) Evaporation b) Condensation c)Melting d)Freezing

2. Astronaut in space has __________ gravity.

a) More b)Less c)Zero d)None

3. ________ is used to measure heat.

A. Calorimeter B. Thermometer C. Both a and b D. Kelvin scale

4. The word kinetic comes from Greek word kinesis which means___________.

A. Velocity B. Motion C. Force D. None

5. Direct conversion of solids into gas is called_____________.

A. Condensation B. Evaporation C. Freezing D. Sublimation

6. Transfer of heat through solids is called____________.

A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Emitters

7.____________ conducts heat ten times better than iron.

A. Copper B. Aluminum C. Plastic D. Silver

8. In __________ particles are free to move in any direction and have most heat energy.

A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gases D. Plasma

9. The sun is_______________ millions km away from Earth.

A. 130 B. 140 C. 150 D. 160

10. Some surfaces are good at emitting thermal radiations are called___________.

A. Reflectors B. Absorbers C. Emitters D. None

Short Q/A

1. Differentiate between heat and temperature.

Heat is the transfer of energy from hot body to cold body. Heat is measured in joules.
Heat is measured by calorimeter.

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold the something is. It is measured in

Kelvin. It is measured by thermometer.

2. Why do astronauts float in space?

Astronauts float in space due to zero gravity. As we move away from earth force of
gravity is going to be decreased.

3. What is meant by heat transfer?

Heat transfer means movement of heat from hot body to cold body.

4. Differentiate between conductors and insulators.

Conductors are those materials which allow heat and electricity to pass through them.
For example metals

Poor conductors of heat are called insulators. For example Wood, plastic

5. Why does not convection occur in solids?

In solids, particles are tightly packed and cannot move freely so convection does not
occur in solids.

6. Why in hot countries houses are painted white?

White colour has ability to reflect sun radiations so in hot countries houses are
painted white to keep the house cool.

7. Why does aluminum foil keep food warm?

Because it is a poor emitter of heat so aluminum foil is used to keep food warm.

Long Questions

1. What is kinetic theory? How it helps to explain behavior of particles?

Page# 4

2. Write a note on methods of heat transfer.

Page # 5 to 7

Conduction (Definition and one example)

 Convection (Definition and one example)

Radiation (Definition and one example)

Chapter# 5- Fit and healthy

Q1: Choose the correct option.
1. An average teenager needs at least ________ minutes for physical activity.

A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70
2. _____________ are needed to build and repair body tissues.

A. Fats B. Proteins C. Fibres D. Vitamins

3. ______________ and _______________ are energy food groups.

A. Proteins and vitamins B. Fats and sugars C. Minerals and vitamins D. None of
these
4. Fibre is made up of plant _______________.
A. Cell wall B. Cell membrane C. Nucleus D. Vacuole
5. __________________ is a condition in which a person eats too little.
A. Obese B. Malnutrition C. Diabetes D. Arthritis
6. _______ is caused by deficiency of vitamin C.

A. Scurvy B. Rickets C. Anemia D. Asthma

7. Body also makes ______________ when exposed to sunlight.

A. Calcium B. Vitamin D C. Iron D. None

8. A happiness chemical which is released in blood by walking is called__________.

A. Adrenaline B. Insulin C. Glucagon D. Endorphins

9. __________ is used to relief pain.
A. Tranquillizers B. Aspirin C. Sedatives D. Sleeping pills
10. Anemia is caused by deficiency of _________.
A. Carbohydrates B. Iron C. Protein D. Fats

Q2: Why fibre is important in our diet?

Fibres (roughage) are important part of our diet because they help waste to move smoothly
through walls of digestive system. So eating enough fiber can prevent or relieve constipation.
Q3: Mention the names of diseases that can be caused by diabetes.
Heart disease, blindness and limb amputation are serious health problems that can be caused by
diabetes.
Q4: What should a balance diet contain?
A balance diet is one that provides the right balance between:
1: Foods that provide energy
2: Foods that provide building materials
3: Food that control chemical reactions
4: Foods that contain dietary fibre (roughage)
Q5: Write three ways needed to ensure good health.
You can ensure good health by:
1: Eating a balance and varied diet
2: Exercising regularly
3: Not abusing your body with drugs

Q6: Write symptoms of scurvy.

If someone has scurvy then that person may have bleeding gums, loose teeth, muscle weakness
and eventually die.
Q7: Write names of disorders caused by smoking.
Here are the names of disorders caused by smoking:
1- Lung cancer
2- Emphysema
3- Bronchitis
 CH# 7- Sounds and hearing
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
i. Sound is made when something vibrates.
ii. Singers produce sound by vibration of Vocal cords.
iii. Sound travels fastest in Solids.
iv. Sound waves are called longitudinal waves.
v. We hear a sound by the vibration of Ear drum..

Q2. Long question

Write a note on model of a sound wave with diagram.

Model of a sound wave

Compression

Rarefaction

Wavelength

Longitudinal wave

Oscillation

Q1.What is noise pollution?

Noise pollution is considered to be any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and
well-being of humans and other organisms.

Q2. Name any three soundproofing materials.

 Soft foams, wadding and fabrics all absorbs sound energy and can make useful
soundproofing materials.

 Even layers of newspaper or egg boxes will stop the transmission of sound across a
surface.

Q3.How can noise levels be measured?

  Noise levels can be measured with sound meter.
 A sound meter converts sound energy into electrical energy which is displayed on scale.
 Noise is measured in decibels (dB).

Q4. Draw a labelled diagram of structure of ear.

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

i. Sound wave takes about 3 seconds to travel one kilometre.
ii. Sound is measured in meters.
iii. The pitch of a sound means how high or low the sound is.
iv. Sounds with high frequency have a high pitch.
v. Echo is produced by reflecting sounds with hard surfaces.
vi. Sound wave can be detected by Oscilloscope.
vii. Sound travel fastest in solids.

Q2. What is meant by frequency of sound?

Frequency of a sound means number of sound vibrations set up in one seconds. It is
measured in hertz (Hz). When you pluck the top string of a guitar, it vibrates 660 times a second,
so the frequency is 660Hz.

Q3. Why you are able to see lightning before you hear it.

Sound waves take time to travel. In fact, sound wave takes about 3 seconds to travel one
kilometre. Light travels the same distance in an instant. Because of this reason, you can see
lightning before you hear it.

CH # 9 Acids and alkalis

Q1. What are acids? Also mention three properties of acids.

An acid is a substance which has ability to donate proton H+. Three properties of acids
are:
1. Acids have a sour taste.
2. Acids are soluble in water.
3. Strong acids are corrosive.
Q2. Mention the use of nitric acid and sulphuric acid.

i. Nitric acid is used in fertilizer.

ii. Nitric acid is also used in explosives.
iii. Sulphuric acid is used in car batteries and making plastics.
Q3.How acid rain is affecting our environment?
A. Acid rain is affecting our environment because of sulphur dioxide which dissolves in
rainwater, Acid rain can affect marble buildings and statues.
B. It can also damage trees.
C. It can kill sea life such as fishes.
Q4: How fizzy drinks are made.

Fizzy drinks are made by adding carbon dioxide gas to the drink under pressure. When carbon
dioxide dissolves in water, a very weak acid called carbonic acid is formed.

Q1. Fill in the blanks.

 i. Substances having pH less than 7 are called acids.
ii. Sodium hydroxide is used in making soap.
iii. Calcium hydroxide is used to test the presence of carbon dioxide.
iv. Strong acids have high concentration of hydrogen ions.
v. Alkalis have pH more than 7.

Q2. Mention 3 uses of Sodium hydroxide.

i. Sodium hydroxide is used to make soap and soap powder.

ii. Sodium hydroxide is a useful ingredient in oven cleaners.
iii. It is also used to remove resins from wood pulp.
Q3. Write three properties of alkalis.
i. Alkalis have bitter taste.
ii. Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
iii. Alkalis are soapy to touch.
Q1. What is an indicator? Give examples.
An indicator is a dye which is used to identify an acid or an alkali.
For example Phenolphthalein, Litmus paper, Bromothymol blue, methyl orange

Q2. What is neutralization reaction? Write chemical equation of it.

Acids and bases react to form salt and water this process is called neutralization. In
neutralization reaction hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal then salt is formed.
The hydrogen ions combine with hydroxide ion to form water.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

Q3. How can we cure indigestion?

Our stomach produces HCl which play role in digestion of food. Too much production of HCl in
stomach causes indigestion which can be cured by using Tablets that contain hydroxide.